Industrial heritage for sustainable cities: proposals for the transformation of Istanbul’s Unkapanı Flour Mill

What are the ways that industrial heritage places are transformed, both considering their tangible and intangible values as well as their potential to achieve urban inclusivity, sustainability, circularity as well as public engagement? The present book is one of the outcomes of the inaugural program of NIT Urban Heritage Lab. Following an introduction on the course, its scope and aims, it showcases the four proposals that the participants of the Industrial Heritage for Sustainable Cities Course developed for the transformation of the Unkapanı Flour Mill. The proposals are original, thought-provoking and inspirational, while at the same time based on solid multi-disciplinary, collaborative work. So, they are perfect demonstrations of what NIT Urban Heritage Lab tries to achieve.Middle Eastern Studie

Against style: Re-reading "new architecture" in early republican period in Turkey (1931-1940)

Thesis (Doctoral)--İzmir Institute of Technology, Architecture, İzmir, 2011Includes bibliographical references (leaves: 187-199)Text in English; Abstract: Turkish and Englishxii, 199 leavesThis dissertation is intended as a contribution to the understanding of modernization in the early Republican period (ERP) architecture, namely including the neglected attitudes. It criticizes the stylistic periodizations such as "National Style" and "International Style" and rigid classifications such as classifications of Sedad Hakkı Eldem only as the forerunner of national architecture and Seyfi Arkan only as the forerunner of the international architecture in Turkey. This study aims to transcend these reified categories by presenting the varieties and contradictory approaches that existed in architectural theory and practice. This dissertation aims to develop a new reading of the ERP architecture by questioning the categories that were constructed by the first generation of architectural historians who produced their texts between 1973 and 1983. The main aim of this dissertation is to show simultaneous existence of different modernities in the ERP architecture. By revealing different understandings of new architecture in architectural theory, architectural pedagogy and architectural practice, this dissertation focuses on the heterogeneity of the architectural milieu. The first generation of architectural historians constructed the ERP architecture with Euro-centric set of theories, and with conventions such as categorizations and stylistic periodizations. They also read that periodʼs architecture within the frame of the nation-building process. In their texts, the architecture followed a linear and progressive modernization process, paralleling the nation-building process. By tracing the different understandings of modern architecture in architectural theory and tracing different tendencies of architects in architectural practice, this dissertation aims to question not only the categorizations and stylistic periodizations, but also this linear and progressive modernization ideal

Historical Arch Bridges-Deterioration and Restoration Techniques

Historic buildings are the most valuable evidence of cultural heritage. They play an essential role in establishing a tangible link between the past and the present by understanding, interpreting, and tracing the epoch of civilization. Unfortunately, the high costs of restoration, vandalism, and arson take their toll. However, new technologies are having a positive impact on the restoration process and are becoming a suitable alternative to labor-intensive, expensive, and unsafe traditional inspections. Therefore, the role of non-destructive testing (NDT) as a new method is becoming more evident. Faro laser scanning, impact echo, impulse sound testing, and geoelectric tomography as non-destructive methods are leading to the inspection of historic structures to preserve their character. These new methods are representative of the development of non-contact techniques for the examination and documentation of structures. Non-destructive testing examines the internal and external structure of complex building components as well as defective areas, quantifies cracks, and detects near-surface moisture. The objective of this work is to identify new adventurous and traditional methods for the reconstruction of the Turkish arch bridges Dara-1 and Halilviran to determine the appropriate rehabilitation methods and their deterioration of construction materials, damage, and failure patterns. Bridge dimensions were measured using a Faro laser scanner, which allows inspectors to capture and evaluate data from bridges and structural components without permanently altering them. The laser captures bridge dimensions by scanning cross-sections of the structure in the horizontal and vertical planes. The data is exported in the form of point clouds that represent all visible aspects and actual dimensions of the bridge in 2D and 3D models. In comparison between traditional and laser scanning methods, the main advantages of the applied method are the time savings on-site and the creation of a three-dimensional model of the structure, which can be used to collect precise and accurate surface data of objects in a non-destructive manner. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2023-09-07-010 Full Text: PD

Between being and becoming : identity, question of foreignness and the case of the Turkish house

Ankara : The Department of Interior Architecture and Environmental Design, İhsan Doğramacı Bilkent University, 2012.Thesis (Ph. D.) -- Bilkent University, 2012.Includes bibliographical references leaves 170-185.How were those narratives telling us about the Turkish House shaped? How did they come to contribute to the formation of our understanding of the history [and theory] of modern Turkish architecture? And respectively, how did they dominate our conception of modern Turkish identity? In light of these questions, this dissertation looks at the historiography of what is the so-called Turkish House as it emerged from Ottoman obscurity into the consciousness of the new Republic of Turkey, between the closing decades of the 19th century and the end of the 1930s. And, following the arguments of post-structuralist (architectural) theorists and the texts of the architectural historians in Turkey, this study intends to open up an ontological discussion around modern Turkish identity, and respectively around the Turkish House, as its architectural translation. Through looking at culturally and politically thick textual descriptions in journals, books, novels and stories; and visual representations in pictures, drawings, and architectural projects of the era, this study first of all underlines that idea/image of the Turkish House appeared and was formed as a response to the question of „foreignness‟. Then, from a de-constructive perspective, in order to challenge the term‟s de-facto usage, this study most productively brings the „foreign‟ voices of several architects - like Ernst Egli, Bruno Taut and Seyfi Arkan, who were practicing their designs in the late 1930s in Turkey- to the discussion, to reveal a more „dialogical‟, more „contingent‟, and more „pluralized‟ conception of the term modern, and to trace an alternative understanding of the Turkish House. Although in cultural and historical terms, the designs of these architects do not fit into the typological and stylistic principles of traditional dwelling forms, the works, which concentrates on not the „essential modern‟ character of the Turkish House, but the „inevitably national‟ character of modern house help us to position a more experimental, more spatial and more universalistic understanding of the Turkish House, rather than a stylistic, decorative, romantic, and culturally relativist one. In other words, through works, one can find a chance to shift from the morphological perspective of modern (and, of national); to show that the terms modern and national cannot be reduced into fixed architectural definitions; to portray a modern-national identity that is slippery, mobile, multiple, heterogeneous, incomplete, and subject to change; and more importantly, to surface an understanding of Turkish House not as a „thingness‟, as a being, but as a „movement‟, as a „becoming‟.Şumnu, UmutPh.D

Modelling daylight for preserving identity : simulation of daylight levels for successful intervention in historic buildings

Historical listed buildings have their own unique cultural identity, which is one of the criteria used by decision mechanisms for their statutory protection. The identity of many of these buildings is often related to their tangible features/components, such as period characteristics (geometry, size, colour, form, and shape), materials and construction. Daylight is one of the in/tangible elements that have contributed to the distinctiveness of many historical buildings, yet when constructing preservation schemes of historical buildings, daylight is rarely introduced or considered as one of the components that shape the character of buildings. One of the reasons is the limited number of credible simulation studies that identify such interrelationships. As many of these buildings were originally designed to accommodate different activities to today\u27s requirements, maintaining the quality of daylight that originally contributed to their visual identity can be a very challenging task, especially if the building is to be adapted to accommodate a different activity. In this paper we will discuss the conflict between maintaining the original visual identity of historical buildings and meeting the visual requirements of restored buildings. The paper discusses the visual performance of a traditional bathhouse (Hammam) in the city of Bursa in Turkey. The change in the visual performance of the selected case study will be discussed in terms of daylight conditions. The paper explores the possibility of maintaining the original daylight conditions of renovated historical buildings while meeting the visual requirements of the new use

Politics and identity in design: An analysis of two contemporary Cairene mosques

Forging a national identity has been an issue many Islamic nations have undergone and struggled with in the wake of a colonial era long established in the third world. The attempts at achieving such a goal have been varied, with many seeking to revive their pre-colonial past under new and modern implications. The success of such attempts has not yet yielded a satisfactory template that can be applied without question in one nation, let alone across the Islamic world. Nonetheless, such a quintessential conundrum has not hindered the building program of many nations, who are still striving to achieve their own building style that is a reflection of their history and national identity. Questions of architectural heritage, what aspects of the history held true to the nations\u27 identity, and which aspects were deliberately to be rejected all held an important role in shaping the end product devised by each nation, and all needed to be digested to fathom the national style they sought so ardently. The mosque in particular emerges as the explicit monument type due to its innately Islamic character. For this reason, this study is concerned with the nature of mosque building in the post-modern globalized commercial city fabric we actively partake in today. To remedy this disconnect and notable gap in their architecture, some nations, such as Turkey, undertook a secular national building program to highlight their modernity. Others took on the task of creating a bridge amongst Islamic nations and establishing communication between them by adopting an architecture that incorporated variant elements from different Islamic cultures, as seen in the Gulf states with their transnational mosques, as coined by Kishwar Rizvi. In Egypt, a movement returning to previous eras of glory was attempted with Neo-Mamluk architecture, along with attempts at channeling the long lost Pharaonic heritage, a movement that quickly faded. What, then, does contemporary mosque architecture reflect? What weight does patronage carry in the outcome of the building, and how much does it shape its conception? What of the users and how they participate in this dialogue, if at all? Ultimately, how successful was the mosque in reflecting an Islamic character, as well as being coherent with the nature and aspirations of the society? This thesis will conduct an analysis of two contemporary mosques in Cairo, assessing the impact of Islam on the nature and form of the built environment. The scope of the study of this thesis will be a) the description of two mosques in the area of New Cairo, as it is one of the most rapidly evolving sites of urban landscape in the capital, and b) the analysis of these monuments from the perspectives of the Modernist, Traditionalist, and Regionalist approaches, as well as measuring the buildings\u27 success with regard to serving the community. This will inevitably lead to the formulation of conclusions pertaining to the questions mentioned above. The selected mosques are chosen based on their representation of each of the two dominant divisions who chiefly sponsor building in Cairo today, namely the state (whether the government division of the Ministry of Interior, or the separate entity of the Military), and the private sector

Architectural Documentation Through Thick Description

Architectural documentation focuses on deconstructing the built environment in the form of two-dimensional measured drawings. Documentation activities, therefore, seem to be purely technical exercises that afford documenters the ability to collect metric data from architectural surfaces and then to transform field data into graphical representations. However, architectural documentation involves more than just the technical reproduction of a context as it involves an intellectual effort to thickly describe the socio-cultural heritage setting. During the process, documenters conduct an informed survey and bring all the knowledge with them in order to decode the cultural signifiers embedded in the architectural heritage. Discussing measured drawings as an interpretive account of the built environment and surveying practices as a means to acquire heritage information, this article examines architectural documentation through the lens of thick description

Uluslararası Gelenekten Geleceğe Konferansı: Mimaride Ahşap, Bildiri Kitabı

FSMVÜ Mimarlık ve Tasarım Fakültesi, 9-10 Mart 2022 tarihlerinde “Gelenekten Geleceğe Mimari” ana başlığı ile iki yılda bir düzenlenmesi planlanan konferans serisinin ilkini “Mimaride Ahşap” alt konu başlığı ile gerçekleştirmiştir. Fatih Sultan Mehmet Vakıf Üniversitesi çok disiplinli araştırmalar ile medeniyet değerlerimiz ışığında bilim ve sanat dünyasına özgün katkılar sağlamayı kendisine misyon edinmiştir. Mimarlık ve Tasarım Fakültesi Mimarlık, İç Mimarlık ve Kültür Varlıklarını Koruma ve Onarım bölümleri üniversitenin vizyon ve misyonu ile paralel bir eğitim anlayışı ile eğitim faaliyetlerini sürdürmektedir. FSMVÜ Mimarlık ve Tasarım Fakültesi farklı üniversiteler ile işbirliği yapmanın nitelikli araştırma ve geliştirme çalışmaları yapılabilmesi için gerekli olduğunu düşünmektedir. Bu nedenle konferans serisinin ilk konferansı Semerkant Mimarlık ve İnşaat Mühendisliği Devlet Enstitüsü, Uluslararası Saraybosna Üniversitesi Mimarlık Fakültesi ve Endonezya İslam Üniversitesi Mimarlık Fakültesi işbirliği ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Gerçekleşen bu işbirliği neticesinde 14 farklı üniversiteden 40 bildiri ile 70 araştırmacı konferansımıza katılım göstermiştir. Konferansımıza yurtdışından 18 bildiri ile toplam 32 araştırmacı katılım göstermiştir. Uluslararası işbirlikleri için bu katılımın önümüzdeki yıllarda gerçekleşecek konferanslarda artması arzu edilmektedir

A comparative study on the works of German expatriate architects in their home-land and in Turkey during the period of 1927-1950

Thesis (Doctoral)--İzmir Institute of Technology, Architecture, İzmir, 2007Includes bibliographical references (leaves: 285-303)Text in English;Abstract: Turkish and Englishxxi, 322 leavesThis thesis studies the professional activities of the German architects in the first half of the 20th Century who have worked as expatriate architects in the newly founded Turkish Republic before and after their arrival in Turkey. The aim of the thesis is to elucidate the effects and interactions of environmental and personal factors which impacted the architectural approaches of the German architects in the Turkish context. Due to the extensive emigration movement from Germany caused by the National Socialist Government after 1933, Mid-European Modern Architecture has detached from its original context and spread throughout the world. The relocation of experienced architects to a new geographical setting, in this case the newly founded Turkish Republic, has provided means for novel experiences and applications. How these architects diversified and progressed under the prevailing multidimensional conditions have been discussed in the light of the unique opportunities and restrictions specific to the Turkish context. The first chapter of the thesis is introductory; the second chapter depicts the architectural milieu in Germany at the beginning of the 20th century and the activities of the German architects who have later come to Turkey. The third and fourth chapters investigate the professional careers of the German architects with emphasis given to the evolution observed in their architectural approaches specifically in the reformist attitudes they introduced to education, and in their architectural designs for the Turkish context. The fifth chapter is the conclusion. Keywords: Exile German Architects, Architecture in Turkey in the Early Republican Period, Bruno Taut, Paul Bonatz, Margarete Schütte-Lihotzky, Hans Poelzig, Wilhelm Schütte, Martin Elsaesser, Robert Vorhölze