Modeling and Control for Smart Grid Integration of Solar/Wind Energy Conversion System

Performance optimization, system reliability and operational efficiency are key characteristics of smart grid systems. In this paper a novel model of smart grid-connected PV/WT hybrid system is developed. It comprises photovoltaic array, wind turbine, asynchronous (induction) generator, controller and converters. The model is implemented using MATLAB/SIMULINK software package. Perturb and observe (P&O) algorithm is used for maximizing the generated power based on maximum power point tracker (MPPT) implementation. The dynamic behavior of the proposed model is examined under different operating conditions. Solar irradiance, temperature and wind speed data is gathered from a grid connected, 28.8kW solar power system located in central Manchester. Real-time measured parameters are used as inputs for the developed system. The proposed model and its control strategy offer a proper tool for smart grid performance optimization

DESIGN OF A 2x2 LINEAR MPC SCHEME FOR A SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELL

Fuel cell is one of the promising energy sources that produce electrical energy with almost zero pollutant. Although fuel cell had been invented for quite some time, it is only recently that fuel cell garners the attention in the energy industry for their clean electricity generation. Among all the available fuel cell, solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) is one of the most interesting fuel cells types due to high energy efficiency, low emission from the chemical reaction, long-term stability, flexibility in options for fuel and low cost. Since the SOFC is to be used as an electrical source, there is a need to keep the fuel cell in a state of constant power output. Hence, maintaining a fuel cell system in correct operating conditions and a good control system is required. Model Predictive Control (MPC) proves to be an effective control strategy to control the power output of the SOFC. In this paper, the problem statement is defined and an objective is developed. In literature review, the more in depth review will be done on SOFC and MPC. Other than that, literature review also discusses the application of MPC to fuel cell in general, not limiting to Solid Oxide fuel cell. A detailed methodology on how the project will be simulated is included in Chapter 3.. In Chapter 4, the results of the simulation of scenarios will be discussed. Conclusion for the overall activities which have been carried out for this project will be in Chapter 5

Modeling, Control and Power Management Strategy of a Grid connected Hybrid Energy System

This paper presents the detailed modeling of various components of a grid connected hybrid energy system (HES) consisting of a photovoltaic (PV) system, a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC), an electrolyzer and a hydrogen storage tank with a power flow controller. Also, a valve controlled by the proposed controller decides how much amount of fuel is consumed by fuel cell according to the load demand. In this paper fuel cell is used instead of battery bank because fuel cell is free from pollution. The control and power management strategies are also developed. When the PV power is sufficient then it can fulfill the load demand as well as feeds the extra power to the electrolyzer. By using the electrolyzer, the hydrogen is generated from the water and stored in storage tank and this hydrogen act as a fuel to SOFC. If the availability of the power from the PV system cannot fulfill the load demand, then the fuel cell fulfills the required load demand. The SOFC takes required amount of hydrogen as fuel, which is controlled by the PID controller through a valve. Effectiveness of this technology is verified by the help of computer simulations in MATLAB/SIMULINK environment under various loading conditions and promising results are obtained

Modeling and dynamic stability of distributed generations

The objective of this dissertation is to develop dynamic models for distributed generations (DG), to investigate their impacts on dynamic stability of power distribution systems, and to design controllers for DGs to improve the dynamic stability of the integrated power distribution system.;A two-year distributed generation (DG) project at West Virginia University (WVU) evaluated the impact of various DG sources on actual distribution systems by performing computer simulations. The data is supplied by two regional electric utilities of two actual distribution systems each. In this project several important issues were investigated, including the availability of simulation tools and impacts of DGs connected to a distribution line under a variety of line operating conditions. Based on this preliminary research the further most interesting topics for continued research were raised.;The continued research has focused on deeper investigation, such as, modeling DG sources, evaluating their interaction and impacts, and improving the dynamic stability of the integrated power distribution system. Four specific DGs are studied in this dissertation: fuel cell power plant, wind turbine induction generator, gas turbine synchronous generator and diesel engine synchronous generator.;A full-order synchronous generator model represents the generator models of gas turbine generator and diesel engine generator. A simplified gas turbine model has been chosen to be implemented. A practical diesel engine for emergency use is modeled. The generator model of wind turbine induction generator is represented by a full-order induction generator. The rated power operating regime is considered for impacts evaluations and controller design. Two types of fuel cell models are developed. The first one is a model of already operational phosphoric acid fuel cell (PAFC) obtained through data fitting and the second one is dynamic model of solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC). Since fuel cells are connected to the electric power network via inverters, an inverter model has been developed.;Multi-DG controls are investigated in this dissertation. One DG control is fuel cell control, the other one is wind-turbine control. The control of fuel cell (SOFC) plant is through the inverter to adjust active power injection to the network during the transient time. The control of wind turbine generator is through the parallel connected SVC by adjusting reactive power injection to the system. Both control schemes are centralized.;Linear analysis methodologies are utilized in designing the controller. In the fuel cell control design, two pairs of critical modes are screened out using eigenvalue analysis. The participation factors of DGs with respect to the modes are calculated. Two specific lead-lag compensation units are designed to damp each mode separately. The gains of the two compensation units were then obtained via optimal control methodology. In wind turbine DG control design procedure, three rotor speed deviations are used as input signals while the controller outputs are the firing angle for the SVC and the pitch angle for the wind-turbine DG. An output feedback controller is designed. The dynamic load characteristic is also considered by modeling it as a structured uncertainty. mu-analysis is used to evaluate the robust stability of the controllers with respect to the uncertain parameters in the dynamic loads. The IEEE-13 node radial feeder with existing gas turbine and diesel engine DGs is used as a test system to evaluate the multi-DG control. The simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the control strategies.;Coordinated operation of all the DGs is investigated. Simulation results show that good configurations within DGs along the system can improve the system stability. Furthermore, the fast acting SVC is very effective in improving damping. Among the DGs investigated in this research, the fuel cell plant control is the best choice for the coordinated operation.;Finally, the approach to model a complete three-phase power distribution system is implemented. The impact of the developed DGs models is evaluated on a three-phase unbalanced distribution system. The three-phase 13-node IEEE system with gas turbine and diesel engine DGs is simulated using MATLAB/Simulink\u27s Power System Blockset (PSB). In the simulation, a three-phase thyristor controlled braking resistor (TCBR) is connected to absorb the surplus energy when the system is subjected to a disturbance. The three-phase dynamic simulation demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed strategy

Energy Conversion and Control of Hydrogen Fuel Cell Based Electric Transport

The research investigates the effective utilization of hydrogen fuel cells in electric transport applications, addressing the challenges associated with power generation, energy storage, and control. By implementing the MPPT Perturb and Observe (P&O) technique, the thesis aims to optimize the power output of the fuel cell system, ensuring maximum efficiency and performance. To enhance the overall energy management of the system, a battery and supercapacitor combination is employed as supplementary energy storage. The thesis dives into the design and control strategies required for the seamless integration of these energy conversion systems. The battery’s SOC is closely regulated based on the fuel cell voltage, allowing for efficient energy utilization and improved system reliability. The findings of this research contribute to the advancement of hydrogen fuel cell based electric transport systems. The utilization of MPPT techniques, combined with the integration of battery and supercapacitor systems, offers a promising approach to optimize energy conversion and control. The proposed strategies can lead to enhanced energy efficiency, extended driving range, and improved reliability for future hydrogen fuel cell-based electric transport applications

Current source Inverter for fuel cell Application

In recent years, the scientific renaissance has turned towards alternative energy. Scientific research and dissertations of all degrees, doctoral, Master, and even bachelor's degrees include. Green energy and alternative solution to protect the environment from increasing pollution. Different inverters have been used to increase the potential for power resulting from devices that do not have the efficiency to increase power. Multilevel inverter, voltage inverter, current sources inverter single phase and three phase which-efficiency DC-AC to connected with fuel cell. The inverter topology is present in the project to increase the voltage gain. The MATLAB Simulink results are presented with value for the parameter. The current source inverter single-phase H-bridge topology is used as the source of the explanation (Inverter topology)

Vector Control of Asynchronous Motor of Drive Train Using Speed Controller H∞

This study proposes the speed control of an asynchronous motor (AM) using the Antiwindup design. First, the conventional vector control based on proportional-integral (PI) controllers is developed for a constant speed set point. Then, a driving cycle is based on measurements on the Safi/Rabat motorway in Morocco using a microcontroller equipped with a GPS device. The collected practical speed is used as a speed reference for conventional vector control. The /Antiwindup controller of the direct rotor flow-oriented control is used to improve the performance of conventional vector control and optimize the energy consumption of the drive train. The effectiveness of the proposed control scheme is verified by numerical simulation. The results of the numerical validation of the proposed scheme showed good performance compared to conventional vector control. The speed control systems are analyzed for different operating conditions. These control strategies are simulated in the MATLAB/SIMULINK environment. The simulation results of the improved vector control of the Asynchronous Machine (AM) are used to validate this optimization approach in the dynamic regime, followed by a comparative analysis to evaluate the performance and effectiveness of the proposed approach. A practical model based on a TMS320F28379D embedded board and its reduced voltage inverter (24V) is used to implement the proposed method and verify the simulation results. Doi: 10.28991/ESJ-2022-06-04-012 Full Text: PD