486 research outputs found
CAREER: Data Management for Ad-Hoc Geosensor Networks
This project explores data management methods for geosensor networks, i.e. large collections of very small, battery-driven sensor nodes deployed in the geographic environment that measure the temporal and spatial variations of physical quantities such as temperature or ozone levels. An important task of such geosensor networks is to collect, analyze and estimate information about continuous phenomena under observation such as a toxic cloud close to a chemical plant in real-time and in an energy-efficient way. The main thrust of this project is the integration of spatial data analysis techniques with in-network data query execution in sensor networks. The project investigates novel algorithms such as incremental, in-network kriging that redefines a traditional, highly computationally intensive spatial data estimation method for a distributed, collaborative and incremental processing between tiny, energy and bandwidth constrained sensor nodes. This work includes the modeling of location and sensing characteristics of sensor devices with regard to observed phenomena, the support of temporal-spatial estimation queries, and a focus on in-network data aggregation algorithms for complex spatial estimation queries. Combining high-level data query interfaces with advanced spatial analysis methods will allow domain scientists to use sensor networks effectively in environmental observation. The project has a broad impact on the community involving undergraduate and graduate students in spatial database research at the University of Maine as well as being a key component of a current IGERT program in the areas of sensor materials, sensor devices and sensor. More information about this project, publications, simulation software, and empirical studies are available on the project\u27s web site (http://www.spatial.maine.edu/~nittel/career/)
Context Aware Computing for The Internet of Things: A Survey
As we are moving towards the Internet of Things (IoT), the number of sensors
deployed around the world is growing at a rapid pace. Market research has shown
a significant growth of sensor deployments over the past decade and has
predicted a significant increment of the growth rate in the future. These
sensors continuously generate enormous amounts of data. However, in order to
add value to raw sensor data we need to understand it. Collection, modelling,
reasoning, and distribution of context in relation to sensor data plays
critical role in this challenge. Context-aware computing has proven to be
successful in understanding sensor data. In this paper, we survey context
awareness from an IoT perspective. We present the necessary background by
introducing the IoT paradigm and context-aware fundamentals at the beginning.
Then we provide an in-depth analysis of context life cycle. We evaluate a
subset of projects (50) which represent the majority of research and commercial
solutions proposed in the field of context-aware computing conducted over the
last decade (2001-2011) based on our own taxonomy. Finally, based on our
evaluation, we highlight the lessons to be learnt from the past and some
possible directions for future research. The survey addresses a broad range of
techniques, methods, models, functionalities, systems, applications, and
middleware solutions related to context awareness and IoT. Our goal is not only
to analyse, compare and consolidate past research work but also to appreciate
their findings and discuss their applicability towards the IoT.Comment: IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials Journal, 201
Pervasive Data Access in Wireless and Mobile Computing Environments
The rapid advance of wireless and portable computing technology has brought a lot of research interests and momentum to the area of mobile computing. One of the research focus is on pervasive data access. with wireless connections, users can access information at any place at any time. However, various constraints such as limited client capability, limited bandwidth, weak connectivity, and client mobility impose many challenging technical issues. In the past years, tremendous research efforts have been put forth to address the issues related to pervasive data access. A number of interesting research results were reported in the literature. This survey paper reviews important works in two important dimensions of pervasive data access: data broadcast and client caching. In addition, data access techniques aiming at various application requirements (such as time, location, semantics and reliability) are covered
Sensing as a Service Model for Smart Cities Supported by Internet of Things
The world population is growing at a rapid pace. Towns and cities are
accommodating half of the world's population thereby creating tremendous
pressure on every aspect of urban living. Cities are known to have large
concentration of resources and facilities. Such environments attract people
from rural areas. However, unprecedented attraction has now become an
overwhelming issue for city governance and politics. The enormous pressure
towards efficient city management has triggered various Smart City initiatives
by both government and private sector businesses to invest in ICT to find
sustainable solutions to the growing issues. The Internet of Things (IoT) has
also gained significant attention over the past decade. IoT envisions to
connect billions of sensors to the Internet and expects to use them for
efficient and effective resource management in Smart Cities. Today
infrastructure, platforms, and software applications are offered as services
using cloud technologies. In this paper, we explore the concept of sensing as a
service and how it fits with the Internet of Things. Our objective is to
investigate the concept of sensing as a service model in technological,
economical, and social perspectives and identify the major open challenges and
issues.Comment: Transactions on Emerging Telecommunications Technologies 2014
(Accepted for Publication
The technological growth in eHealth services
The infusion of information communication technology (ICT) into health services is emerging as an active area of research. It has several advantages but perhaps the most important one is providing medical benefits to one and all irrespective of geographic boundaries in a cost effective manner, providing global expertise and holistic services, in a time bound manner. This paper provides a systematic review of technological growth in eHealth services. The present study reviews and analyzes the role of four important technologies, namely, satellite, internet, mobile, and cloud for providing health services.Web of Scienceart. no. 89417
COLTRANE: ConvolutiOnaL TRAjectory NEtwork for Deep Map Inference
The process of automatic generation of a road map from GPS trajectories,
called map inference, remains a challenging task to perform on a geospatial
data from a variety of domains as the majority of existing studies focus on
road maps in cities. Inherently, existing algorithms are not guaranteed to work
on unusual geospatial sites, such as an airport tarmac, pedestrianized paths
and shortcuts, or animal migration routes, etc. Moreover, deep learning has not
been explored well enough for such tasks. This paper introduces COLTRANE,
ConvolutiOnaL TRAjectory NEtwork, a novel deep map inference framework which
operates on GPS trajectories collected in various environments. This framework
includes an Iterated Trajectory Mean Shift (ITMS) module to localize road
centerlines, which copes with noisy GPS data points. Convolutional Neural
Network trained on our novel trajectory descriptor is then introduced into our
framework to detect and accurately classify junctions for refinement of the
road maps. COLTRANE yields up to 37% improvement in F1 scores over existing
methods on two distinct real-world datasets: city roads and airport tarmac.Comment: BuildSys 201
A framework for implementing bring your own device in higher education institutions in South Africa
Although the concept of Bring Your Own Device (BYOD) was only first introduced in 2009, organisations and higher education institutions have shown an increasing interest in and tolerance for employees and students using their own mobile devices for work and academic purposes, to such an extent that it is predicted that BYOD will become the leading practice for all educational environments by the year 2017. Although mobile device usage is increasing in higher education institutions, it has been found that currently no generally recognised framework exists to aid South African higher education institutions with the implementation of BYOD. The problem is further worsened as research suggests that the number of new mobile vulnerabilities reported each year has increased. The primary objective of this study is to develop a framework for implementing BYOD in higher education institutions in South Africa. This primary objective is divided into several secondary objectives, which collectively aim to address the proposed problem. Therefore, the secondary objectives are to understand BYOD in organisations and the challenges it brings; to determine how BYOD challenges differ in higher education institutions; to determine the key components for implementing BYOD in higher education institutions; to determine the extent to which the BYOD key components relate to a higher education institution in South Africa; and to validate the proposed BYOD framework, verifying its quality, efficacy and utility. At first, a comprehensive literature study is used to determine and understand the benefits, challenges and key components for the implementation of BYOD in both organisations and higher education institutions. Thereafter, a case study is used to determine the extent to which the components, identified in the literature study, relate to an educational institution in South Africa. The findings from the case study, in combination with the key components, are then triangulated and a preliminary framework for implementing BYOD in higher education institutions in South Africa is argued. Furthermore, elite interviews are used to determine the quality, efficacy and utility of the proposed BYOD framework. To address the proposed problem, this research proposes a stepby- step holistic framework to aid South African higher education institutions with the implementation of BYOD. This framework adds a significant contribution to the work on this topic, as it provides a foundation upon which further such research can build. It is believed that such a framework would be useful for higher education institutions in South Africa and would result in the improved implementation of BYOD
Mitigating the Risk of Knowledge Leakage in Knowledge Intensive Organizations: a Mobile Device Perspective
In the current knowledge economy, knowledge represents the most strategically
significant resource of organizations. Knowledge-intensive activities advance
innovation and create and sustain economic rent and competitive advantage. In
order to sustain competitive advantage, organizations must protect knowledge
from leakage to third parties, particularly competitors. However, the number
and scale of leakage incidents reported in news media as well as industry
whitepapers suggests that modern organizations struggle with the protection of
sensitive data and organizational knowledge. The increasing use of mobile
devices and technologies by knowledge workers across the organizational
perimeter has dramatically increased the attack surface of organizations, and
the corresponding level of risk exposure. While much of the literature has
focused on technology risks that lead to information leakage, human risks that
lead to knowledge leakage are relatively understudied. Further, not much is
known about strategies to mitigate the risk of knowledge leakage using mobile
devices, especially considering the human aspect. Specifically, this research
study identified three gaps in the current literature (1) lack of in-depth
studies that provide specific strategies for knowledge-intensive organizations
based on their varied risk levels. Most of the analysed studies provide
high-level strategies that are presented in a generalised manner and fail to
identify specific strategies for different organizations and risk levels. (2)
lack of research into management of knowledge in the context of mobile devices.
And (3) lack of research into the tacit dimension of knowledge as the majority
of the literature focuses on formal and informal strategies to protect explicit
(codified) knowledge.Comment: The University of Melbourne PhD Thesi
Updating of Road Network Databases: Spatio-Temporal Trajectory Grouping Using Snap-Drift Neural Network
Research towards an innovative solution to the
problem of automated updating of road network
databases is presented. It moves away from existing
methods where vendors of road network databases
either go through the time consuming and
logistically challenging process of driving along
roads to register changes or use update methods that
rely on remote sensing images. The solution
presented here would allow users of road network
dependent applications (e.g. in-car navigation
system or NavSat) to passively collect characteristics
of any “unknown route” (departure from the known
roads in the database) on behalf of the provider.
These data would be processed either by an onboard
neural network or transferred back to the
NavSat provider and input to a neural net (ANN)
along with similar track data provided by other
service users, to decide whether or not to
automatically update (add) the “unknown road” to
the road database. This would be performed ‘on
probation’, allowing subsequent users to see the
road on their system and use it if need be. At a later
stage, when sufficient information on road geometry
and other characteristics has accumulated in order
to have confidence in the classification, the
probationary flag would be lifted and the new road
permanently added to the road network database. To
investigate this novel approach, GPS-based
trajectory data collected in London are analysed
using a Snap-Drift Neural Network (SDNN) and
categorised into different road class segments. The
performance of the SDNN and the key variables
required are presented
A spontaneous ad hoc network to share www access
In this paper, we propose a secure spontaneous ad-hoc network, based on direct peer-to-peer interaction, to grant a quick, easy, and secure access to the users to surf the Web. The paper shows the description of our proposal, the procedure of the nodes involved in the system, the security algorithms implemented, and the designed messages. We have taken into account the security and its performance. Although some people have defined and described the main features of spontaneous ad-hoc networks, nobody has published any design and simulation until today. Spontaneous networking will enable a more natural form of wireless computing when people physically meet in the real world. We also validate the success of our proposal through several simulations and comparisons with a regular architecture, taking into account the optimization of the resources of the devices. Finally, we compare our proposal with other caching techniques published in the related literature. The proposal has been developed with the main objective of improving the communication and integration between different study centers of low-resource communities. That is, it lets communicate spontaneous networks, which are working collaboratively and which have been created on different physical places.Authors want to give thanks to the anonymous reviewers for their valuable suggestions, useful comments, and proofreading of this paper. This work was partially supported by the Ministerio de Educacion y Ciencia, Spain, under Grant no. TIN2008-06441-C02-01, and by the "Ayudas complementarias para proyectos de I+D para grupos de calidad de la Generalitat Valenciana" (ACOMP/2010/005).Lacuesta Gilaberte, R.; Lloret, J.; García Pineda, M.; Peñalver Herrero, ML. (2010). A spontaneous ad hoc network to share www access. 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