5,839 research outputs found
A Guide for Newcomers to Agent-Based Modeling in the Social Sciences
This guide provides pointers to introductory readings, software, and other materials to help newcomers become acquainted with agent-based modeling in the social sciences. Related work can be accessed at: http://www.econ.iastate.edu/tesfatsi/ace.htmagent-based modeling; social sciences
Towards Efficient, Work-Conserving, and Fair Bandwidth Guarantee in Cloud Datacenters
Bandwidth guarantee is a critical feature to enable performance predictability in cloud datacenters. This process is expected to achieve three requirements: work conservation, fairness, and simplicity. However, the distributed nature of datacenters raises significant challenges to attaining those requirements at the same time. In this paper, we propose an efficient approach that can satisfy the three requirements simultaneously. Our scheme takes advantage of multipath TCP (MPTCP) to generate explicit bandwidth guarantee (BG) traffic and work conservation (WC) traffic.We further prioritize the BG traffic over the WC traffic in the network fabric. Due to the priority setting, WC cannot harm bandwidth guarantees and thus is effectively supported. We show that the MPTCP fits this direction well but presents some new issues when the WC subfows own a low priority. We thus adapt the MPTCP to handle these issues through a customized scheduler (which strictly prioritizes BG subfow during packet scheduling) and adopting a large receive buffer. In addition, we enable tenants to share unused bandwidth fairly by managing the overall aggressiveness of the WC traffic. The proposed system can be easily implemented with commercial off-the-shelf servers and switches.We have implemented with the Linux kernel MPTCP for experiments. The extensive experiments in a small cluster (including one MapReduce experiment) and trace-driven simulations show that our scheme achieves the design goals effectively
Trust and Reciprocity in 2-node and 3-node Networks
In this paper we focus on the interaction between exogenous network structure and bargaining behavior in a laboratory experiment. Our main question is how competition and cooperation interact in bargaining environments based on networked versions of the investment game. We focus on 3-node networked markets and vary the network structure to model competition upstream (multiple sellers paired with a monopsonistic buyer) and competition downstream (a monopolistic seller paired with multiple buyers). We describe two kinds of models of trust for such networked environments, absolute and relativized models, and use this structure to generate a general hypothesis about these environments: that information crowds in cooperation on the competitive side of the market. The experimental results support this hypothesis.networks, trust, reciprocity, experiments, investment game
How Natural Selection Can Create Both Self- and Other-Regarding Preferences, and Networked Minds
Biological competition is widely believed to result in the evolution of
selfish preferences. The related concept of the `homo economicus' is at the
core of mainstream economics. However, there is also experimental and empirical
evidence for other-regarding preferences. Here we present a theory that
explains both, self-regarding and other-regarding preferences. Assuming
conditions promoting non-cooperative behaviour, we demonstrate that
intergenerational migration determines whether evolutionary competition results
in a `homo economicus' (showing self-regarding preferences) or a `homo
socialis' (having other-regarding preferences). Our model assumes spatially
interacting agents playing prisoner's dilemmas, who inherit a trait determining
`friendliness', but mutations tend to undermine it. Reproduction is ruled by
fitness-based selection without a cultural modification of reproduction rates.
Our model calls for a complementary economic theory for `networked minds' (the
`homo socialis') and lays the foundations for an evolutionarily grounded theory
of other-regarding agents, explaining individually different utility functions
as well as conditional cooperation
The Agent-Based Modeling Approach through Some Foundational Monographs
L’article analyse quelques monographies fondamentales qui mettent en évidence la pertinence de la simulation multi-agents pour l’analyse sociologique. Ces ouvrages ont été sélectionnés au sein de travaux qui portent sur la coopération, les dynamiques sociales et les normes. Ils montrent l’importance de modéliser les comportements complexes des acteurs et leurs interactions pour comprendre les régularités sociales ainsi que les raisons pour lesquelles la modélisation et l’abstraction sont importantes pour l’analyse sociologique. La modélisation multi-agents peut nous aider à produire des théories des phénomènes sociaux plus cohérentes et vérifiables et nous permet de mieux organiser les théories avant de les tester et en vue de les répliquer. Enfin, dans l’esprit d’une approche collaborative, cet article argumente en faveur du besoin de liens plus étroits entre les approches expérimentales et la sociologie
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