1,246 research outputs found
Atomic-SDN: Is Synchronous Flooding the Solution to Software-Defined Networking in IoT?
The adoption of Software Defined Networking (SDN) within traditional networks
has provided operators the ability to manage diverse resources and easily
reconfigure networks as requirements change. Recent research has extended this
concept to IEEE 802.15.4 low-power wireless networks, which form a key
component of the Internet of Things (IoT). However, the multiple traffic
patterns necessary for SDN control makes it difficult to apply this approach to
these highly challenging environments. This paper presents Atomic-SDN, a highly
reliable and low-latency solution for SDN in low-power wireless. Atomic-SDN
introduces a novel Synchronous Flooding (SF) architecture capable of
dynamically configuring SF protocols to satisfy complex SDN control
requirements, and draws from the authors' previous experiences in the IEEE EWSN
Dependability Competition: where SF solutions have consistently outperformed
other entries. Using this approach, Atomic-SDN presents considerable
performance gains over other SDN implementations for low-power IoT networks. We
evaluate Atomic-SDN through simulation and experimentation, and show how
utilizing SF techniques provides latency and reliability guarantees to SDN
control operations as the local mesh scales. We compare Atomic-SDN against
other SDN implementations based on the IEEE 802.15.4 network stack, and
establish that Atomic-SDN improves SDN control by orders-of-magnitude across
latency, reliability, and energy-efficiency metrics
Efficient Cooperative Anycasting for AMI Mesh Networks
We have, in recent years, witnessed an increased interest towards enabling a
Smart Grid which will be a corner stone to build sustainable energy efficient
communities. An integral part of the future Smart Grid will be the
communications infrastructure which will make real time control of the grid
components possible. Automated Metering Infrastructure (AMI) is thought to be a
key enabler for monitoring and controlling the customer loads. %RPL is a
connectivity enabling mechanism for low power and lossy networks currently
being standardized by the IETF ROLL working group. RPL is deemed to be a
suitable candidate for AMI networks where the meters are connected to a
concentrator over multi hop low power and lossy links. This paper proposes an
efficient cooperative anycasting approach for wireless mesh networks with the
aim of achieving reduced traffic and increased utilisation of the network
resources. The proposed cooperative anycasting has been realised as an
enhancement on top of the Routing Protocol for Low Power and Lossy Networks
(RPL), a connectivity enabling mechanism in wireless AMI mesh networks. In this
protocol, smart meter nodes utilise an anycasting approach to facilitate
efficient transport of metering data to the concentrator node. Moreover, it
takes advantage of a distributed approach ensuring scalability
IETF standardization in the field of the Internet of Things (IoT): a survey
Smart embedded objects will become an important part of what is called the Internet of Things. However, the integration of embedded devices into the Internet introduces several challenges, since many of the existing Internet technologies and protocols were not designed for this class of devices. In the past few years, there have been many efforts to enable the extension of Internet technologies to constrained devices. Initially, this resulted in proprietary protocols and architectures. Later, the integration of constrained devices into the Internet was embraced by IETF, moving towards standardized IP-based protocols. In this paper, we will briefly review the history of integrating constrained devices into the Internet, followed by an extensive overview of IETF standardization work in the 6LoWPAN, ROLL and CoRE working groups. This is complemented with a broad overview of related research results that illustrate how this work can be extended or used to tackle other problems and with a discussion on open issues and challenges. As such the aim of this paper is twofold: apart from giving readers solid insights in IETF standardization work on the Internet of Things, it also aims to encourage readers to further explore the world of Internet-connected objects, pointing to future research opportunities
Let the Tree Bloom: Scalable Opportunistic Routing with ORPL
Routing in battery-operated wireless networks is challenging, posing a tradeoff between energy and latency. Previous work has shown that opportunistic routing can achieve low-latency data collection in duty-cycled networks. However, applications are now considered where nodes are not only periodic data sources, but rather addressable end points generating traffic with arbitrary patterns.
We present ORPL, an opportunistic routing protocol that supports any-to-any, on-demand traffic. ORPL builds upon RPL, the standard protocol for low-power IPv6 networks. By combining RPL's tree-like topology with opportunistic routing, ORPL forwards data to any destination based on the mere knowledge of the nodes' sub-tree. We use bitmaps and Bloom filters to represent and propagate this information in a space-efficient way, making ORPL scale to large networks of addressable nodes. Our results in a 135-node testbed show that ORPL outperforms a number of state-of-the-art solutions including RPL and CTP, conciliating a sub-second latency and a sub-percent duty cycle. ORPL also increases robustness and scalability, addressing the whole network reliably through a 64-byte Bloom filter, where RPL needs kilobytes of routing tables for the same task
Supporting Cyber-Physical Systems with Wireless Sensor Networks: An Outlook of Software and Services
Sensing, communication, computation and control technologies are the essential building blocks of a cyber-physical system (CPS). Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are a way to support CPS as they provide fine-grained spatial-temporal sensing, communication and computation at a low premium of cost and power. In this article, we explore the fundamental concepts guiding the design and implementation of WSNs. We report the latest developments in WSN software and services for meeting existing requirements and newer demands; particularly in the areas of: operating system, simulator and emulator, programming abstraction, virtualization, IP-based communication and security, time and location, and network monitoring and management. We also reflect on the ongoing
efforts in providing dependable assurances for WSN-driven CPS. Finally, we report on its applicability with a case-study on smart buildings
A Case for Time Slotted Channel Hopping for ICN in the IoT
Recent proposals to simplify the operation of the IoT include the use of
Information Centric Networking (ICN) paradigms. While this is promising,
several challenges remain. In this paper, our core contributions (a) leverage
ICN communication patterns to dynamically optimize the use of TSCH (Time
Slotted Channel Hopping), a wireless link layer technology increasingly popular
in the IoT, and (b) make IoT-style routing adaptive to names, resources, and
traffic patterns throughout the network--both without cross-layering. Through a
series of experiments on the FIT IoT-LAB interconnecting typical IoT hardware,
we find that our approach is fully robust against wireless interference, and
almost halves the energy consumed for transmission when compared to CSMA. Most
importantly, our adaptive scheduling prevents the time-slotted MAC layer from
sacrificing throughput and delay
The support of multipath routing in IPv6-based internet of things
The development of IPv6-based network architectures for Internet of Things (IoT) systems is a feasible approach to widen the horizon for more effective applications, but remains a challenge. Network routing needs to be effectively addressed in such environments of scarce computational and energy resources. The Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) specified
the IPv6 Routing Protocol for Low Power and Lossy Network (RPL) to provide a basic IPv6-based routing framework for IoT networks. However, the RPL design has the potential of extending its functionality to a further limit and incorporating the support of advanced routing mechanisms. These include multipath routing which has opened the doors for great improvements towards efficient energy balancing, load distribution, and even more. This paper fulfilled a need for an effective review of recent advancements in Internet of Things (IoT) networking. In particular,
it presented an effective review and provided a taxonomy of the different multipath routing solutions enhancing the RPL protocol. The aim was to discover its current state and outline the importance of integrating such
a mechanism into RPL to revive its potentiality to a wider range of IoT applications. This paper also discussed the latest research findings and provided some insights into plausible follow-up researches
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