Zukunft der Arbeit in Industrie 4.0

Industrial and Production Engineering; Robotics and Automation; Engineering Economics, Organization, Logistics, Marketing; Manufacturing, Machines, Tools; Information Systems Applications (incl. Internet

State estimation and detection of changes in time interval models

This paper presents an estimation approach for Time Event Graphs such as P-Time Event Graphs and Time Stream Event Graphs. It is assumed that the nominal behavior is known and that transitions are partitioned as observable and unobservable transitions. The technique is applied to the detection of changes which are (possibly small) finite variations of dynamic models compared to this nominal behavior. The detected changes provide indications that can be used in future maintenance operations. Using the algebra of dioids, the approach uses a receding-horizon estimation of the greatest state and analyzes the consistency of the data

Technology and the economy

Overview of economics of innovatio

A review on micro-manufacturing, microforming and their key issues

Micro-manufacturing has received good attention globally in terms of its manufacturing methods/processes. One of the most popular micro-manufacturing processes is micro-forming. Many efforts have been focused on micro-forming, mainly on the micro-stamping process due to the process itself contributing numerous products, especially in its conventional macro-process. Most every-day products are made by this process. Although there were efforts made to realize micro-forming for industrial application, the technology itself was seen as being insufficiently mature. Much development work needed to be done, specifically to develop a fully-automated high-volume production micro-forming machine, which is reliable and at all times ready for operation in terms of it processes, tooling, and material-handling to ensure the successful production of micro-products. The paper addresses key issues encountered by researchers worldwide on both micro-manufacturing, specifically micro-forming

Predictive control of Timed Event Graphs with specifications defined by P-time Event Graphs

The aim of this paper is the predictive control of Timed Event Graphs with specifications defined by P-time Event Graphs. We propose a fixed-point approach which leads to a pseudo-polynomial algorithm. As the performance of the algorithm is crucial in on-line control, we highlight an important case where the resolution of this first algorithm is efficient. The second technique is a space controller on a horizon leading to a strongly polynomial algorithm

An eXtended Manufacturing Integrated System for feature based manufacturing with STEP-NC

International audienceCNC feature-based programming with STEP-NC standard extends the collaborative model of manufacturing data exchange all along the numerical data chain. This paper considers the mutations related to this approach from the manufacturing system level to the industrial enterprise as a whole. The eXtended Manufacturing Integrated System concept is introduced to fill in the gap of the current manufacturing data exchange bottleneck. It is composed of eXtended CAD and eXtended CNC systems to link the CAD model to the real machined part through the Manufacturing Information Pipeline. The contributions associated with these concepts are demonstrated through a validation platform implemented on industrial CNC manufacturing equipments

Education Needs Assessment for the City of Louga, Senegal

This needs assessment evaluates progress made by the city of Louga, Senegal, towards the attainment of the education-related Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). It analyzes the current situation and presents the results of a costing exercise conducted by Millennium Cities Initiative (MCI) and the mayor's office in the city of Louga. The education sector in Louga is constantly evolving, with significant recent progress. The number of students and teachers has increased, with the primary school gross enrollment rate (GER) growing from 100 to 122 percent between 2002 and 2009. Disparities between girls' and boys' enrollment are also decreasing. The municipality recently identified several neighborhoods in need of educational improvements, including Montagne Nord, Artillerie Nord, Keur Serigne Louga Est and Santhiaba Nord. The city's suggestions include building 18 classrooms, rehabilitating schools and providing learning materials. The goal is to ensure that all the children in Louga have access to education and complete five or six years of quality primary education by 2015. The lack of financial resources, as well as insufficient schools, classrooms, books and water points are the main constraints on achieving universal primary education by 2015. Some public schools are still relying on temporary shelters--makeshift classrooms often made of thatched straw and tree branches--until permanent classrooms are built. Despite collaborative efforts undertaken by the central government and local authorities, classrooms, as well as administrative and staff units require rehabilitation, and separate bathrooms for girls and boys need to be built. Although several secondary schools have been built in recent years, enrollments have not increased significantly, leaving this as an ongoing challenge. Education quality and internal efficiency also need to improve. Teachers are not properly trained, not well paid, and repetition and drop-out rates remain high. Many primary schools students are therefore poorly educated, and some do not complete the primary school cycle. The results from the needs and costs assessment model utilized in this assessment show that an annual per capita investment of $30 (15,165 CFA) between 2012 and 2015 can help the city of Louga to achieve education-related Millennium Development Goals by 2015. This report is divided in three sections. The first, a general description of the education system in Louga and Senegal, also defines the objectives, methodology and limitations of this needs assessment. The second section analyzes the data collected in the field and from city and national publications. The third section presents the costs of the interventions necessary to achieve the education-related MDGs, and the fourth section offers MCI's conclusions and recommendations

Democratic manufacturing: a student manufactured and operated 3D printer farm

The DIY movement goes back to the late 60’s and started the trend of shared tools as a reaction to the lack of skills and education on how things are made; this resulted in an increased awareness of democratic manufacturing resources and facilities, especially makerspaces and hackspaces, innovation labs, 3D printer farms etc. At Nottingham Trent University (NTU), we have observed an increase in students choosing to study Product Design thus increasing pressure on workshop/manufacturing spaces, especially automated manufacturing resources such as 3D Printers. Subsequently, the maker experiences students have been experiencing within the workshop environment temporarily lessened to ensure the needs of our rapidly increasing student cohorts are catered for. This paper explores how democratic technologies and manufacturing tools have overcome this issue by enabling designers, makers, and hobbyists to increase their access to facilities within the Product Design Department at NTU. This paper explores/reflects on the initial development of a 3D printer farm located in a product design studio where a group of sixty-nine students manufactured/assembled eighteen Creality CR-10S 3D printers. The success of the initial student led democratic manufacturing project resulted in ADBE developing a second 3D printer farm in a second product design studio consisting of a further eight Creality CR-10S V3 3D printers. The 3D printer farms are now complimented by a blended induction allowing for student independent use of the resource. Student feedback is also presented regarding the blended induction to ascertain knowledge acquisition and confidence on using the resources independently