Communication, Affect, & Learning in the Classroom

The purpose of the handbook was to synthesize the first three decades of research in instructional communication into a single volume that could help both researchers and instructors understand the value of communication in the instructional process.Preface1.Teaching As a Communication Process The Instructional Communication Process The Teacher The Content The Instructional Strategy The Student The Feedback/Evaluation The Learning Environment/Instructional Context Kibler’s Model of Instruction The ADDIE Model of Instructional Design2.Communicating With Instructional Objectives Why Some Teachers Resent Objectives The Value of Objectives What Objectives Should Communicate3.Instructional Communication Strategies The Teacher As a Speaker The Teacher As a Moderator The Teacher As a Trainer The Teacher As a Manager The Teacher As a Coordinator & Innovator4.Communication, Affect, and Student Needs Measuring Student Affect Basic Academic Needs of Students Traditional Interpersonal Need Models Outcomes of Meeting Student Needs5.Learning Styles What is Learning Style? Dimensions of Learning Style and Their Assessment Matching, Bridging, and Style-Flexing6.Classroom Anxieties and Fears Communication Apprehension Receiver Apprehension Writing Apprehension Fear of Teacher Evaluation Apprehension Classroom Anxiety Probable Causes of Classroom Anxiety Communication Strategies for Reducing Classroom Anxiety7.Communication And Student Self-Concept Student Self-Concept: Some Definitions Characteristics of the Self Development of Student Self-Concept Dimensions of Student Self-Concept Self-Concept and Academic Achievement Effects of Self-Concept on Achievement Poker Chip Theory of Learning Communication Strategies for Nurturing and Building Realistic Student Self-Concept8.Instructional Assessment:Feedback,Grading, and Affect Defining the Assessment Process Evaluative Feedback Descriptive Feedback Assessment and Affect Competition and Cooperation in Learning Environments9.Traditional and Mastery Learning Systems Traditional Education Systems Mastery Learning Modified Mastery Learning10.Student Misbehavior and Classroom Management Why Students Misbehave Categories of Student Behaviors Students’ Effects on Affect in the Classroom Communication, Affect, and Classroom Management Communication Techniques for Increasing or Decreasing Student Behavior11.Teacher Misbehaviors and Communication Why Teachers Misbehave Common Teacher Misbehaviors Implications for the Educational Systems12.Teacher Self-Concept and Communication Dimensions of Teacher Self-Concept Development of Teacher Self-Concept Strategies for Increasing Teacher Self-Concept13.Increasing Classroom Affect Through Teacher Communication Style Communicator Style Concept Types of Communicator Styles Teacher Communication Style Teacher Communicator Behaviors That Build Affect14.Teacher Temperament in the Classroom Four Personality Types Popular Sanguine Perfect Melancholy Powerful Choleric Peaceful Phlegmatic Personality Blends15.Teacher Communication: Performance and Burnout Teaching: A Multifaceted Job Roles of an Instructional Manager Teacher Burnout Symptoms of Teacher Burnout Causes of Teacher Burnout Methods for Avoiding Burnout Mentoring to Prevent BurnoutAppendix A To Mrs. Russell: Without You This Never Would Have HappenedGlossaryInde

Advanced Augmentative and Alternative Communication System Based in Physiological Control

Dyskinetic Cerebral Palsy (DCP) is mainly characterized by alterations in muscle tone and involuntary movements. Therefore, these people present with difficulties in coordination and movement control, which makes walking difficult and affects their posture when seated. Additionally, their cognitive performance varies between being completely normal and severe mental retardation. People with DCP were selected as the objective of this thesis due to their multiple and complex limitations (speech problems and motor control) and because their capabilities have a great margin for improvement thanks to physiological control systems. Given their communication difficulties, some people with DCP have good motor con-trol and can communicate with written language. However, most have difficulty using Augmentative and Alternative Communication (AAC) systems. People with DCP gen-erally use concept boards to indicate the idea they want to communicate. However, most communication solutions available today are based on proprietary software that makes it difficult to customize the concept board and this type of control system. This is the motivation behind this thesis, with the aim of creating an interface with characteristics, able to be adapted to the user needs and limitations. Thus, this thesis proposes an Augmentative and Alternative Communication System for people with DCP based on physiological control. In addition, an innovative system for direct con-trol of concept boards with EMG is proposed. This control system is based on a physi-cal model that reproduces the muscular mechanical response (stiffness, inertia and viscosity). It allows for a selection of elements thanks to small pulses of EMG signal with sensors on a muscle with motor control. Its main advantage is the possibility of correcting errors during selection associated with uncontrolled muscle impulses, avoid-ing sustained muscle effort and thus reduced fatigue.La Parálisis Cerebral de tipo Discinésica (DCP) se caracteriza principalmente por las alteraciones del tono muscular y los movimientos involuntarios. Por ello, estos pacientes presentan dificultades en la coordinación y en el control de movimientos, lo cual les dificulta el caminar y afecta su postura cuando están sentados. Cabe resaltar que la capacidad cognitiva de las personas con DCP puede variar desde completamente normal, hasta un retraso mental severo. Las personas con DCP han sido seleccionadas como objetivo de esta tesis ya el margen de mejora de sus capacidades es amplio gracias a sistemas de control fisiológico, debido a sus múltiples y complejas limitaciones (problemas de habla y control motor). Debido a sus dificultades de comunicación, algunas personas con DCP se pueden comunicar con lenguaje escrito, siempre y cuando tenga un buen control motor. Sin embargo, la mayoría tienen dificultades para usar sistemas de Comunicación Aumentativos y Alternativos (AAC). De hecho, las personas con DCP utilizan generalmente tableros de conceptos para indicar la idea que quieren transmitir. Sin embargo, la mayoría las soluciones de comunicación disponibles en la actualidad están basadas en software propietario que hacen difícil la personalización del tablero de conceptos y el tipo de sistema de control. Es aquí donde surge esta tesis, con el objetivo de crear una interfaz con esas características, capaz de adaptarse a las necesidades y limitaciones del usuario. De esta forma, esta tesis propone un sistema de comunicación aumentativo y alternativo para personas con DCP basado en control fisiológico. Además, se propone un Sistema innovador de control directo sobre tableros de conceptos basado en EMG. Este Sistema de control se basa en un modelo físico que reproduce la respuesta mecánica muscular (basado en parámetros como Rigidez, Inercia y Viscosidad), permitiendo la selección de elementos gracias a pequeños pulsos de señal EMG con sensores sobre un músculo con control motor. Sus principales ventajas son la posibilidad de corregir errores durante la selección asociado a los impulsos musculares no controlados, evitar el esfuerzo muscular mantenido para alcanzar un nivel y reducir la fatiga.La Paràlisi Cerebral de tipus Discinèsica (DCP) es caracteritza principalment per les alteracions del to muscular i els moviments involuntaris. Per açò, aquests pacients presenten dificultats en la coordinació i en el control de moviments, la qual cosa els dificulta el caminar i afecta la seua postura quan estan asseguts. Cal ressaltar que la capacitat cognitiva de les persones amb DCP pot variar des de completament normal, fins a un retard mental sever. Les persones amb DCP han sigut seleccionades com a objectiu d'aquesta tesi ja el marge de millora de les seues capacitats és ampli gràcies a sistemes de control fisiològic, a causa dels seus múltiples i complexes limitacions (problemes de parla i control motor). A causa de les seues dificultats de comunicació, algunes persones amb DCP es poden comunicar amb llenguatge escrit, sempre que tinga un bon control motor. No obstant açò, la majoria tenen dificultats per a usar sistemes de Comunicació Augmentatius i Alternatius (AAC). De fet, les persones amb DCP utilitzen generalment taulers de conceptes per a indicar la idea que volen transmetre. No obstant açò, la majoria les solucions de comunicació disponibles en l'actualitat estan basades en programari propietari que fan difícil la personalització del tauler de conceptes i el tipus de sistema de control. És ací on sorgeix aquesta tesi, amb l'objectiu de crear una interfície amb aqueixes característiques, capaç d'adaptar-se a les necessitats i limitacions de l'usuari. D'aquesta forma, aquesta tesi proposa un sistema de comunicació augmentatiu i alternatiu per a persones amb DCP basat en control fisiològic. A més, es proposa un sistema innovador de control directe sobre taulers de conceptes basat en EMG. Aquest sistema de control es basa en un model físic que reprodueix la resposta mecànica muscular (basat en paràmetres com a Rigidesa, Inèrcia i Viscositat), permetent la selecció d'elements gràcies a xicotets polsos de senyal EMG amb sensors sobre un múscul amb control motor. Els seus principals avantatges són la possibilitat de corregir errors durant la selecció associat als impulsos musculars no controlats, evitar l'esforç muscular mantingut per a aconseguir un nivell i reduir la fatiga.Díaz Pineda, JA. (2017). Advanced Augmentative and Alternative Communication System Based in Physiological Control [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/90418TESI

Preschool English teachers gaining bilingual competencies in a monolingual context

This study examines three preschool teachers’ developmental journeys from Foreign Language to Bilingual English teachers who participated in an in-service training over the course of nine months set in preschool education in Turkey. The data were teachers’ logs, two written interviews and observation notes. The research questions addressed the evidence for a developmental growth into bilingual teacher roles and examined how such development might influence these teachers. Adopting a longitudinal design, our study is informed by Benson’s (2004) categories of BE teacher competencies but modified to fit an EFL context with no history of heritage/colonial language. The findings indicate teachers’ roles of pedagogue, interactive communicator, and a previously uninduced role, translanguaging facilitator. In addition, we argue that these categories influence each other, because the theoretical pedagogical aspects and the practical language aspects inform each other. The evidence of growth into new bilingual teacher roles could offer implications for similar contexts, particularly by showing that kindergarten school teachers need to embrace and develop roles other than foreign language teacher.publishedVersio

Communicating the right message on the wrong medium: the construction of competent messages in medium rule-violation situations

2012 Summer.Includes bibliographical references.This study examines medium rule violations, or violations of people's expectancies for appropriate media selection. Examples of medium rule violations abound and include, for instance, breaking up through email and being fired over the phone. Previous scholarship (Gershon, 2010; Starks, 2007; Westmyer, DiCioccio, & Rubin, 1998) suggests that media selection may be, in some situations, a rule-governed behavior. This study proposes a unified term, "medium violations," for violations of such medium rules for appropriate media selection. In addition, it suggests a framework, drawn from Shimanoff's (1980) taxonomy of rule-governed behavior, for developing more competent messages in medium rule-violation situations. The taxonomy organizes rule-governed behaviors according to the communicator's conscious awareness of a rule when engaging in a rule-governed act. The study hypothesizes that the varying levels of rule-consciousness can be used to address communicators' face needs. Thus, the more rule-conscious the message, the more competent the message should be perceived in medium rule-violation situations. A two (situation type: medium rule adherent vs. medium rule violation) by five (message type: negative reflective, violation, no rule acknowledgment, following, positive reflective) experiment was conducted with 291 participants. In addition, a coding scheme to better understand participants' reactions to the medium selection was developed. The study found that messages in the medium rule-adherent situation were always viewed as more competent than medium rule-violation messages. Yet, negative reflective messages, messages where the communicator engaged in both self- and other-facework, were perceived as the most competent message type. No interaction effect between situation type and message type was found. This study sought to increase current knowledge on medium rules and the construction of messages in medium rule-adherent and violation situations. It suggested the existence and importance of medium rules in guiding mediated interactions, and it also demonstrated the utility of Shimanoff's (1980) taxonomy of rule-governed behavior in the construction of mediated messages. Further, the emotional reaction to the medium selection coding scheme was found to be reliable and may be useful in future empirical research

Communication of Teachers and Parents of Students in Optimizing Learning During the Pandemic Era at MIN 6 Jembrana Bali

One of the keys to the successful implementation of the learning process during the Covid-19 pandemic is intensive communication between teachers and parents of students. Because without communication there will be obstacles because elementary school students still need guidance from teachers and parents. The purpose of this study was to describe the communication between teachers and parents of students in optimizing learning during the pandemic at MIN 6 Jembrana This research uses a phenomenological qualitative approach. Collecting data in this study using the interview method. To test the validity of the data obtained, researchers used triangulation of data sources and triangulation of methods. The results of this study are: 1) The communication of teachers and parents of students at MIN 6 Jembrana during the Covid-19 pandemic in carrying out the teaching and learning process using the Sambang teacher program, namely visiting student houses to carry out the learning process. In addition, communication between teachers and parents is to form a whatsapp group for each class. 2) Constraints or challenges faced by teachers and parents during the Covid 19 pandemic are limitations in using cellphones, increased spending due to having to buy quotas, and availability of network / internet signal

Political Communication of Partai Keadilan Sejahtera (PKS) in The Empowering of the Muslim Community in North Sumatera

This study examines political communication, media communication used, how the obstacles and the extent to which the success of Partai Keadilan Sejahtera (PKS) to empowerment of Muslim communities in North Sumatera. As it is understood, political communication aims to construct, create and reinforce political messages, so that it succeeds in building a good opinion in the minds of the public towards about the party. And then the community gave support to the PKS.The results of this study reveal, that: First, the form of internal communication using communication down (downward communication)downward communication is a one-way communication that is a command to perform various programs of DPP which is downgraded to DPW to be implemented. While the form of external communication is the community empowerment program that has been successfully implemented is the Smart House, Healthy House, House of Concern, Home Alert and Disaster Response, Indonesian Family Home, Aspirations Home, House of Shariah Consultation, and lectures home. These programs are a form of political communication of PKS in the empowerment of Muslim communities in North Sumatera. Second, the media of PKS political communication in empowering the Muslim community using print and electronic media that are cooperative. Especially, PKS of North Sumatera has not owned its own mass media such as newspapers, magazines, television and radio. Related about it, PKS also uses WhatsApp facilities, Instagram, Facebook, Twitter, and Youtube. Third, the internal constraint faced is the commitment of the cadres to provide the best in accordance with the mottos “respect for the community”, while the external barrier is the emergence of new political parties with various identities, still rampant money politics activities making people immature in politics. Fourth, PKS has been able to raise the trust of the people of North Sumatera, especially the Muslim community that PKS is truly a people oriented towards a society that is just, prosperous and dignified