Middleware Technologies for Cloud of Things - a survey

The next wave of communication and applications rely on the new services provided by Internet of Things which is becoming an important aspect in human and machines future. The IoT services are a key solution for providing smart environments in homes, buildings and cities. In the era of a massive number of connected things and objects with a high grow rate, several challenges have been raised such as management, aggregation and storage for big produced data. In order to tackle some of these issues, cloud computing emerged to IoT as Cloud of Things (CoT) which provides virtually unlimited cloud services to enhance the large scale IoT platforms. There are several factors to be considered in design and implementation of a CoT platform. One of the most important and challenging problems is the heterogeneity of different objects. This problem can be addressed by deploying suitable "Middleware". Middleware sits between things and applications that make a reliable platform for communication among things with different interfaces, operating systems, and architectures. The main aim of this paper is to study the middleware technologies for CoT. Toward this end, we first present the main features and characteristics of middlewares. Next we study different architecture styles and service domains. Then we presents several middlewares that are suitable for CoT based platforms and lastly a list of current challenges and issues in design of CoT based middlewares is discussed.Comment: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352864817301268, Digital Communications and Networks, Elsevier (2017

Middleware Technologies for Cloud of Things - a survey

The next wave of communication and applications rely on the new services provided by Internet of Things which is becoming an important aspect in human and machines future. The IoT services are a key solution for providing smart environments in homes, buildings and cities. In the era of a massive number of connected things and objects with a high grow rate, several challenges have been raised such as management, aggregation and storage for big produced data. In order to tackle some of these issues, cloud computing emerged to IoT as Cloud of Things (CoT) which provides virtually unlimited cloud services to enhance the large scale IoT platforms. There are several factors to be considered in design and implementation of a CoT platform. One of the most important and challenging problems is the heterogeneity of different objects. This problem can be addressed by deploying suitable "Middleware". Middleware sits between things and applications that make a reliable platform for communication among things with different interfaces, operating systems, and architectures. The main aim of this paper is to study the middleware technologies for CoT. Toward this end, we first present the main features and characteristics of middlewares. Next we study different architecture styles and service domains. Then we presents several middlewares that are suitable for CoT based platforms and lastly a list of current challenges and issues in design of CoT based middlewares is discussed.Comment: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352864817301268, Digital Communications and Networks, Elsevier (2017

Rancang Bangun Desain Internet Of Things untuk Pemantauan Kualitas Udara pada Studi Kasus Polusi Udara

Build, design and develop an Internet of Things design to monitor air quality in thewild with air pollution case studies. By utilizing the ESP-8266 type wifi modulemicrocontroller as the control center for the devices built by adding an IC4051 AnalogMultiplexer as a branching process from 1 analog channel to 7 analog channels. There are5 sensors used, namely CO (MQ-7), CO2 (Analog Infrared CO2), Dust Sensors (PM10),DHT-11 (Temperature & Humidity) and Wind speed & direction. Data recording locationand data monitoring using third party protocol, namely Ubidots.The research was conducted in 2 different locations with the time determined, namelyin the area of the UPR Informatics Engineering Department area and also in the village ofTanjung Taruna, Jabiren Raya District, Pulang Pisau Regency along with the Team of theKopernik Bali Foundation.The results of the study will be analyzed using the AQI (Air Quality Index) standardwhich is also the same as that of the BMKG as an air quality index index. By using realtimeinternet of things technology, it can make it easy to get information about the level of airquality in the wild quickly, efficiently, and the monitoring process can be done anywhereand anytime

Criteria Catalog for Industrial IoT Platforms from the Perspective of the Machine Tool Industry

Through providing digital services, machine tool manufacturing companies can address the customer demands for individual solutions and the increasing cost pressure. Applications are one way to provide these digital services, running on smart machine tools connected to software systems, known as industrial Internet of Things (iIoT) platforms. Despite the growing potential of iIoT platforms in the provision of industrial digital services and the increasing awareness of the platform approach among manufacturing companies, lack of requirements makes the platform challengeable for machine tool companies. Moreover, the domain specific industrial application of platforms has been limitedly researched, indicating a possible research gap. This paper presents a literature-based research on requirements for iIoT platforms, followed by the solution-oriented metrics, to fulfill each requirement. Together, the requirements and metrics form a structured criteria catalog for iIoT platforms, which can be used as a decision support tool for the machine tool industry

RANCANG BANGUN DESAIN INTERNET OF THINGS UNTUK PEMANTAUAN KUALITAS UDARA PADA STUDI KASUS POLUSI UDARA

Build, design and develop an Internet of Things design to monitor air quality in thewild with air pollution case studies. By utilizing the ESP-8266 type wifi modulemicrocontroller as the control center for the devices built by adding an IC4051 AnalogMultiplexer as a branching process from 1 analog channel to 7 analog channels. There are5 sensors used, namely CO (MQ-7), CO2 (Analog Infrared CO2), Dust Sensors (PM10),DHT-11 (Temperature & Humidity) and Wind speed & direction. Data recording locationand data monitoring using third party protocol, namely Ubidots.The research was conducted in 2 different locations with the time determined, namelyin the area of the UPR Informatics Engineering Department area and also in the village ofTanjung Taruna, Jabiren Raya District, Pulang Pisau Regency along with the Team of theKopernik Bali Foundation.The results of the study will be analyzed using the AQI (Air Quality Index) standardwhich is also the same as that of the BMKG as an air quality index index. By using realtimeinternet of things technology, it can make it easy to get information about the level of airquality in the wild quickly, efficiently, and the monitoring process can be done anywhereand anytime

IoT Middleware Platforms for Smart Energy Systems: An Empirical Expert Survey

Middleware platforms are key technology in any Internet of Things (IoT) system, considering their role in managing the intermediary communications between devices and applications. In the energy sector, it has been shown that IoT devices enable the integration of all network assets to one large distributed system. This comes with significant benefits, such as improving energy efficiency, boosting the generation of renewable energy, reducing maintenance costs and increasing comfort. Various existing IoT middlware solutions encounter several problems that limit their performance, such as vendor locks. Hence, this paper presents a literature review and an expert survey on IoT middleware platforms in energy systems, in order to provide a set of tools and functionalities to be supported by any future efficient, flexible and interoperable IoT middleware considering the market needs. The analysis of the results shows that experts currently use the IoT middleware mainly to deploy services such as visualization, monitoring and benchmarking of energy consumption, and energy optimization is considered as a future application to target. Likewise, non-functional requirements, such as security and privacy, play vital roles in the IoT platforms’ performances

IoT DEVICE MANAGEMENT AND CONFIGURATION

As the number of IoT devices grows, the management and configuration of IoT devices becomes crucial in resource constraint networks. It is hard to manage and configure a large amount of heterogeneous resource constraint IoT devices because people need to know how they connect to each other, what internet-enabled services are available to provide, and how people interact with things through the internet. The thing-centric approach focuses on user experience when engaging things, but the cloud- centric approach switch the focus to IoT services that can process data streams collected from things and applications that help get people joined in the IoT world. To manage IoT populations effectively in a centralized manner, not only does it mean that moving computational power closer to the edge is a way to reduce bandwidth and latency, but it also implies that it is necessary to build an architecture which can scale and manage tons of connected devices by a uniform interface. In particular, RESTful Web services can provide a uniform interface that operates resources by HTTP methods. For example, users can read and write data by a uniform interface, and a flowerpot can write data and be triggered to water plants by a uniform interface. Thus, in the scope of IoT, embedded middleware can implement uniform interface by REST model. Virtualizing physical things has emerged as a design pattern to build IoT systems. Resource less constraint devices are capable of being virtualized with enough CPU power, memory, networking, but they are more expensive and power consuming. However, resource highly constraint devices take advantage of low energy consumption and cheaper price, but they cannot be virtualized because they do not have ability to even run a single multi-threaded program. Therefore, it is very important to select the right platforms for the right roles. In our case, we use Raspberry Pi 3 as a middleware and Nordic nRF52832 as a BLE endpoint. In this thesis, a REST-based IoT management system based on Service-Oriented Architecture is built, and the performance of the system has been tested, including the response time of HTTP GET and POST requests of the centralized server in a Fog domain and a script engine onto a BLE-enabled endpoint