Apparatus for disintegrating kidney stones

The useful life of the wire probe in an ultrasonic kidney stone disintegration instrument is enhanced and prolonged by attaching the wire of the wire probe to the tip of an ultrasonic transducer by means of a clamping arrangement. Additionally, damping material is applied to the wire probe in the form of a damper tube through which the wire probe passes in the region adjacent the transducer tip. The damper tube extends outwardly from the transducer tip a predetermined distance, terminating in a resilient soft rubber joint. Also, the damper tube is supported intermediate its length by a support member. The damper system thus acts to inhibit lateral vibrations of the wire in the region of the transducer tip while providing little or no damping to the linear vibrations imparted to the wire by the transducer

Kidney stones: pathophysiology, diagnosis and management

The prevalence of kidney stones is increasing, and approximately 12 000 hospital admissions every year are due to this condition. This article will use a case study to focus on a patient diagnosed with a calcium oxalate kidney stone. It will discuss the affected structures in relation to kidney stones and describe the pathology of the condition. Investigations for kidney stones, differential diagnosis and diagnosis, possible complications and prognosis, will be discussed. Finally, a detailed account of management strategies for the patient with kidney stones will be given, looking at pain management, medical procedures and dietary interventions. </jats:p

Kidney Stones - What should You know?

Introduction: Kidney stones are mineral deposits in the renal calyces and pelvis that are found free or attached to the renal papillae.  The risk of developing kidney stones is 10 to 15 percent in the United States and Europe, although this number is trending higher. Contributing risk factors for kidney stones are obesity, insulin resistance, gastrointestinal pathology, living in warmer climates, certain dietary patterns and medications. In this article we reviewed the epidemiology, symptoms and treatment of acute and chronic kidney stones and also prevention of stones formation in urinary tract. Material and methods: The work was based on medical articles collected in PubMed, websites and medical books. The research was conducted by looking at keywords such as: "Kidney Stones", "Renal Colic" and “Rirs”. Conclusions: The interdisciplinary approach, education of the patient and multiple endourological techniques can provide us with many solutions in the treatment of this contition. Doctors should adjust treatment to provide the best therapeutic effects

Физико-химическое моделирование фосфатного нефролитиаза

The basic physico-chemical and biochemical parameters of the formation of phosphatic kidney stones are determined on model systems. It is established that the structures similar to kidney stones can be formed only in the simultaneous presence of fiber and mineral components, being under metastable conditions

Risk of kidney stones in living kidney donors: A matched cohort study

A kidney stone in a person with one kidney requires urgent attention which may result in surgical and/or hospital attention. We conducted a matched retrospective cohort study to determine if living kidney donors compared to healthy non-donors have a higher risk of: 1) kidney stones with surgical intervention, and 2) hospital encounters for kidney stones. We reviewed and linked information from pre-donation charts to Ontario healthcare databases. We selected healthy non-donors from the general population, matching ten non-donors to every donor, to generate a cohort of 2,019 donors and 20,190 non-donors. There was no difference in the rate of 1) kidney stones with surgical intervention comparing donors to non-donors (8.3 vs 9.7 events/10,000 person-years; rate ratio[RR] 0.85; 95% confidence interval[CI] 0.47-1.53), and 2) hospital encounters for kidney stones (12.1 vs 16.1 events/10,000 person-years; RR 0.75; 95% CI 0.45-1.24). These interim results are reassuring for the safety of living kidney donation

Frequency of Kidney Stone Different Compositions in Patients Referred to a Lithotripsy Center in Ilam, West of Iran

Introduction: Ilam is one of the provinces with the highest prevalence of kidney stone. The aim of this study was to calculate the frequency percentage of kidney stones by composition in Ilam.Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 160 patients referred to the lithotripsy center of Ilam for the treatment of kidney stones from 2014 to 2015 (9 months). A two-part questionnaire including demographic information and stone type was used for collecting data. Finally, the obtained data were analyzed with SPSS version 17.Results: The frequency of kidney stones was 68% in men and 31.8% in women. The prevalence of kidney stones was higher in men than women, but there was no significant relationship between gender and the stone type. The highest prevalence of the stone was in the age group 31-41 years (33.7%) and there was a significant relationship between age and the stone type (P=0.001). The frequency of calcium oxalate (CaOx), mixed, uric acid, and cysteine kidney stones was 61.25%, 36.25%, 1.9%, and 0.6%, respectively. The most prevalent mixed stone was uric acid together with calcium oxalate stones (21.8%) followed by CaOx together with calcium phosphate stones (10.6%).Conclusions: The prevalence of CaOx and uric acid and CaOx stones was high. It is likely the increase in mixed stones in Ilam, especially uric acid and CaOx stones, is due to the nutritional pattern of subjects. More studies are required to determine the relationship between the stone type and diet in this area.Keywords: Kidney stones; Nephrolithiasis; Urolithiasis; Calcium phosphate; Calcium oxalate; Struvite; Uric aci

Aktivitas Kombinasi Ekstrak Etanol Daun Sirsak (Annona Muricata L.) Dan Daun Pegagan (Centella Asiatica L.Urb) Terhadap Kelarutan Kalsium Batu Ginjal Secara in Vitro: Activitiy of Ethanol Extract Combination Between Soursop (Annona Muricata L.) Leaves and Gotu Kola (Centella Asiatica L.Urb ) Leaves on the Solubility of Kidney Stone Calcium in Vitro

Soursop (Annona muricata L.) and gotu kola (Centella asiatica L.Urb) is a plant that can be used as a laxative medicine kidney stones. This is because of the content of bioactive compounds including flavonoids, especially the leaf section. The use of a combination of soursop leaf extract and gotu kola can improve their effectiveness in order to remove calcium kidney stones. Therefore, this study aims to determine the activity and to determine dose combination soursop leaf ethanol extract (SS) and gotu kola leaf (GK) which is effective for dissolving potassium kidney stones. Extracts prepared by maceration method using ethanol 96% then subsequently tested phytochemical screening and thin layer chromatography profiles on each extract. Results chromatogram showed the extract containing flavonoids. Testing the activity of the combination of soursop and gotu kola extract performed using seven treatments, combination 1 (SS 1% + GK 7.5% ), a combination of 2 (SS&nbsp; 0.5% + GK 3.75%), the combination of 3 (SS 0, 25% + GK 1.875%), single soursop leaf extract (1%), single gotu kola extract (7.5%), negative control (aquadest) and positive control (Batugin elixir). Kidney stones are then put as much as 100 mg in each treatment and incubated for 6 hours (37 ℃). Results filtrate then didestruksi and dissolved calcium levels measured using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. The results showed the combination soursop leaf ethanol extract and gotu kola leaf extract with a combination of 2 (SS 0.5% + GK 3.75%) is an effective combination of the ability to dissolve calcium kidney stones in vitro

Chemistry of Major and Trace Elements of Kidney Stones in Fallujah City/Iraq

The current paper aims to identify the concentrations of major and trace elements in 20 sample kidney stones in Fallujah, Iraq. These elements were estimated using ICP-MS method and X-ray diffraction were used for mineral structures. The study showed that there are six mineral groups (Calcium Oxalate, Cholesten, Phosphate, Uricite, Uricite and Calcium and Mixed stone). Ca is the main constituent of kidney stone because Calcium is the highest concentrations of other the elements (6.75%). and it is Concentrated in the stones of  Calcium Oxalate and Calcium Phosphate. P is the main component of Phosphate with a concentration of all kidney stones (0.715%). The groups of calcium oxalate and Phosphate contain large amounts of trace elements, especially Zn and  Sr, .There are high quantities of Mn in Cholesten because the manganese plays an important role in the metabolic pathway of amino acids, fats, proteins and carbohydrates. The results indicated that concentrations of these elements in kidney stones depend on the type of mineral aggregates that form the kidney stones. Keywords Kidney stone.Cholesten. Trace element. Fallujah .Ira

ASSOCIATION OF KIDNEY STONES SEVERITY WITH DIABETES MELLITUS, FATNESS & HYPERTENSION

Objective: The purpose of this research work is to interrogate the association between the availability of kidney stones with BMI, DM & HT (hypertension). Methodology: Five hundred and seventy-four patients were the part of this research work. Past history of the kidney stones was not present in any patient. Total one hundred and twenty-one patients diagnosed with the presence of kidney stones with the evaluation of ultrasound & four hundred and fifty-three patients without stones compared with respect to body mass index, hypertension & diabetes mellitus. The burden of one hundred and twenty-one patients with stones also compared with similar variables. Results: Out of 121 kidney stone’s patient, 24.70% (n: 30) were available with hypertension, while 14.50% (n: 66) out of 453 without stone patients were present with hypertension. The values of body mass index in the patient with and without kidney stones were 27.20±4.930 kg/m2 & 25.290±4.120 kg/m2 correspondingly. Total 20.60% (n: 25) patients with kidney stones were available with diabetes mellitus whereas 10.8% (n: 49) patients without stones were available with diabetes mellitus. Analysis of logistic regression showed in the comparison of the patients of both groups that diabetes mellitus & body mass index has an association with the presence of the kidney stones. There was no important association among the similar variables and CSD (Cumulative Stone Diameter) and the surface area of stones assessed for the stone burden. Conclusions: DM, HT and high BMI may add the risk factors for the possibility of the formation of the kidney stones but they were not affecting the burden of the stones. KEY WORDS: Kidney, Ultrasound, Hypertension, Association, Cumulative, Diabetes, Mellitus, Cumulative Stone Diameter