Regionalized implementation strategy of smart automation within assembly systems in China

Produzierende Unternehmen in aufstrebenden Nationen wie China, sind bestrebt, die Produktivität der Produktion durch eine Verbesserung der Lean Produktion mit disruptiven Technologien zu erreichen. Smart Automation ist dabei eine vielversprechende Lösung, allerdings können Unternehmen aufgrund von mangelnden Ressourcen oft nicht alle Smart Automation Technologien gleichzeitig implementieren. Ebenso beeinflusst eine Vielzahl an Einflussfaktoren, wie z.B. Standortfaktoren. Dementsprechend herausfordernd ist die Auswahl und Priorisierung von Smart Automation Technologien in Form von Einführungsstrategien für produzierende Unternehmen. Der Stand der Forschung untersucht nur unzureichend die Analyse der Interdependenzen zwischen Standortfaktoren, Smart Automation Technologien und Key Performance Indikatoren (KPIs). Darüber hinaus mangelt es an einer Methode zur Ableitung der Einführungsstrategie von Smart Automation Technologien unter Berücksichtigung dieser Interdependenzen. Entsprechend trägt diese Arbeit dazu bei, eine regionalisierte Einführungsstrategie von Smart Automation Technologien in Montagesystemen zu ermöglichen. Zunächst werden die Standortfaktoren, Smart Automation Technologien und KPIs identifiziert. In einem zweiten Schritt werden, mit Hilfe von qualitativen und quantitativen Analysen, die Interdependenzen bestimmt. Anschließend werden diese Interdependenzen auf ein Montagesystem mittels hybrider Modellierung und Simulation übertragen. Im vierten Schritt wird eine regionalisierte Einführungsstrategie durch eine Optimierung und eine Monte-Carlo-Simulation abgeleitet. Die Methodik wurde im Rahmen des deutsch-chinesischen Forschungsprojekts I4TP entwickelt, das vom Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (BMBF) unterstützt wird. Die Validierung wurde erfolgreich mit einem produzierenden Unternehmen in Beijing durchgeführt. Die entwickelte Methodik stellt einen neuartigen Ansatz zur Entscheidungsunterstützung bei der Entwicklung einer regionalisierten Einführungsstrategie für Smart Automation Technologien in Montagesystemen dar. Dadurch sind produzierende Unter-nehmen in der Lage, individuelle Einführungsstrategien für disruptive Technologien auf Basis wissenschaftlicher und rationaler Analysen effektiv abzuleiten

Applications of Virtual Reality

Information Technology is growing rapidly. With the birth of high-resolution graphics, high-speed computing and user interaction devices Virtual Reality has emerged as a major new technology in the mid 90es, last century. Virtual Reality technology is currently used in a broad range of applications. The best known are games, movies, simulations, therapy. From a manufacturing standpoint, there are some attractive applications including training, education, collaborative work and learning. This book provides an up-to-date discussion of the current research in Virtual Reality and its applications. It describes the current Virtual Reality state-of-the-art and points out many areas where there is still work to be done. We have chosen certain areas to cover in this book, which we believe will have potential significant impact on Virtual Reality and its applications. This book provides a definitive resource for wide variety of people including academicians, designers, developers, educators, engineers, practitioners, researchers, and graduate students

Intelligent Autonomous Vehicles in digital supply chains: A framework for integrating innovations towards sustainable value networks

The principal objective of this research is to provide a framework that captures the main software architecture elements for developing highly customized simulation tools that support the effective integration of Intelligent Autonomous Vehicles (IAVs) in sustainable supply networks, as an emerging field in the operations management agenda. To that end, the study's contribution is fourfold including: (i) a review of software simulation tools and platforms used in assessing the performance of IAVs interlinked with sustainability ramifications in supply chain (SC) ecosystems, (ii) an integrated software framework for monitoring and assessing the sustainability performance of SCs defined by the utilisation of innovative IAVs in operations, (iii) a translation of the proposed SC framework into a corresponding software application through a robust five-stage stepwise process, and (iv) a demonstration of the developed software tool through its application on the case of an IAV system operating in a customisable warehouse model. Our analysis highlights the flexibility resulting from a decentralised software management architecture, thus enabling the dynamic reconfiguration of a SC network. In addition, the developed pilot simulation tool can assist operations managers in capturing the operational needs of facilities and assessing the performance of IAV systems while considering sustainability parameters

Pelimoottorin hyödyntäminen simuloinnin visualisoinnissa

Modern game engines provide software developers with comprehensive toolsets for turning their visions into visually appealing 3D worlds. In addition to gaming industry, these frameworks can be used in creating visualizations for real-world processes. In this thesis, the concept of game engine based industrial process visualization is demonstrated in the context of automated container terminals. During the thesis project, a real-time 3D visualization tool was developed that can be used to visualize simulated terminals and actual systems. The work was commissioned by a Finnish client company, working in the cargo handling industry. The thesis document comprises of a background part and a solution part. In the background part, the most important concepts of container terminal operations are presented. The focus is then moved to the software systems that are used in the automated terminals provided by the client company. The background part contains also a review of the existing 3D applications in the container handling industry and a literature survey of various other projects, which are utilizing game engines for simulation purposes. For the practical part, a requirements analysis was performed for the visualization tool. The development platform was then chosen by comparing two of the most commonly used modern game engines: Unity and Unreal Engine. While both of the engines had their advantages and disadvantages, Unity was chosen as the development platform for several reasons: It allowed using the existing 3D models of the client company without doing any manual conversions to the files. The object model and scripting system of Unity was also regarded as intuitive and easy to use. Finally, the software framework used in Unity allowed easy integration with the software systems of the client company. The implemented application is configured by using similar XML files that are used in GUI applications of actual terminals. It communicates with the terminal automation system by using the common communication platform. Machine positions and container events are acquired real-time from the automation system. It was also proven, that the application can be extended to send messages back to the automation system. The solution was tested with a virtual container terminal, including 10,000 containers and 47 container handling machines. It was confirmed, that the application is able to handle large amount of concurrent movement without problems. However, the vast amount of objects in the terminal makes the visualization of the whole area a challenging task for a conventional PC. Further graphical optimization is required in order to provide sufficient frame rate and smooth animation in all situations

Smart Manufacturing

This book is a collection of 11 articles that are published in the corresponding Machines Special Issue “Smart Manufacturing”. It represents the quality, breadth and depth of the most updated study in smart manufacturing (SM); in particular, digital technologies are deployed to enhance system smartness by (1) empowering physical resources in production, (2) utilizing virtual and dynamic assets over the Internet to expand system capabilities, (3) supporting data-driven decision-making activities at various domains and levels of businesses, or (4) reconfiguring systems to adapt to changes and uncertainties. System smartness can be evaluated by one or a combination of performance metrics such as degree of automation, cost-effectiveness, leanness, robustness, flexibility, adaptability, sustainability, and resilience. This book features, firstly, the concepts digital triad (DT-II) and Internet of digital triad things (IoDTT), proposed to deal with the complexity, dynamics, and scalability of complex systems simultaneously. This book also features a comprehensive survey of the applications of digital technologies in space instruments; a systematic literature search method is used to investigate the impact of product design and innovation on the development of space instruments. In addition, the survey provides important information and critical considerations for using cutting edge digital technologies in designing and manufacturing space instruments