Coordination, Cooperation, and Collaboration: Defining the C3 Framework

The term C3 refers to the framework of coordinative, cooperative and collaborative relationships within the realm of external supply chain partnerships. Each unique partnership offers both benefits and challenges within a supply chain and must be aligned with company and supply chain strategy in order to achieve maximum effectiveness. This paper aims to fill the current void in supply chain literature concerning C3 by defining each term based upon current supply chain research as well as give the most prevalent characteristics and differences between each “C” in this phase model. This research is then compared to the industry through a case study of a major international retailer. Finally, we propose a set of propositions that organizations can use to assess at what level their external relationships reside within the phase model as well as how companies move and evolve their relationships between the levels and what the trigger mechanisms are in this evolution

Incentivizing Creativity in Virtual Groups

Creativity is the key element of organizational success. Yet, adequately incentivizing people to be creative remains a problem without uniform solution. This study investigates the effect of incentive systems that rely on supervisor discretion on creativity of virtual groups. Adopting Social Interdependence Theory, we experimentally assess the effect of forced distribution rating systems (FDRS) and unrestricted distribution rating systems (UDRS) on idea generation and idea selection of groups collaborating in a virtual setting. We show that the competitive FDRSs – in which not every group member can obtain a top ranking - enhance idea generation, idea selection and overall creativity of virtual groups. We contribute to the literatures on creativity, virtual collaboration and incentive systems

Grantee Workshops Evaluation Summary

The McCune Charitable Foundation hosted 5 workshops in June 2016 to understand better if and how grantee organizations see themselves as interconnected change agents within the system of nonprofits in New Mexico. The foundation also sought to:* Share with attendees what the foundation has learned since rolling out its 2014 strategic plan * Create opportunities for all participants (including foundation staff) to see themselves as part of an interconnected ecosystem * Create opportunities for participants to make the connections between their work more visible and to network across organizations and sectors * Learn from participants the challenges and opportunities that working together within an ecosystem-like frame presents.Two overarching questions guided the workshops:1. How do we make the ways in which we are connected visible? 2. Once visible, how do we make these connections actionable

Health-industry linkages for local health: reframing policies for African health system strengthening

The benefits of local production of pharmaceuticals in Africa for local access to medicines and to effective treatment remain contested. There is scepticism among health systems experts internationally that production of pharmaceuticals in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) can provide competitive prices, quality and reliability of supply. Meanwhile low-income African populations continue to suffer poor access to a broad range of medicines, despite major international funding efforts. A current wave of pharmaceutical industry investment in SSA is associated with active African government promotion of pharmaceuticals as a key sector in industrialization strategies. We present evidence from interviews in 2013–15 and 2017 in East Africa that health system actors perceive these investments in local production as an opportunity to improve access to medicines and supplies. We then identify key policies that can ensure that local health systems benefit from the investments. We argue for a ‘local health’ policy perspective, framed by concepts of proximity and positionality, which works with local priorities and distinct policy time scales and identifies scope for incentive alignment to generate mutually beneficial health–industry linkages and strengthening of both sectors. We argue that this local health perspective represents a distinctive shift in policy framing: it is not necessarily in conflict with ‘global health’ frameworks but poses a challenge to some of its underlying assumptions

Incentive Mechanisms for Participatory Sensing: Survey and Research Challenges

Participatory sensing is a powerful paradigm which takes advantage of smartphones to collect and analyze data beyond the scale of what was previously possible. Given that participatory sensing systems rely completely on the users' willingness to submit up-to-date and accurate information, it is paramount to effectively incentivize users' active and reliable participation. In this paper, we survey existing literature on incentive mechanisms for participatory sensing systems. In particular, we present a taxonomy of existing incentive mechanisms for participatory sensing systems, which are subsequently discussed in depth by comparing and contrasting different approaches. Finally, we discuss an agenda of open research challenges in incentivizing users in participatory sensing.Comment: Updated version, 4/25/201

Bolder Together 2: Building Grassroots Movements for Change

California's demographics are changing fast, but rates of voting and civic participation haven't kept up. In four rapidly growing counties across the state, a group of funders is working with local organizations to support diverse communities to lift up their voice and exercise their power on issues that affect their rights and their quality of life. The work of the funders and their local partners is yielding important lessons as states and communities across the country begin to experience the dramatic demographic shifts that are transforming California. This new report documents key lessons for philanthropy from this work so far. The report is a follow-up to a 2011 report that told the story of the funders' early efforts. Now, after five years of grantmaking and intensive work in the four counties, California Civic Participation Funders tells a fuller story about how local organizations are coming together and working across issues to mobilize diverse communities to flex their democratic rights. The funders also reflect further on how philanthropy can work with local communities to create a nation where government acts in the interests of all of the people

Starting on the Path to a High Performance Health System: Analysis of Health System Reform Provisions of Reform Bills in the House of Representatives and Senate

Compares the reform bills' reform provisions, with a focus on closing the coverage gap by creating an insurance exchange of public and private plans, strengthening Medicare, and expanding Medicaid. Examines implications for the budget and coverage rates

An innovation-focused roadmap for a sustainable global photovoltaic industry

The solar photovoltaic (PV) industry has undergone a dramatic evolution over the past decade, growing at an average rate of 48 percent per year to a global market size of 31. GW in 2012, and with the price of crystalline-silicon PV module as low as $0.72/W in September 2013. To examine this evolution we built a comprehensive dataset from 2000 to 2012 for the PV industries in the United States, China, Japan, and Germany, which we used to develop a model to explain the dynamics among innovation, manufacturing, and market. A two-factor learning curve model is constructed to make explicit the effect of innovation from economies of scale. The past explosive growth has resulted in an oversupply problem, which is undermining the effectiveness of "demand-pull" policies that could otherwise spur innovation. To strengthen the industry we find that a policy shift is needed to balance the excitement and focus on market forces with a larger commitment to research and development funding. We use this work to form a set of recommendations and a roadmap that will enable a next wave of innovation and thus sustainable growth of the PV industry into a mainstay of the global energy economy. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd

High Road Economic Development: Best Practices

High Road Economic Development is an economic development strategy that emphasizes high quality jobs, environmental sustainability, and broad access to opportunities for a diversity of businesses and workers. High Road Economic Development prioritizes both a healthy economy and a healthy community. It ensures that public dollars result in both public good and economic growth, and that economic benefits are distributed equitably. The following list captures many best practices of High Road Economic Development. In a high road project, these principles and practices would apply to any developers, businesses, contractors and sub-contractors involved in the project and often would be reflected in an enforceable community benefit agreement