53 research outputs found
Construir el diálogo cientÃfico en la Matemática: la búsqueda del equilibrio entre sÃmbolos y palabras en artÃculos de investigación sobre TeorÃa de Juegos
MaestrÃa en Inglés con Orientación en LingüÃstica AplicadaMost scientific communication is conducted in English, which may be a difficult task and a source of
obstacles for researchers whose primary language is not English (Bitchenera & Basturkmen, 2006;
Borlogan, 2009; Duff, 2010; Matsuda & Matsuda, 2010). As a matter of concern for language scholars, this
situation requires at least two actions: (1) the development of research focused on the problems faced by
researchers when writing in a foreign language, and (2) the design and implementation of pedagogical and
didactic programmes or services aimed at providing researchers with the tools to enhance their linguistic
and rhetorical skills. In both cases, the ultimate objective of these lines of action is to help researchers
integrate into and interact with their knowledge communities in an independent, active and successful way.
Considering those needs and the emerging interest in English as a lingua franca or as an international
language, many scholars have devoted to studying the features of writing and language use across the world
and across disciplines (Hyland, 2004; Matsuda & Matsuda, 2010; Mercado, 2010). However, few have
explored the case of Mathematics (Lemke, 2002; Morgan, 2008; O’Halloran, 2005; Schleppegrell, 2007),
and even fewer have investigated the discourse of scientific research articles (SRA) in this discipline (Graves
& Moghadassi, 2013, 2014). In view of this situation, investigation of the discourse of science in the field of
Mathematics (Game Theory - GT) as used in the Institute of Applied Mathematics (IMASL), at the National
University of San Luis (UNSL), becomes both an answer to local researchers’ needs and an attempt to
contribute to current research in writing, evaluative discourse and use of English as an international language
for the communication of science. Thus, the main objective of this work is to conduct a comparative
description between unpublished GT SRAs written in English by IMASL researchers and published GT
SRAs written in English by international authors, in terms of linguistic features used to build authorship and
authorial stance. The exploration of the genre is made from the perspective of the system of Appraisal
(Hood, 2010; Martin & White, 2005; White, 2000), with the aid of Corpus Linguistics (CL) tools (Cheng,
2012; Meyer, 2002; Tognini-Bonelli, 2001). The results of this research are expected to be useful for the
enhancement of knowledge of language professionals devoted to the teaching of writing as well as
translation, proofreading, editing and reviewing services. A further goal is to lay the foundations for the
production of didactic material which can potentially be incorporated into writing courses or professional
writing, translation, reviewing and proofreading training programmes.Fil: Lucero Arrua, Graciela Beatriz. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Lenguas; Argentina
Incentives and Two-Sided Matching - Engineering Coordination Mechanisms for Social Clouds
The Social Cloud framework leverages existing relationships between members of a social network for the exchange of resources. This thesis focuses on the design of coordination mechanisms to address two challenges in this scenario. In the first part, user participation incentives are studied. In the second part, heuristics for two-sided matching-based resource allocation are designed and evaluated
Two-Sided Matching for mentor-mentee allocations—Algorithms and manipulation strategies
In scenarios where allocations are determined by participant’s preferences, Two-Sided Matching is a well-established approach with applications in College Admissions, School Choice, and Mentor-Mentee matching problems. In such a context, participants in the matching have preferences with whom they want to be matched with. This article studies two important concepts in Two-Sided Matching: multiple objectives when finding a solution, and manipulation of preferences by participants. We use real data sets from a Mentor-Mentee program for the evaluation to provide insight on realistic effects and implications of the two concepts. In the first part of the article, we consider the quality of solutions found by different algorithms using a variety of solution criteria. Most current algorithms focus on one criterion (number of participants matched), while not directly taking into account additional objectives. Hence, we evaluate different algorithms, including multi-objective heuristics, and the resulting trade-offs. The evaluation shows that existing algorithms for the considered problem sizes perform similarly well and close to the optimal solution, yet multi-objective heuristics provide the additional benefit of yielding solutions with better quality on multiple criteria. In the second part, we consider the effects of different types of preference manipulation on the participants and the overall solution. Preference manipulation is a concept that is well established in theory, yet its practical effects on the participants and the solution quality are less clear. Hence, we evaluate the effects of three manipulation strategies on the participants and the overall solution quality, and investigate if the effects depend on the used solution algorithm as well
School Choice as a One-Sided Matching Problem: Cardinal Utilities and Optimization
The school choice problem concerns the design and implementation of matching mechanisms that produce school assignments for students within a given public school district. Previously considered criteria for evaluating proposed mechanisms such as stability, strategyproofness and Pareto efficiency do not always translate into desirable student assignments. In this note, we explore a class of one-sided, cardinal utility maximizing matching mechanisms focused exclusively on student preferences. We adapt a well-known combinatorial optimization technique (the Hungarian algorithm) as the kernel of this class of matching mechanisms. We find that, while such mechanisms can be adapted to meet desirable criteria not met by any previously employed mechanism in the school choice literature, they are not strategyproof. We discuss the practical implications and limitations of our approach at the end of the article
Complexity of finding Pareto-efficient allocations of highest welfare
We allocate objects to agents as exemplified primarily by school choice. Welfare judgments of the objectallocating agency are encoded as edge weights in the acceptability graph. The welfare of an allocation
is the sum of its edge weights. We introduce the constrained welfare-maximizing solution, which is the
allocation of highest welfare among the Pareto-efficient allocations. We identify conditions under which
this solution is easily determined from a computational point of view. For the unrestricted case, we formulate an integer program and find this to be viable in practice as it quickly solves a real-world instance
of kindergarten allocation and large-scale simulated instances. Incentives to report preferences truthfully
are discussed briefly
Respecting improvement in markets with indivisible goods
We study markets with indivisible goods where monetary compensations are fixed (or are
not possible). Each individual is endowed with an object and a preference relation over all objects. Respect for improvement means that when the ranking of an agent’s endowment improves
in some other agent’s preference (while keeping other preferences unchanged), then this agent
weakly benefits from it. As a main result we show that on the strict domain individual rationality, strategy-proofness, and non-bossiness imply respecting improvement. As a consequence
we obtain that top trading with fixed-tie breaking and random tie-breaking, respectively, satisfy
respecting improvement on the weak domain. We further show that trading cycles rules with
fixed tie-breaking satisfy respecting improvement. Finally, we put our results in the contexts of
generalized matching problems, roommate problems and school choice
Pareto Optimal Allocation under Uncertain Preferences
The assignment problem is one of the most well-studied settings in social
choice, matching, and discrete allocation. We consider the problem with the
additional feature that agents' preferences involve uncertainty. The setting
with uncertainty leads to a number of interesting questions including the
following ones. How to compute an assignment with the highest probability of
being Pareto optimal? What is the complexity of computing the probability that
a given assignment is Pareto optimal? Does there exist an assignment that is
Pareto optimal with probability one? We consider these problems under two
natural uncertainty models: (1) the lottery model in which each agent has an
independent probability distribution over linear orders and (2) the joint
probability model that involves a joint probability distribution over
preference profiles. For both of the models, we present a number of algorithmic
and complexity results.Comment: Preliminary Draft; new results & new author
Matching under Preferences
Matching theory studies how agents and/or objects from different sets can be matched with each other while taking agents\u2019 preferences into account. The theory originated in 1962 with a celebrated paper by David Gale and Lloyd Shapley (1962), in which they proposed the Stable Marriage Algorithm as a solution to the problem of two-sided matching. Since then, this theory has been successfully applied to many real-world problems such as matching students to universities, doctors to hospitals, kidney transplant patients to donors, and tenants to houses. This chapter will focus on algorithmic as well as strategic issues of matching theory.
Many large-scale centralized allocation processes can be modelled by matching problems where agents have preferences over one another. For example, in China, over 10 million students apply for admission to higher education annually through a centralized process. The inputs to the matching scheme include the students\u2019 preferences over universities, and vice versa, and the capacities of each university. The task is to construct a matching that is in some sense optimal with respect to these inputs.
Economists have long understood the problems with decentralized matching markets, which can suffer from such undesirable properties as unravelling, congestion and exploding offers (see Roth and Xing, 1994, for details). For centralized markets, constructing allocations by hand for large problem instances is clearly infeasible. Thus centralized mechanisms are required for automating the allocation process.
Given the large number of agents typically involved, the computational efficiency of a mechanism's underlying algorithm is of paramount importance. Thus we seek polynomial-time algorithms for the underlying matching problems. Equally important are considerations of strategy: an agent (or a coalition of agents) may manipulate their input to the matching scheme (e.g., by misrepresenting their true preferences or underreporting their capacity) in order to try to improve their outcome. A desirable property of a mechanism is strategyproofness, which ensures that it is in the best interests of an agent to behave truthfully
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