Speech Acts of Classroom Interaction

Speech acts of classroom interaction have been an interesting topic both in ESL and EFL context. Little research, however, has been held in analyzing speech acts of classroom interaction and its relation to strategies used in EFL context. This paper aims at investigating the types and frequency of speech acts performed in terms of teacher-student interactions. It also focuses on analyzing strategies used by teachers and students in performing the illocutionary act of imperatives. Qualitative method is used by means of mixed pragmatic-discourse approach. The data were collected through observation and recording. Three English teachers and 30 male students grade IX of MTs NW Putra Nurul Haramain are participants for gathering the data. The study reveals that four types of speech acts performed are imperatives, assertive, expressions, and commissives. Of those speech acts performed, the very dominant type of speech acts performed, about 120 acts or 43% is imperatives.  Assertions about 117 acts or 42% are dominant acts.  Expressions about 34 acts or 12% area less dominant category and Commissives about 7 or 2,5% are not dominant. In relation to strategies used in realization of imperatives, the study recognizes that requests as strategies used in realization of request are (a) formal completeness (propositional completeness and modification), (b) level of directness (mood derivable, performative, hedged performative, locution derivable, and conventionally indirect), (c) point of views, (d) context, and (e) mood. The study reveals that imperatives as the most type of illocutionary act performed in classroom interaction. Furthermore, it also indicates the lack of students' pragmatic competence in performing such an act. For that reason, teachers need to expose the learners with communication strategies in order to speak accurately and appropriately in different context. It needs a further study about pragmatic competence needed in EFL context and material designs for teaching such competences

Speech Acts Performed by Voldemort within the Movie “Harry Potter: The Deathly Hollows Part I”: Types and Translation Strategies

This research investigates what types of speech acts that Voldemort used and the procedures applied in translating its subtitle in movie “Harry Potter: The Deathly Hollows Part 1”. Descriptive qualitative analysis was set up as the method whilst the theories of Yule (1996) and Vinay & Darbelnet (1958) were used as the main roadmap to analyze the data. The researcher collected data by employing a note-taking technique and gaining the data by searching, downloading, watching the movie, taking notes and marking its transcript in its dialogue. In analyzing data, the researcher used the content analysis technique and the steps are by searching, identifying, classifying them according to the speech acts theory of Yule (1996). As the result, 67 speech acts performed by Voldemort were discovered such as; declarative, representative, expressive, commissive, and directive. Meanwhile, the directive speech act was dominantly used (29 data). On the other hands, it was encountered that a number of translation procedures were applied. They are literal translation, pure borrowing, modulation, generalization, adaptation, addition, deletion while literal translation dominates (42 data)

Speech acts in English classroom: A case at a junior high school in Indonesia

Teachers’ speech acts play a distinct role in teaching-learning in the English as a Foreign Language (EFL) classroom. The teacher transfers knowledge to the students and becomes a role model in students’ interaction. This study aims to classify the kinds of representative speech acts expressed by teachers and students of the eighth grade at a junior high school in Indonesia. This discourse study implements a qualitative method using the observation technique. Collected from a natural pedagogical activity in the EFL classroom, the utterances were compared and analysed descriptively. The study revealed three speech acts: locution, illocution, and perlocution. Questioning and commanding adopted in 113 instances show that the teacher is aware of her/his role and has a higher position than the students. Moreover, speech acts impact EFL class, and they influence students' motivation and confidence in learning English through expressive and declarative speech acts

Speech Acts Analysis of Spiderman No Way Home Movie as A Medium of Learning Material

A movie is one of the beneficial teaching media. Its main function is for entertainment, but it is a good resource for language learning as well. The dialog in the movie provides material for learning language skills and language structure which can be learned for any element of language. In this research, the writer investigated the language structure focused on speech acts. The study aims to identify the types of speech acts delivered by the main actor in the Spider-man movie, which was used a learning material, along with their frequency. This research was conducted in descriptive qualitative method. The analysis of speech acts used Searle’s theory which divided speech acts into five classifications, commissive, declarative, directive, expressive, and representative. After analyzing, the writer found all types of speech acts in the conversations. Although, the amount utterances of each type are various. Directive (46%) is frequently used in the dialogue followed by expressive (30%) commissive (12%), declarative (6%), and representative (6%). Therefore, expressions such as command, order, request, thank, apology, etc., which are parts of the directive and expressive type, often appear in conversation, especially in action movies. Keywords: Speech act, learning material, movi

DIRECTIVE SPEECH ACTS USED IN “STRANGER THINGS: SEASON 2” SERIAL MOVIE BY THE DUFFER BROTHERS

This research describes about pragmatics in the specific domain of directive speech acts found in Stranger Things: season 2. The aim of this research is to find out the type of directive speech acts based on Ibrahim's theory in one of the series films. In this research researchers used qualitative methods. Data is collected based on utterances contained in the series of films using observation methods and non-participatory techniques. Researchers use identity methods in analyzing data. The research found several types of directive speech acts. There are 35 data types of directive speech acts consist of requestive (7 data), question (11 data), requirements (9 data), prohibitive (2 data), permissive (1 data), and advisories (5 data). In the data types of data found there are different purposes. The findings of this study indicate that the data most frequently found in types of directive speech are questions. &nbsp

Learning with Weak Supervision for Email Intent Detection

Email remains one of the most frequently used means of online communication. People spend a significant amount of time every day on emails to exchange information, manage tasks and schedule events. Previous work has studied different ways for improving email productivity by prioritizing emails, suggesting automatic replies or identifying intents to recommend appropriate actions. The problem has been mostly posed as a supervised learning problem where models of different complexities were proposed to classify an email message into a predefined taxonomy of intents or classes. The need for labeled data has always been one of the largest bottlenecks in training supervised models. This is especially the case for many real-world tasks, such as email intent classification, where large scale annotated examples are either hard to acquire or unavailable due to privacy or data access constraints. Email users often take actions in response to intents expressed in an email (e.g., setting up a meeting in response to an email with a scheduling request). Such actions can be inferred from user interaction logs. In this paper, we propose to leverage user actions as a source of weak supervision, in addition to a limited set of annotated examples, to detect intents in emails. We develop an end-to-end robust deep neural network model for email intent identification that leverages both clean annotated data and noisy weak supervision along with a self-paced learning mechanism. Extensive experiments on three different intent detection tasks show that our approach can effectively leverage the weakly supervised data to improve intent detection in emails.Comment: 10 pages, 3 figure

NADIEM MAKARIM’S FIRST SPEECH AS THE MINISTER OF INDONESIA EDUCATION AND CULTURE: SPEECH ACT ANALYSIS

The appointment of Nadiem Makarim as the new Minister of Education and Culture for Jokowi’s cabinet 2019-2024 term has been surprising. Although the background of the chosen Minister is not from educational sector as his predecessors, this digital venture entrepreneur’s presence in ministerial position brings hope on innovation and solutions that have never been explored before in Indonesia’s Educational system. Nadiem’s first speech in his inauguration as Minister of Education and Culture about his 100-day’s plans in attempts to improve Indonesia’s Education has drawn public attention. Hence, this study is aimed to investigate speech acts produced in Nadiem Makarim’s first speech as minister, especially their types and the implied meaning. Descriptive qualitative research design was employed in this study to get description of linguistics phenomenon. The data was the transcript of Nadiem Makarim’s speech. The data were analyzed based on theory of speech acts proposed by Searle (1976). The result shows to some extends which firstly commissive speech acts are dominantly occupied in the speech. Secondly, commissive speech acts are mostly realized as promise on his plan as the new Minister  and assurance about his capability of being Minister with the promises he made even he does not come from Education field

Speech act analysis of Igbo utterances in funeral rites

This paper attempts to classify speech acts in Igbo funeral rites in some towns in Awka South and Aguata local government areas in Anambra State. Paying the last respect to the dead is a common practice in Africa. In Igbo land, it is obligatory to bury the dead following the funeral rites practised by the various communities. In a funeral, there are utterances addressed to God, to the deceased, to the relatives of the deceased and to in-laws, friends and well-wishers. These utterances are meant to soothe the feelings of the mourners, to show solidarity and condole with the bereaved by encouraging them, to pay the last respect to the deceased, to express appreciation for the legacies of the deceased and to offer prayers for the repose of his/her soul. This study examines these utterances as speech acts using Searle’s (1976) classification of speech acts. The aim is to identify the most common utterance speech forms that are manifested and used in funeral rites. The data were collected from funeral rites held in Igbo speaking areas in Anambra State such as Awka, Amawbia, Uga and Nkpologwu by means of a digital tape recorder. The study reveals that the directive, expressive, representative/ assertive, commissive and declarative speech acts are used in funeral rites, with the expressive speech act utterances having the highest percentage (48.3%), followed by the directive and assertive (17.2%) and the commissive (13.8%). However, the declarative speech act is the least in our data (3.5%). One could conclude from this that the expressive speech act is essentially used to condole with the bereaved

AN ANALYSIS OF ILLOCUTIONARY ACTS IN “WONDER” NOVEL BY R. J. PALACIO

AbstractThis research aimed to identify the type of illocutionary acts and classify the category of speech acts dominantly used by the characters in performing their illocutionary acts in “Wonder” novel by R. J. Palacio, and to find out the dominant type of speech act used to display all illocutionary acts. Based on Searle’s theory, the researcher used descriptive qualitative research to analyze utterances taken from the novel through observation limited by home and school settings and role relationships. The researcher took five parts with 13 characters. The data analysis started by observing the conversation, analyzing and classifying the utterances into the types of illocutionary acts, then classifying and calculating the speech acts category. The findings showed three types of illocutionary acts used by the characters in the novel. They are directive, commissive, and expressive. Directive is the most dominant illocutionary type used by the characters in the novel, with seven utterances in conversation. These ten utterances also balanced the category of speech acts, five utterances of direct and five utterances of indirect speech acts.Keywords: Analysis Research, Illocutionary Acts, Novel Wonder, R. J. Palaci

ILLOCUTIONARY SPEECH ACTS ANALYSIS OF STUDENTS’ CAPTION IN INSTAGRAM

This researchs aims to investigate the use of illocutionary speech acts in students’ caption in their Instagram account. In this research, the researcher used the theory of speech acts proposed by Searle (1976). The method of this research was a pragmatic study. Data was collected through a questionnaire and it was presented in a table. Furthermore, the subject in this research was sixth semester students of English Education Study Program in Universitas Tanjungpura. The research was done by observing and analyzing the students’ caption in their Instagram. As a result, it can be concluded that there were three types of illocutionary speech acts used in the students’ caption, they were expressive act (feeling), representative (assertion), and directive (suggestion). Then, the most frequently used in the caption was expressive act (to express their feeling) and the least frequently used was directive act (to give a suggestion)