การตรวจสอบและควบคุมข้อมูลหน่วยความจำของพีแอลซี แบบเวลาจริง ในเครื่องบังคับขยับข้อแบบต่อเนื่องโดยใช้อินเทอร์เน็ตของสรรพสิ่ง (REAL-TIME MONITORING AND CONTROL OF PLC DATA MEMORY IN CONTINUOUS PASSIVE MOTION MACHINE BASED ON THE INTERNET OF THINGS)

งานวิจัยนี้นำเสนอการพัฒนาอุปกรณ์สำหรับตรวจสอบและควบคุมข้อมูลหน่วยความจำของพีแอลซี แบบเวลาจริง ต้นทุนต่ำ โดยใช้เทคโนโลยีอินเทอร์เน็ตของสรรพสิ่งร่วมกับเทคนิคการสื่อสารกับพีแอลซีผ่านทางพอร์ตโปรแกรมในเครื่องบังคับขยับข้อแบบต่อเนื่อง เพื่อให้สามารถมองเห็นสถานะการทำงานของเครื่องอย่างชัดเจนและควบคุมการทำงานของเครื่องได้จากที่ห่างไกล จากผลการทดลองพบว่า อุปกรณ์ที่พัฒนาขึ้นสามารถแสดงผลและควบคุมสถานะการทำงานของเครื่องบังคับขยับข้อแบบต่อเนื่องได้อย่างถูกต้อง 100 เปอร์เซ็นต์ โดยมีเวลาหน่วงเฉลี่ยในการแสดงผลบนแอปพลิเคชั่นในสมาร์ทโฟนผ่านอินเทอร์เน็ตเท่ากับ 1.43 วินาที สาเหตุของเวลาหน่วงเกิดจากความเร็วและความหนาแน่นในการใช้งานเครือข่ายอินเทอร์เน็ตคำสำคัญ: อินเทอร์เน็ตของสรรพสิ่ง  พีแอลซี  เครื่องบังคับขยับข้อแบบต่อเนื่องThis paper described the development of a low cost device for real-time monitoring and control of PLC data memory using internet of things (IoT) technology with a communication technique with PLC through programming port for continuous passive motion machine (CPM). The developed device allowed to monitor the status of the machine clearly and controlling it from a distance. From the experimental results shown that the developed device can display and control the status of CPM correctly 100%. The average time delay was 1.43 s. in updated status of software application on smartphones over the internet. The time delay was dependent on the speed and traffic density of internet.Keywords: Internet of Things, PLC, Continuous Passive Motion Machin

Direct sequence spread spectrum based PWM strategy for harmonic reduction and communication

Switched mode power supplies (SMPSs) are essential components in many applications, and electromagnetic interference is an important consideration in the SMPS design. Spread spectrum based PWM strategies have been used in SMPS designs to reduce the switching harmonics. This paper proposes a novel method to integrate a communication function into spread spectrum based PWM strategy without extra hardware costs. Direct sequence spread spectrum (DSSS) and phase shift keying (PSK) data modulation are employed to the PWM of the SMPS, so that it has reduced switching harmonics and the input and output power line voltage ripples contain data. A data demodulation algorithm has been developed for receivers, and code division multiple access (CDMA) concept is employed as communication method for a system with multiple SMPSs. The proposed method has been implemented in both Buck and Boost converters. The experimental results validated the proposed DSSS based PWM strategy for both harmonic reduction and communication

TV White Space Regulated Broadband Power Line Communication for Point-to-Multipoint Downlink IoT Networks: A Standard Perspective

Belgium Herbarium image of Meise Botanic Garden

Análisis de Big Data en IoT para campos de Cadenas de Suministro Inteligentes

Desde la última década se han producido cantidades voluminosas de datos a medida que aumenta la miniaturización de los dispositivos de Internet de las cosas (IoT). Terabytes de datos se generan día a día a partir de Sistemas de Información Modernos, Computación en la Nube y tecnologías digitales, a medida que crece el número de dispositivos conectados a Internet. Sin embargo, tales datos no son útiles sin poder analítico. No obstante, el análisis de estos datos masivos requiere muchos esfuerzos en múltiples niveles para la extracción de conocimiento y la toma de decisiones. Por lo tanto, “Análisis de Big Data” es un área actual de investigación y desarrollo que se ha vuelto cada vez más importante. Numerosas soluciones de análisis de Big Data e IoT, han permitido a la gente obtener información valiosa, aunque estas soluciones están todavía en sus inicios. Actualmente existe una cierta complejidad involucrada en Big Data para superar esto, los ingenieros de software hoy en día empiezan a pensar en Small Data ya que combina datos estructurados y no estructurados que pueden medirse en Gigabytes, Peta bytes o Exabytes, siendo parte de pequeños conjuntos de atributos específicos de IoT. En esta disertación se indagan los esfuerzos de investigación dirigidos al análisis de datos generados por IoT y sistemas transaccionales. Se explica la relación entre el Análisis de Big Data e IoT agregando valor al proponer una nueva arquitectura para el análisis de estos datos y un protocolo a seguir para la extracción de conocimiento. Además, se discuten tipos, métodos y tecnologías analíticas para la minería de Big IoT Data. También se presentan casos de uso notables, desafíos de investigación abiertos como privacidad, visualización e integración de datos y oportunidades que brinda el análisis de datos en el paradigma de IoT. El trabajo es aplicado al caso de uso específico de “Cadenas de Suministro Inteligente”, presentando como una solución propuesta, el análisis de los datos generados desde una “Plataforma de Compra-Venta y Control de Stocks de Productos” que incluye tecnologías RFID (Identificación por Radiofrecuencia) y NFC (Comunicación de Campo Cercano). Se realiza la gestión casi en tiempo real de transacciones involucradas al manejo de Suministro en una compañía, con el fin de poder analizar Big Data generada por estas tecnologías, manejando herramientas de análisis open source y poder realizar mejores predicciones y toma de decisiones

Routing and Mobility on IPv6 over LoWPAN

The IoT means a world-wide network of interconnected objects based on standard communication protocols. An object in this context is a quotidian physical device augmented with sensing/actuating, processing, storing and communication capabilities. These objects must be able to interact with the surrounding environment where they are placed and to cooperate with neighbouring objects in order to accomplish a common objective. The IoT objects have also the capabilities of converting the sensed data into automated instructions and communicating them to other objects through the communication networks, avoiding the human intervention in several tasks. Most of IoT deployments are based on small devices with restricted computational resources and energy constraints. For this reason, initially the scientific community did not consider the use of IP protocol suite in this scenarios because there was the perception that it was too heavy to the available resources on such devices. Meanwhile, the scientific community and the industry started to rethink about the use of IP protocol suite in all IoT devices and now it is considered as the solution to provide connectivity between the IoT devices, independently of the Layer 2 protocol in use, and to connect them to the Internet. Despite the use of IP suite protocol in all devices and the amount of solutions proposed, many open issues remain unsolved in order to reach a seamless integration between the IoT and the Internet and to provide the conditions to IoT service widespread. This thesis addressed the challenges associated with the interconnectivity between the Internet and the IoT devices and with the security aspects of the IoT. In the interconnectivity between the IoT devices and the Internet the problem is how to provide valuable information to the Internet connected devices, independently of the supported IP protocol version, without being necessary accessed directly to the IoT nodes. In order to solve this problem, solutions based on Representational state transfer (REST) web services and IPv4 to IPv6 dual stack transition mechanism were proposed and evaluated. The REST web service and the transition mechanism runs only at the border router without penalizing the IoT constrained devices. The mitigation of the effects of internal and external security attacks minimizing the overhead imposed on the IoT devices is the security challenge addressed in this thesis. Three different solutions were proposed. The first is a mechanism to prevent remotely initiated transport level Denial of Service attacks that avoids the use of inefficient and hard to manage traditional firewalls. It is based on filtering at the border router the traffic received from the Internet and destined to the IoT network according to the conditions announced by each IoT device. The second is a network access security framework that can be used to control the nodes that have access to the network, based on administrative approval, and to enforce security compliance to the authorized nodes. The third is a network admission control framework that prevents IoT unauthorized nodes to communicate with IoT authorized nodes or with the Internet, which drastically reduces the number of possible security attacks. The network admission control was also exploited as a management mechanism as it can be used to manage the network size in terms of number of nodes, making the network more manageable, increasing its reliability and extending its lifetime.A IoT (Internet of Things) tem suscitado o interesse tanto da comunidade académica como da indústria, uma vez que os campos de aplicação são inúmeros assim como os potenciais ganhos que podem ser obtidos através do uso deste tipo de tecnologia. A IoT significa uma rede global de objetos ligados entre si através de uma rede de comunicações baseada em protocolos standard. Neste contexto, um objeto é um objeto físico do dia a dia ao qual foi adicionada a capacidade de medir e de atuar sobre variáveis físicas, de processar e armazenar dados e de comunicar. Estes objetos têm a capacidade de interagir com o meio ambiente envolvente e de cooperar com outros objetos vizinhos de forma a atingirem um objetivo comum. Estes objetos também têm a capacidade de converter os dados lidos em instruções e de as comunicar a outros objetos através da rede de comunicações, evitando desta forma a intervenção humana em diversas tarefas. A maior parte das concretizações de sistemas IoT são baseados em pequenos dispositivos autónomos com restrições ao nível dos recursos computacionais e de retenção de energia. Por esta razão, inicialmente a comunidade científica não considerou adequado o uso da pilha protocolar IP neste tipo de dispositivos, uma vez que havia a perceção de que era muito pesada para os recursos computacionais disponíveis. Entretanto, a comunidade científica e a indústria retomaram a discussão acerca dos benefícios do uso da pilha protocolar em todos os dispositivos da IoT e atualmente é considerada a solução para estabelecer a conetividade entre os dispositivos IoT independentemente do protocolo da camada dois em uso e para os ligar à Internet. Apesar do uso da pilha protocolar IP em todos os dispositivos e da quantidade de soluções propostas, são vários os problemas por resolver no que concerne à integração contínua e sem interrupções da IoT na Internet e de criar as condições para a adoção generalizada deste tipo de tecnologias. Esta tese versa sobre os desafios associados à integração da IoT na Internet e dos aspetos de segurança da IoT. Relativamente à integração da IoT na Internet o problema é como fornecer informação válida aos dispositivos ligados à Internet, independentemente da versão do protocolo IP em uso, evitando o acesso direto aos dispositivos IoT. Para a resolução deste problema foram propostas e avaliadas soluções baseadas em web services REST e em mecanismos de transição IPv4 para IPv6 do tipo pilha dupla (dual stack). O web service e o mecanismo de transição são suportados apenas no router de fronteira, sem penalizar os dispositivos IoT. No que concerne à segurança, o problema é mitigar os efeitos dos ataques de segurança internos e externos iniciados local e remotamente. Foram propostas três soluções diferentes, a primeira é um mecanismo que minimiza os efeitos dos ataques de negação de serviço com origem na Internet e que evita o uso de mecanismos de firewalls ineficientes e de gestão complexa. Este mecanismo filtra no router de fronteira o tráfego com origem na Internet é destinado à IoT de acordo com as condições anunciadas por cada um dos dispositivos IoT da rede. A segunda solução, é uma framework de network admission control que controla quais os dispositivos que podem aceder à rede com base na autorização administrativa e que aplica políticas de conformidade relativas à segurança aos dispositivos autorizados. A terceira é um mecanismo de network admission control para redes 6LoWPAN que evita que dispositivos não autorizados comuniquem com outros dispositivos legítimos e com a Internet o que reduz drasticamente o número de ataques à segurança. Este mecanismo também foi explorado como um mecanismo de gestão uma vez que pode ser utilizado a dimensão da rede quanto ao número de dispositivos, tornando-a mais fácil de gerir e aumentando a sua fiabilidade e o seu tempo de vida