Maintenance of Spatial Queries on Continuously Moving Points

Cars, aircraft, mobile cell phones, ships, tanks, and mobile robots all have the common property that they are moving objects. A kinematic representation can be used to describe the location of these objects as a function of time. For example, a moving point can be represented by the linear function p(t) = x_0 + (t - t_0)v, where x_0 is the start location, t_0 is the start time, and v is its velocity vector. Instead of storing the location of the object at a given time in a database, the coefficients of the function are stored. When an object's behavior changes enough that the function describing its location is no longer accurate, the function coefficients for the object are updated.Because the objects are represented as a function of time, spatial query results can change even when no transactions update the database. Our hypothesis is that algorithms for the maintenance of spatial queries on kinematic point data types can be developed to support updates to base relations as time advances that are more efficient than straight forward adaptations of previous work. We present algorithms to maintain k-nearest neighbor, spatial join, and spatial semijoin queries in this domain. We compare by experimentation these new algorithms to more straight forward adaptations of previous work to support updates. Experiments are conducted using synthetic uniformly distributed data, and real aircraft flight data. The primary metric of comparison is the number of I/O disk accesses needed to maintain the query results and supporting data structures. A system to query and visualize results on moving object data, in a client-server environment, is also presented. The work presented here is built upon a culmination of our previously published work, including work on continuously moving point queries [35, 36], and client-server systems [31, 33, 34]

Histogram techniques for cost estimation in query optimization.

Yu Xiaohui.Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2001.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 98-115).Abstracts in English and Chinese.Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1Chapter 2 --- Related Work --- p.6Chapter 2.1 --- Query Optimization --- p.6Chapter 2.2 --- Query Rewriting --- p.8Chapter 2.2.1 --- Optimizing Multi-Block Queries --- p.8Chapter 2.2.2 --- Semantic Query Optimization --- p.13Chapter 2.2.3 --- Query Rewriting in Starburst --- p.15Chapter 2.3 --- Plan Generation --- p.16Chapter 2.3.1 --- Dynamic Programming Approach --- p.16Chapter 2.3.2 --- Join Query Processing --- p.17Chapter 2.3.3 --- Queries with Aggregates --- p.23Chapter 2.4 --- Statistics and Cost Estimation --- p.24Chapter 2.5 --- Histogram Techniques --- p.27Chapter 2.5.1 --- Definitions --- p.28Chapter 2.5.2 --- Trivial Histograms --- p.29Chapter 2.5.3 --- Heuristic-based Histograms --- p.29Chapter 2.5.4 --- V-Optimal Histograms --- p.32Chapter 2.5.5 --- Wavelet-based Histograms --- p.35Chapter 2.5.6 --- Multidimensional Histograms --- p.35Chapter 2.5.7 --- Global Histograms --- p.37Chapter 3 --- New Histogram Techniques --- p.39Chapter 3.1 --- Piecewise Linear Histograms --- p.39Chapter 3.1.1 --- Construction --- p.41Chapter 3.1.2 --- Usage --- p.43Chapter 3.1.3 --- Error Measures --- p.43Chapter 3.1.4 --- Experiments --- p.45Chapter 3.1.5 --- Conclusion --- p.51Chapter 3.2 --- A-Optimal Histograms --- p.54Chapter 3.2.1 --- A-Optimal(mean) Histograms --- p.56Chapter 3.2.2 --- A-Optimal(median) Histograms --- p.58Chapter 3.2.3 --- A-Optimal(median-cf) Histograms --- p.59Chapter 3.2.4 --- Experiments --- p.60Chapter 4 --- Global Histograms --- p.64Chapter 4.1 --- Wavelet-based Global Histograms --- p.65Chapter 4.1.1 --- Wavelet-based Global Histograms I --- p.66Chapter 4.1.2 --- Wavelet-based Global Histograms II --- p.68Chapter 4.2 --- Piecewise Linear Global Histograms --- p.70Chapter 4.3 --- A-Optimal Global Histograms --- p.72Chapter 4.3.1 --- Experiments --- p.74Chapter 5 --- Dynamic Maintenance --- p.81Chapter 5.1 --- Problem Definition --- p.83Chapter 5.2 --- Refining Bucket Coefficients --- p.84Chapter 5.3 --- Restructuring --- p.86Chapter 5.4 --- Experiments --- p.91Chapter 6 --- Conclusions --- p.95Bibliography --- p.9

Content And Multimedia Database Management Systems

A database management system is a general-purpose software system that facilitates the processes of defining, constructing, and manipulating databases for various applications. The main characteristic of the ‘database approach’ is that it increases the value of data by its emphasis on data independence. DBMSs, and in particular those based on the relational data model, have been very successful at the management of administrative data in the business domain. This thesis has investigated data management in multimedia digital libraries, and its implications on the design of database management systems. The main problem of multimedia data management is providing access to the stored objects. The content structure of administrative data is easily represented in alphanumeric values. Thus, database technology has primarily focused on handling the objects’ logical structure. In the case of multimedia data, representation of content is far from trivial though, and not supported by current database management systems

An Introduction to Database Systems

This textbook introduces the basic concepts of database systems. These concepts are presented through numerous examples in modeling and design. The material in this book is geared to an introductory course in database systems offered at the junior or senior level of Computer Science. It could also be used in a first year graduate course in database systems, focusing on a selection of the advanced topics in the latter chapters

Latency-bandwidth tradeoffs in Internet applications

Wide-area Internet links are slow, expensive, and unreliable. This affects applications in two distinct ways. Back-end data processing applications, which need to transfer large amounts of data between data centers across the world, are primarily constrained by the limited capacity of Internet links. Front-end user facing applications, on the other hand, are primarily latency-sensitive, and are bottlenecked by the high, unpredictably variable delays in the wide-area network. Our work exploits this asymmetry in applications' requirements by developing techniques that trade off one of bandwidth and latency to improve the other. We first consider the problem of supporting analytics over the large volumes of geographically dispersed data produced by global-scale organizations. Current solutions for analyzing this data as a whole operate by copying it to a single central data center, an approach that incurs substantial data transfer costs. We instead propose an alternative geo-distributed approach, orchestrating distributed execution across data centers. Our system, Geode, incorporates two key optimizations --- a low-level syntactic network redundancy elimination mechanism, and a high-level semantically aware workload optimization process --- both of which operate by trading off increased processing overhead (and computation latency) within data centers for a reduction in cross-data center bandwidth usage. In experiments we find that Geode achieves an up to 360x cost reduction compared to the current centralized baseline on a range of workloads, both real and synthetic. Next, we evaluate a simple, general purpose technique for trading off bandwidth for reduced latency: initiate redundant copies of latency sensitive operations and take the first copy to complete. While redundancy has been explored in some past systems, its use is typically avoided because of a fear of the overhead that it adds. We study the latency-bandwidth tradeoff due to redundancy and (i) show via empirical evaluation that its use is indeed a net positive in a number of important applications, and (ii) provide a theoretical characterization of its effect, identifying when it should and should not be used and how systems can tune their use of redundancy to maximum effect. Our results suggest that redundancy should be used much more widely than it currently is

Information resources management, 1984-1989: A bibliography with indexes

This bibliography contains 768 annotated references to reports and journal articles entered into the NASA scientific and technical information database 1984 to 1989