Contributos da indexação social para tratamento temático de documentos fotográficos provenientes de arquivos públicos

Photography is an important social document for the study of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, promoting the dissemination, conservation and valorization of political, social, scientific and cultural activities of man. Its polysemous and subjective nature has made it difficult to implement common policies and procedures concerning its description and recovery. The emergence of web 2.0 provides new ways of publishing, sharing and organizing information online. Folksonomy thus emerges as an interactive and inclusive resource for representing these contents through the user's free language. In this context, it is theorized that the use of folksonomy could be applied and would be useful, in some circumstances, in the treatment of photographic images. The main goal is to analyze which contributions folksonomy brings to the indexation processes of photographic documents coming from public archives, in order to preserve and share this heritage. The adopted methodology consisted, at first, in a systematic exploration of folksonomy in archival 14.º Congresso ISKO Espanha (4.º ISKO Espanha-Portugal) Barcelona, 10-11 de julho de 2019 2 context and applied to photographic documentation, to identify scientific works in online repositories and databases. At the same time, an online collection of photographs was created on Flickr, belonging to the David Freitas Collection of the Photographic Archive of Évora City Hall, on which social indexing actions will be promoted. The practical study carried out will contribute to ascertain why systems that allow social indexing features are important to institutions holding photograph collections

Contributos da indexação social para tratamento temático de documentos fotográficos provenientes de arquivos públicos

Photography is an important social document for the study of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, promoting the dissemination, conservation and valorization of political, social, scientific and cultural activities of man. Its polysemous and subjective nature has made it difficult to implement common policies and procedures concerning its description and recovery. The emergence of web 2.0 provides new ways of publishing, sharing and organizing information online. Folksonomy thus emerges as an interactive and inclusive resource for representing these contents through the user's free language. In this context, it is theorized that the use of folksonomy could be applied and would be useful, in some circumstances, in the treatment of photographic images. The main goal is to analyze which contributions folksonomy brings to the indexation processes of photographic documents coming from public archives, in order to preserve and share this heritage. The adopted methodology consisted, at first, in a systematic exploration of folksonomy in archival 14.º Congresso ISKO Espanha (4.º ISKO Espanha-Portugal) Barcelona, 10-11 de julho de 2019 2 context and applied to photographic documentation, to identify scientific works in online repositories and databases. At the same time, an online collection of photographs was created on Flickr, belonging to the David Freitas Collection of the Photographic Archive of Évora City Hall, on which social indexing actions will be promoted. The practical study carried out will contribute to ascertain why systems that allow social indexing features are important to institutions holding photograph collections

La agregación de colecciones fotográficas en Flickr: un estudio exploratorio

Las plataformas sociales para almacenar y compartir imágenes han demostrado su utilidad como escaparate digital y como archivo duradero. Particularmente en Flickr, el depósito de fotografías más orientado a la creación de comunidad, los usuarios se preocupan por poner sus imágenes a disposición pública: las titulan, las describen y las agregan a grupos temáticos para hacerlas más fáciles de encontrar. A partir de una muestra de 400 instantáneas, que corresponden a otros tantos usuarios individuales, este estudio a pequeña escala explora los esfuerzos que las personas dedican a facilitar la recuperación y el descubrimiento de las fotografías personales que publican en Flickr

Metadata for Diversity: Identification and Implications of Potential Access Points for Diverse Library Resources

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate what metadata elements for access points currently exist to represent diverse library reading materials, either in libraries or from external sources, as well as what metadata elements for access points are currently not present but are necessary to represent diverse library reading materials. Design/methodology/approach A field scan of thirteen contemporary metadata schemas identified elements that might serve as potential access points regarding the diversity status of resource creators as well as topical or thematic content. Elements were semantically mapped using a metadata crosswalk to understand the intellectual and conceptual space of the elements. Element definitions and application of controlled vocabularies were also examined where possible to offer additional context. Findings Metadata elements describing gender, occupation, geographic region, audience, and age currently exist in many schemas and could potentially be used to offer access to diverse library materials. However, metadata elements necessary to represent racial, ethnic, national and cultural identity are currently not present in specific forms necessary for enabling resource access and collection assessment. Lack of distinct elements contributes to the implicit erasure of marginalized identities. Originality/value The search for metadata describing diversity is a first step towards enabling more systematic access to diverse library materials. The need for systematic description of diversity to make visible and promote diverse materials is highlighted in this paper. Though the subject of this article is library organization systems and for clarity uses terms specific to the library profession, the issues present are relevant to all information professionals and knowledge organization systems

El etiquetado social en la descripción de libros: una comparación entre etiquetas y encabezamientos de materia

Determina el grado de similitud entre los términos asignados por los usuarios de LibraryThing y los catalogadores de la Library of Congress para describir el contenido temático de libros de ficción y el de aquellos de no ficción. La recolección de datos hizo uso de la minería de textos, mientras que el análisis estadístico tuvo lugar a través del cálculo de coeficientes de similitud y correlación. En ambos casos se empleó a R como herramienta de análisis de datos. Los resultados sugieren que las etiquetas sociales presentan coincidencias con los encabezamientos de materia de la Library of Congress pero son lo suficientemente distintas para considerarlas como un complemento en la descripción de contenidos

Toward a Model of Intercultural Warrant: A Case of the Korean Decimal Classification\u27s Cross-cultural Adaptation of the Dewey Decimal Classification

I examined the Korean Decimal Classification (KDC)\u27s adaptation of the Dewey Decimal Classification (DDC) by comparing the two systems. This case manifests the sociocultural influences on KOSs in a cross-cultural context. I focused my analysis on the changes resulting from the meeting of the two cultures, answering the main research question: “How does KDC adapt DDC in terms of underlying sociocultural perspectives in a classificatory form?” I took a comparative approach and address the main research question in two phases. In Phase 1, quantities of class numbers were analyzed by edition and discipline. The main class with the most consistently high number of class numbers in DDC was the social sciences, while the main class with the most consistently high number of class numbers in KDC was technology. The two main classes are expected to differ in semantic contents or specificities. In Phase 2, patterns of adaptations were analyzed by examining the class numbers, captions, and hierarchical relations within the developed adaptation taxonomy. Implementing the taxonomy as a coding scheme brings two comparative features of classifications: 1) semantic contents determined by captions and quantity of subordinate numbers; and 2) structural arrangement determined by ranks, the broader category, presence and the order of subordinate numbers. Surveying proper forms of adaptation resulted in the development of an adaptation taxonomy that will serve as a framework to account for the conflicts between and harmonization of multiple social and cultural influences in knowledge structures. This study has ramifications in theoretical and empirical foundations for the development of “intercultural warrant” in KOSs

Facets of Graffiti Art and Street Art Documentation Online: A Domain and Content Analysis

In this dissertation research I have applied a mixed methods approach to analyze the documentation of street art and graffiti art in online collections. The data for this study comes from the organizational labels used on 241 websites that feature photographs of street art and graffiti art, as well as related textual information provided on these sites and interviews with thirteen of the curators of the sites. The goal of the research is to demonstrate the existence of a coherent domain of street art and graffiti art documentation that may in turn be used to inform the formal design of systems to record evidence of the art movement and the works. Open coding was applied to the organizational text used by the websites to reveal a set of four categories of descriptive facets. The categories are related to general aspects of the websites themselves, the supports upon which works are created or placed, the various types of works, and location information. There are several facets included within each of these four categories. When a website shared information about the site itself, most frequently on an about sub-page, this was analyzed for audience, explicit organization methods, motivations for creating the site, and art style vocabulary used. Audience and explicit organization methods were rarely shared. Motivations were coded as internal, external, or mixed with emphasis on internal or external. Art style vocabulary varies and is tied to motivations, but the most commonly named style is graffiti or a variant thereof. Sites that feature work from internally motivated sites feature the widest variety of art style terminology and tend to avoid use of graffiti and graffiti-related terms. All website curators that could be contacted were offered the opportunity to participate in an interview regarding website organization for graffiti art and street art. Thirteen interviews were conducted: one by phone, one by Skype, and eleven by email. The interview data reveals varying opinions on what terminologies or categories should be used to organize photographic collections of graffiti art and street art online, but there is general agreement that the name of the artist or crew (if known), the year of the work, and the location of the work are the most important facets. The curators demonstrate that the size of the collection, geographic focus, and scope of works featured will have an impact on how the site should be organized. The ontological formation of the domain of street art and graffiti art documentation is evidenced by the combined results of the website analyses and interviews

National libraries' use of Facebook and Twitter and user engagement

This research investigated national libraries' use of Facebook and Twitter and the user responses to those activities. Data was collected directly from the Facebook and Twitter pages of three national libraries (Library of Congress between 30.01.18 and 24.04.18, National Library of Australia and National Library of Scotland both between 10.06.19 and 1.09.19) including the posts and user comments. Content and thematic analysis was performed on the posts to determine library behaviour and a developed toolkit utilising thematic discourse analysis was used to understand user responses. Libraries were found to post about library-centric topics such as collections, events and resources, and linked users to library controlled webspaces such as their websites or other social media. Images were used to either complement or enhance the information contained in posts, though no overall patterns emerged as the libraries varied slightly in their posting patterns. Two major differences were responses to other social media on Twitter that were not available on Facebook, and the NLS using more personable themes. The libraries also responded to users differently with LoC barely responding, and NLA and NLS liking and responding to comments. Users mostly responded to the content of posts, as well as having conversations in the NLA and NLS datasets. Common motivations for responding including liking the content, sharing the content with others, sharing relevant memories or content as well as gratitude and answering a question, with most motivations and comments positive. Response rates varied, with the NLS receiving the most comments on Twitter despite the smallest library size. The results aligned with existing research in other areas, and beyond the advice for practitioners to respond to users and use informal language, one of the main outputs of the research is a toolkit that can be used by others to gain deeper understanding of user engagements.This research investigated national libraries' use of Facebook and Twitter and the user responses to those activities. Data was collected directly from the Facebook and Twitter pages of three national libraries (Library of Congress between 30.01.18 and 24.04.18, National Library of Australia and National Library of Scotland both between 10.06.19 and 1.09.19) including the posts and user comments. Content and thematic analysis was performed on the posts to determine library behaviour and a developed toolkit utilising thematic discourse analysis was used to understand user responses. Libraries were found to post about library-centric topics such as collections, events and resources, and linked users to library controlled webspaces such as their websites or other social media. Images were used to either complement or enhance the information contained in posts, though no overall patterns emerged as the libraries varied slightly in their posting patterns. Two major differences were responses to other social media on Twitter that were not available on Facebook, and the NLS using more personable themes. The libraries also responded to users differently with LoC barely responding, and NLA and NLS liking and responding to comments. Users mostly responded to the content of posts, as well as having conversations in the NLA and NLS datasets. Common motivations for responding including liking the content, sharing the content with others, sharing relevant memories or content as well as gratitude and answering a question, with most motivations and comments positive. Response rates varied, with the NLS receiving the most comments on Twitter despite the smallest library size. The results aligned with existing research in other areas, and beyond the advice for practitioners to respond to users and use informal language, one of the main outputs of the research is a toolkit that can be used by others to gain deeper understanding of user engagements