The Beginnings and Prospective Ending of “End-to-End”: An Evolutionary Perspective On the Internet’s Architecture

The technology of “the Internet” is not static. Although its “end-to- end” architecture has made this “connection-less” communications system readily “extensible,” and highly encouraging to innovation both in hardware and software applications, there are strong pressures for engineering changes. Some of these are wanted to support novel transport services (e.g. voice telephony, real-time video); others would address drawbacks that appeared with opening of the Internet to public and commercial traffic - e.g., the difficulties of blocking delivery of offensive content, suppressing malicious actions (e.g. “denial of service” attacks), pricing bandwidth usage to reduce congestion. The expected gains from making “improvements” in the core of the network should be weighed against the loss of the social and economic benefits that derive from the “end-to-end” architectural design. Even where technological “fixes” can be placed at the networks’ edges, the option remains to search for alternative, institutional mechanisms of governing conduct in cyberspace.

Open-source resilience: a connected commons-based proposition for urban transformation

In this paper we propose the concept of ‘open-source resilience’ as a promising path towards urban transformation and greater resilience. This proposition is investigated through the process of co-designing a digital platform, providing tools for actors engaging with resilience through urban commoning processes. Such tools will have the role of sustaining commoning projects and scaling them (up and wide) by facilitating processes of knowledge-sharing and networking. To illustrate the approach, we present outcomes and observations from an initial stage of the co-design process, which resulted in a first digital prototype

Unleashing the Potential of Philanthropy in China

Countries like China, but also Brazil, India, Indonesia and South Africa, are becoming more involved in development assistance not only through government aid but also through private investment, remittances and homegrown philanthropy. As the world looks for additional sources of funding to finance its fight against poverty, inequality and climate change, a lot of hope is resting on the rise of philanthropy. A strong and healthy philanthropic sector in China, confident in looking outside its borders and with the right capacities to respond to the great demands, will benefit China, as well as the rest of the world. This report believes that China today has the unprecedented opportunity to tap into its expanding non-profit and philanthropic sector. Home to record numbers of billionaires who have started to give back, with more and more corporations investing in corporate social responsibility (CSR) and with an expanding middle class increasingly aware of environmental and social challenges, China has vast resources to mobilize in support of philanthropy. In the last few years, technology and new media have created innovative ways to donate, which are making it even easier for the general public to participate in philanthropy. Finally, as Chinese businesses and state-owned companies continue to go global, China's philanthropists are also starting to look beyond their borders

Emerging regional innovation policies for industry 4.0: analyzing the digital innovation hub program in European regions

This article is (c) Emerald Group Publishing and permission has been granted for this version to appear here (please insert the web address here). Emerald does not grant permission for this article to be further copied/distributed or hosted elsewhere without the express permission from Emerald Group Publishing Limited.[EN] Purpose Industry 4.0 or digitization, from a regional innovation system (RIS) and policy perspective to improve regional innovation, is over-looked. Specifically, this paper aims to focus on analyzing the nascent European Commission (EC) digital innovation hub (DIH) program, designed for fostering transition into Industry 4.0 in regions and facilitating new path development. Design/methodology/approach Empirically, 10 Spanish DIH is explored through interviews and secondary data analysis. Findings The results suggest that DIHs despite their emerging and trial-and-error stage are designed for promoting multi-actor collaborative platforms including non-local actors to stimulate transition into Industry 4.0 by promoting place-based collaboration alliances that respond to local/regional contextual specificities and demands. These regional-based platforms facilitate public-private partnerships that co-design policy initiatives resulting from co-participation and negotiation of spatially-bounded oriented initiatives for digitizing. Originality/value The authors answer: what are the key characteristics of emerging European-level regional innovation policies aimed at facilitating Industry 4.0 in regions? This is the first study on the topic.Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovacion y Universidades: RTI2018-095739-B-100.Hervás Oliver, JL.; González-Alcaide, G.; Rojas-Alvarado, R.; Monto-Mompo, S. (2021). Emerging regional innovation policies for industry 4.0: analyzing the digital innovation hub program in European regions. Competitiveness Review. 31(1):106-129. https://doi.org/10.1108/CR-12-2019-015910612931

Climate Action In Megacities 3.0

"Climate Action in Megacities 3.0" (CAM 3.0) presents major new insights into the current status, latest trends and future potential for climate action at the city level. Documenting the volume of action being taken by cities, CAM 3.0 marks a new chapter in the C40-Arup research partnership, supported by the City Leadership Initiative at University College London. It provides compelling evidence about cities' commitment to tackling climate change and their critical role in the fight to achieve global emissions reductions

A "new institutional" perspective on energy policy network formation: a case study of the Central and Eastern European Sustainable Energy Network

The research looked at the successful policy network formation process in new EU energy governance perspective and studied the CEESEN Central and Eastern European Sustainable Energy Network case. Thesis used “New Institutionalism” analytical framework to approach the successful network formation process. Thesis addressed the question of how meanings and purposes of EU new energy governance constrain and contribute to the successful emergence of policy networks in the case of the Central and Eastern European Sustainable Energy Network CEESEN. The study made tentative suggestion that the successful policy network formation happens by institutionalizing the structures of meanings via standardization, homogenization, and authorization of meanings in the case of CEESEN network. Qualitative Content Analysis was used to approach the date. Analysis consisted of 8 interviews with core and secondary network members, network materials and documentation, EU energy policy documents. Thesis brought a theoretical contribution to the institutionalization and network formation theory, provided a practical recommendation to the policy field and suggested further research avenues.http://www.ester.ee/record=b5145116*es

Algorithms, contexts, governance : An introduction to the special issue

This introduction to the special issue on algorithmic governance in context offers an outline of the field and summarizes each contribution to the issue.Peer reviewe