From MANET to people-centric networking: Milestones and open research challenges

In this paper, we discuss the state of the art of (mobile) multi-hop ad hoc networking with the aim to present the current status of the research activities and identify the consolidated research areas, with limited research opportunities, and the hot and emerging research areas for which further research is required. We start by briefly discussing the MANET paradigm, and why the research on MANET protocols is now a cold research topic. Then we analyze the active research areas. Specifically, after discussing the wireless-network technologies, we analyze four successful ad hoc networking paradigms, mesh networks, opportunistic networks, vehicular networks, and sensor networks that emerged from the MANET world. We also present an emerging research direction in the multi-hop ad hoc networking field: people centric networking, triggered by the increasing penetration of the smartphones in everyday life, which is generating a people-centric revolution in computing and communications

Internet of Things-aided Smart Grid: Technologies, Architectures, Applications, Prototypes, and Future Research Directions

Traditional power grids are being transformed into Smart Grids (SGs) to address the issues in existing power system due to uni-directional information flow, energy wastage, growing energy demand, reliability and security. SGs offer bi-directional energy flow between service providers and consumers, involving power generation, transmission, distribution and utilization systems. SGs employ various devices for the monitoring, analysis and control of the grid, deployed at power plants, distribution centers and in consumers' premises in a very large number. Hence, an SG requires connectivity, automation and the tracking of such devices. This is achieved with the help of Internet of Things (IoT). IoT helps SG systems to support various network functions throughout the generation, transmission, distribution and consumption of energy by incorporating IoT devices (such as sensors, actuators and smart meters), as well as by providing the connectivity, automation and tracking for such devices. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive survey on IoT-aided SG systems, which includes the existing architectures, applications and prototypes of IoT-aided SG systems. This survey also highlights the open issues, challenges and future research directions for IoT-aided SG systems

Low power CMOS IC, biosensor and wireless power transfer techniques for wireless sensor network application

The emerging field of wireless sensor network (WSN) is receiving great attention due to the interest in healthcare. Traditional battery-powered devices suffer from large size, weight and secondary replacement surgery after the battery life-time which is often not desired, especially for an implantable application. Thus an energy harvesting method needs to be investigated. In addition to energy harvesting, the sensor network needs to be low power to extend the wireless power transfer distance and meet the regulation on RF power exposed to human tissue (specific absorption ratio). Also, miniature sensor integration is another challenge since most of the commercial sensors have rigid form or have a bulky size. The objective of this thesis is to provide solutions to the aforementioned challenges

Distributed computing in space-based wireless sensor networks

This thesis investigates the application of distributed computing in general and wireless sensor networks in particular to space applications. Particularly, the thesis addresses issues related to the design of "space-based wireless sensor networks" that consist of ultra-small satellite nodes flying together in close formations. The design space of space-based wireless sensor networks is explored. Consequently, a methodology for designing space-based wireless sensor networks is proposed that is based on a modular architecture. The hardware modules take the form of 3-D Multi-Chip Modules (MCM). The design of hardware modules is demonstrated by designing a representative on-board computer module. The onboard computer module contains an FPGA which includes a system-on-chip architecture that is based on soft components and provides a degree of flexibility at the later stages of the design of the mission.EThOS - Electronic Theses Online ServiceGBUnited Kingdo

Internet of Satellites (IoSat): analysis of network models and routing protocol requirements

The space segment has been evolved from monolithic to distributed satellite systems. One of these distributed systems is called the federated satellite system (FSS) which aims at establishing a win-win collaboration between satellites to improve their mission performance by using the unused on-board resources. The FSS concept requires sporadic and direct communications between satellites, using inter satellite links. However, this point-to-point communication is temporal and thus it can break existent federations. Therefore, the conception of a multi-hop scenario needs to be addressed. This is the goal of the Internet of satellites (IoSat) paradigm which, as opposed to a common backbone, proposes the creation of a network using a peer-to-peer architecture. In particular, the same satellites take part of the network by establishing intermediate collaborations to deploy a FSS. This paradigm supposes a major challenge in terms of network definition and routing protocol. Therefore, this paper not only details the IoSat paradigm, but it also analyses the different satellite network models. Furthermore, it evaluates the routing protocol candidates that could be used to implement the IoSat paradigm.Peer ReviewedPostprint (author's final draft

Smart Wireless Sensor Networks

The recent development of communication and sensor technology results in the growth of a new attractive and challenging area - wireless sensor networks (WSNs). A wireless sensor network which consists of a large number of sensor nodes is deployed in environmental fields to serve various applications. Facilitated with the ability of wireless communication and intelligent computation, these nodes become smart sensors which do not only perceive ambient physical parameters but also be able to process information, cooperate with each other and self-organize into the network. These new features assist the sensor nodes as well as the network to operate more efficiently in terms of both data acquisition and energy consumption. Special purposes of the applications require design and operation of WSNs different from conventional networks such as the internet. The network design must take into account of the objectives of specific applications. The nature of deployed environment must be considered. The limited of sensor nodes� resources such as memory, computational ability, communication bandwidth and energy source are the challenges in network design. A smart wireless sensor network must be able to deal with these constraints as well as to guarantee the connectivity, coverage, reliability and security of network's operation for a maximized lifetime. This book discusses various aspects of designing such smart wireless sensor networks. Main topics includes: design methodologies, network protocols and algorithms, quality of service management, coverage optimization, time synchronization and security techniques for sensor networks

Adaptive switched beam reconfigurable antenna for wireless sensor network applications

La possibilité de syntoniser les résonances, de modifier la polarisation et de modifier leurs diagrammes de rayonnement a rendu impératif le développement d'antennes reconfigurables dans les systèmes de télécommunication modernes et elles sont largement utilisées en tant que fonctionnalités supplémentaires dans les systèmes de communication sans fil. Leur agilité et leur diversité ont élargi leurs horizons pour différents types d'applications, en particulier dans les domaines de la radio cognitive, des satellites et de nombreuses autres applications. Les antennes reconfigurables répondent aux exigences d'une fonctionnalité accrue, telles que la direction, la direction du faisceau, le radar, le contrôle et la commande, dans un volume confiné. Dans ce projet, nous proposons de créer de nouveaux écrans reconfigurables à surface sélective en fréquences (FSS) pour créer des antennes reconfigurables à faisceaux commutés. En effet, les réponses de transmission 1 réflexion de chaque FSS planaire sont soigneusement délimitées pour remodeler minutieusement les écrans en une forme cylindrique. La forme cylindrique est délibérément choisie pour obtenir les performances de balayage souhaitées sur tous les angles d'azimut. Ensuite, en contrôlant avec précision les éléments actifs intégrés dans le FSS cylindrique, le champ rayonné d'une source RF au centre du cylindre est commandé pour obtenir la fonctionnalité désirée. La validation de l'antenne reconfigurable à faisceau commuté est obtenue en comparant les paramètres des diagrammes de rayonnement simulés et mesurés. La largeur de faisceau mesurée est de 72 ° alors qu'elle est de 40 ° pour la simulation. Le gain simulé réalisé est d'environ 15 dB et le gain mesuré est d'environ 12,5 dBi dans la gamme de fréquences de 2,4GHz

A Flexible Design Space Exploration Platform for Wireless Sensor Networks

My dissertation presents a flexible design space exploration platform for wireless sensor networks and an extensible design flow. The conceived platform enables the fast creation and evaluation of custom sensor node hard- and software architectures without developing custom hardware. One important feature of my platform is that it allows the evaluation of the computational- and communication domain of a sensor node in respect to power consumption

Applications of Antenna Technology in Sensors

During the past few decades, information technologies have been evolving at a tremendous rate, causing profound changes to our world and to our ways of living. Emerging applications have opened u[ new routes and set new trends for antenna sensors. With the advent of the Internet of Things (IoT), the adaptation of antenna technologies for sensor and sensing applications has become more important. Now, the antennas must be reconfigurable, flexible, low profile, and low-cost, for applications from airborne and vehicles, to machine-to-machine, IoT, 5G, etc. This reprint aims to introduce and treat a series of advanced and emerging topics in the field of antenna sensors

Sensors and Systems for Indoor Positioning

This reprint is a reprint of the articles that appeared in Sensors' (MDPI) Special Issue on “Sensors and Systems for Indoor Positioning". The published original contributions focused on systems and technologies to enable indoor applications