Semilocal Convergence of the Extension of Chun's Method

[EN] In this work, we use the technique of recurrence relations to prove the semilocal convergence in Banach spaces of the multidimensional extension of Chun's iterative method. This is an iterative method of fourth order, that can be transferred to the multivariable case by using the divided difference operator. We obtain the domain of existence and uniqueness by taking a suitable starting point and imposing a Lipschitz condition to the first Frechet derivative in the whole domain. Moreover, we apply the theoretical results obtained to a nonlinear integral equation of Hammerstein type, showing the applicability of our results.This research was supported by PGC2018-095896-B-C22 (MCIU/AEI/FEDER, UE) and FONDOCYT 027-2018 Republica Dominicana.Cordero Barbero, A.; Maimó, JG.; Martínez Molada, E.; Torregrosa Sánchez, JR.; Vassileva, MP. (2021). Semilocal Convergence of the Extension of Chun's Method. Axioms. 10(3):1-11. https://doi.org/10.3390/axioms10030161S11110

On the semilocal convergence of derivative free methods for solving nonlinear equations

We introduce a Derivative Free Method (DFM) for solving nonlinear equations in a Banach space setting. We provide a semilocal convergence analysis for DFM using recurrence relations. Numerical examples validating our theoretical results are also provided in this study to show that DFM is faster than other derivative free methods [9] using similar information

High Performance Multidimensional Iterative Processes for Solving Nonlinear Equations

[ES] En gran cantidad de problemas de la matemática aplicada, existe la necesidad de resolver ecuaciones y sistemas no lineales, dado que numerosos problemas, finalmente, se reducen a estos. Conforme aumenta la dificultad de los sistemas, la obtención de la solución analítica se vuelve más compleja. Además, con el aumento de las herramientas computacionales, las dimensiones de los problemas a resolver han crecido de manera exponencial, por lo que se vuelve más necesario obtener una aproximación a la solución de manera sencilla y que no requiera mucho tiempo y coste computacional. Esta es una de las razones por las que los métodos iterativos han aumentado su importancia en los últimos años, ya que se han diseñado multitud de procesos con el fin de que converjan rápidamente a la solución y, de esta forma, poder resolver problemas que con las herramientas clásicas resultaría más costoso. La presente Tesis Doctoral, se centra en estudiar y diseñar numerosos métodos iterativos que mejoren a los esquemas clásicos en cuanto a su orden de convergencia, accesibilidad, cantidad de soluciones que obtienen o aplicabilidad a problemas con características especiales, como la no diferenciabilidad o la multiplicidad de las raíces. Entre los procesos que se estudian en esta memoria, se pueden encontrar desde una familia de métodos multipaso óptimos para la resolución de ecuaciones, hasta una familia paramétrica libre de derivadas de esquemas con función peso a la que se introduce memoria para la resolución de sistemas no lineales. Se destacan otros métodos en esta memoria como esquemas iterativos que obtienen raíces con diversas multiplicidades para ecuaciones y procesos que aproximan raíces de forma simultánea, tanto para ecuaciones como para sistemas, y, tanto para raíces simples como para múltiples. Además, parte de esta memoria se centra en cómo realizar el análisis dinámico para métodos iterativos con memoria que resuelven sistemas de ecuaciones no lineales, a la par que se realiza dicho estudio para diversos esquemas iterativos conocidos. Este análisis dinámico permite visualizar y analizar los posibles comportamientos de los procesos iterativos en función de las aproximaciones iniciales. Los resultados anteriormente descritos forman parte de esta Tesis Doctoral para la obtención del título de Doctora en Matemáticas.[CA] En gran quantitat de problemes de la matemàtica aplicada, existeix la necessitat de resoldre equacions i sistemes no lineals, atés que nombrosos problemes, finalment, es redueixen a aquests. Conforme augmenta la dificultat dels sistemes, l'obtenció de la solució analítica es torna més complexa. A més, amb l'augment de les eines computacionals, les dimensions dels problemes a resoldre han crescut de manera exponencial, per la qual cosa es torna més necessari obtindre una aproximació a la solució de manera senzilla i que no requerisca molt temps i cost computacional. Aquesta és una de les raons per les quals els mètodes iteratius han augmentat la seua importància en els últims anys, ja que s'han dissenyat multitud de processos amb la finalitat que convergisquen ràpidament a la solució i, d'aquesta manera, poder resoldre problemes que amb les eines clàssiques resultaria més costós. La present Tesi Doctoral, es centra en estudiar i dissenyar nombrosos mètodes iteratius que milloren als esquemes clàssics en quant al seu ordre de convergència, accessibilitat, quantitat de solucions que obtenen o aplicabilitat a problemes amb característiques especials, com la no diferenciabilitat o la multiplicitat de les arrels. Entre els processos que s'estudien en aquesta memòria, es poden trobar des d'una família de mètodes multipas òptims per a la resolució d'equacions, fins a una família paramètrica lliure de derivades de esquemes amb funció pes a la que s'introdueix memòria per a la resolució de sistemes no lineals. Es destanquen altres mètodes en aquesta memòria com esquemes iteratius que obtenen arrels amb diverses multiplicitats per a equacions i processos que aproximen arrels de manera simultània, tant per a equacions com per a sistemes, i, tant per a arrels simples com per a múltiples. A més, part d'aquesta memòria es centra en com realitzar l'anàlisi dinàmic per a mètodes iteratius amb memòria que resolen sistemes d'equacions no lineals, al mateix temps que es realitza aquest estudi per a diversos esquemes iteratius coneguts. Aquest anàlisi dinàmic permet visualitzar i analitzar els possibles comportaments dels mètodes iteratius en funció de les aproximacions inicials. Els resultats anteriorment descrits formen part d'aquesta Tesi Doctoral per a l'obtenció del títol de Doctora en Matemàtiques.[EN] In a large number of problems in applied mathematics, there is a need to solve nonlinear equations and systems, since many problems eventually are reduced to these. As the difficulty of the systems increases, obtaining the analytical solution becomes more complex. Furthermore, with the growth of computational tools, the dimensions of the problems to be solved have increased exponentially, making it more essential to obtain an approximation to the solution in a simple way that does not require significant time and computational cost. That is one of the reasons why iterative methods have increased their importance in recent years, as a multitude of schemes have been designed to converge rapidly to the solution and, in this way, to be able to solve problems that would be more arduous to solve using classical tools. This Doctoral Thesis focuses on the study and design of numerous iterative methods that improve classical schemes in terms of their order of convergence, accessibility, number of solutions obtained or applicability to problems with special characteristics, such as non-differentiability or multiplicity of roots. The procedures studied in this report range from a family of optimal multi-step methods for solving equations, to a parametric derivative-free family of weight function schemes, to which memory is introduced for solving nonlinear systems. Additional procedures are described in this report such as iterative schemes that obtain roots with different multiplicities for equations and methods that approximate roots simultaneously for equations as well as for systems, and for simple as well as for multiples roots. In addition, part of this report focuses on how to perform the dynamical analysis for iterative schemes with memory that solve systems of nonlinear equations, as well as this study is carried out for different known iterative procedures. This dynamical analysis allows us to visualise and analyse the possible behaviours of the iterative methods depending on the initial approximations. The results described above form part of this Doctoral Thesis to obtain the title of Doctor in Mathematics.Triguero Navarro, P. (2023). High Performance Multidimensional Iterative Processes for Solving Nonlinear Equations [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/19426

Generalized Newton’s method for solving nonlinear and nondifferentiable algebraic systems

In this paper a model based on non-smooth equations is proposed for solving a non-linear and non-differential equation obtained by discretization of a quasi-variational inequality that models the frictional contact problem. The main aim of this paper is to show that the Newton method based on the plenary hull of the Clarke generalized Jacobians (the non-smooth damped Newton method) can be implemented for solving Lipschitz non-smooth equation

Convergence of a Two-Step Iterative Method for Nondifferentiable Operators in Banach Spaces

[EN] Thesemilocal and local convergence analyses of a two-step iterative method for nonlinear nondifferentiable operators are described in Banach spaces. The recurrence relations are derived under weaker conditions on the operator. For semilocal convergence, the domain of the parameters is obtained to ensure guaranteed convergence under suitable initial approximations. The applicability of local convergence is extended as the differentiability condition on the involved operator is avoided. The region of accessibility and a way to enlarge the convergence domain are provided. Theorems are given for the existence-uniqueness balls enclosing the unique solution. Finally, some numerical examples including nonlinear Hammerstein type integral equations are worked out to validate the theoretical results.This research was supported in part by the project of Generalitat Valenciana Prometeo/2016/089 and MTM2014-52016-C2-2-P of the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation.Kumar, A.; Gupta, D.; Martínez Molada, E.; Singh, S. (2018). Convergence of a Two-Step Iterative Method for Nondifferentiable Operators in Banach Spaces. Complexity. 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/7352780S11

Models of stress at mid-ocean ridges and their offsets

This thesis aims to investigate the stresses at mid-ocean ridge offsets, and particularly at the particular class of offsets represented by oceanic microplates. Amongthese, the Easter microplate is one of the best surveyed. This thesis first studies the stress field associated with mid-ocean ridges and simple types of ridge offsets, and then uses the stress field observed at Easter to constrain the driving mechanism of microplates. Two-dimensional finite element modelling is used to predict the lithospheric stress indicators, which are then compared with observations. Extensional structures at high angles (> 35 ) to ridge trends are often observed at ridge-transform intersections and non-tranform offsets, but remained unexplained until now. This study proposes that the topographic loading created by the elevation of mid-ocean ridges relative to old seafloor is a source of ridge parallel tensile stresses, and shows they can be explained by the rotation of ridge parallel tensile stresses at locked offsets. The elasto-plastic rheology is used to investigate the evolution of normal faults near mid-ocean ridges. It is shown that variations in the lithospheric strength, caused entirely by variations in the brittle layer thickness, can account for the observed variations in fault character with spreading rate and along-axis position. Plasticity is shown to prevent the achievement of large fault throws in thin brittle layers. Consequently, it may be important at fast spreading ridges. A new dynamic model is proposed for Easter microplate. It mainly consists of: 1) driving forces along the East and West Rifts, resulting from the combination of a regional tensile stress with an increasing ridge strength towards rift tips, 2) mantle basal drag resisting the microplate rotation, and contributing with less than 20% to the total resisting torque, and 3) resisting forces along the northern and southern boundaries. To explain both the earthquake focal mechanism evidence and theexistence of compressional ridges in the Nazca plate, the boundary conditions alongthe northern boundary are required to change with time, from completely locked tolocked in the normal direction only. This study does not invalidate the microplate kinematic model proposed by Schouten et al. (1993), but shows that normal resisting forces along the northern and southern boundaries of Easter microplate must exist in order to explain the stress observations. Also, it suggests that ridge strength variations play an important role in the dyamics of mid-ocean ridge overlap regions

Geophysics for Mineral Exploration

This Special Issue contains ten papers which focus on emerging geophysical techniques for mineral exploration, novel modeling, and interpretation methods, including joint inversions of multi physics data, and challenging case studies. The papers cover a wide range of mineral deposits, including banded iron formations, epithermal gold–silver–copper–iron–molybdenum deposits, iron-oxide–copper–gold deposits, and prospecting forgroundwater resources