11 research outputs found
Implantation dâun systeÌme de videÌosurveillance intelligente pour deÌtecter les chutes en milieu de vie
Introduction. Le vieillissement de la population est associeÌ aÌ un risque accru de chute menaçant le maintien des aiÌneÌs aÌ domicile et dans la communauteÌ. Les nombreuses conseÌquences neÌfastes des chutes sur la santeÌ de lâaiÌneÌ (ex : blessures) et sur son indeÌpendance sont reÌduites lorsque la prise en charge postchute est rapide. Or les proches-aidants intervenant aupreÌs des aiÌneÌs en cas de chute ne sont pas assez nombreux et sont souvent conduits aÌ lâeÌpuisement en raison du fardeau lieÌ aux soins apporteÌs aÌ lâaiÌneÌ (Ducharme, 2006; Wolff et al., 2017; World Health Organization, 2015). LâeÌlaboration dâalternatives pour deÌtecter et alerter lors de chutes devient incontournable pour faciliter le maintien aÌ domicile et dans la communauteÌ en seÌcuriteÌ et pour maintenir une qualiteÌ de vie (van Hoof, Kort, Rutten, & Duijnstee, 2011).
De nombreuses technologies de deÌtection des chutes ont eÌteÌ deÌveloppeÌes. Cependant elles ont des limites (ex : lâenregistrement de donneÌes personnelles) que le systeÌme de videÌosurveillance intelligente (VSI) deÌveloppeÌ par notre eÌquipe tente de compenser. La VSI est composeÌe dâune cameÌra relieÌe aÌ un ordinateur, lui-meÌme relieÌ aÌ Internet. BaseÌe sur une analyse informatiseÌe de lâimage, la VSI deÌtecte automatiquement la chute et envoie une alerte au reÌpondant choisi (ex : le proche-aidant) sur son cellulaire, son ordinateur ou sa tablette. Elle preÌserve la vie priveÌe par son fonctionnement en circuit fermeÌ : en absence de chute, les images sont deÌtruites; lors dâune chute, une image de la chute est transmise au reÌpondant, cette image peut eÌtre brouilleÌe aÌ la demande de lâaiÌneÌ. Si lâaiÌneÌ lâautorise, il est possible dâenregistrer les 30 secondes preÌceÌdant la chute pour documenter ses causes. Les travaux anteÌrieurs montrent que la VSI a le potentiel de reÌpondre aux besoins des usagers (Lapierre et al., 2016, 2015; Londei et al., 2009; Rougier, St-Arnaud, Rousseau, & Meunier, 2011). Cependant, il importe de valider sa technologie et dâexplorer la perception des usagers dans des conditions eÌcologiques (aÌ domicile aupreÌs dâaiÌneÌs chuteurs) (Atoyebi, Stewart, & Sampson, 2015).
But de lâeÌtude. BaseÌ sur le ModeÌle de compeÌtence expliquant les relations personne- environnement (Rousseau, 2017), cette theÌse a pour but dâexplorer la faisabiliteÌ de lâimplantation de la VSI pour deÌtecter les chutes aÌ domicile afin dâameÌliorer la qualiteÌ de vie de lâaiÌneÌ et diminuer le fardeau du proche-aidant.
MeÌthodologie. La theÌse suit un devis de recherche de deÌveloppement (Contandriopoulos, Champagne, Potvin, Denis, & Boyle, 2005) en quatre eÌtapes.
LâeÌtape 1 consistait en deux revues de la porteÌe (Daudt, Van Mossel, & Scott, 2013) traitant respectivement des technologies de deÌtection des chutes et des technologies de gestion de lâerrance. Plusieurs banques de donneÌes ont eÌteÌ exploreÌes (ex: CINHAL, Medline, Embase). Chaque eÌtape de seÌlection des eÌtudes, puis dâextraction et dâanalyse des donneÌes a eÌteÌ reÌaliseÌe indeÌpendamment par deux co-auteurs. Leurs reÌsultats ont eÌteÌ compareÌs et les deÌsaccords ont eÌteÌ reÌsolus par consensus ou par lâintervention dâun tiers. Les donneÌes extraites ont eÌteÌ analyseÌes de façon descriptive (Fortin & Gagnon, 2015).
LâeÌtape 2 eÌtait une eÌtude de cas multiples (Yin, 2014) aupreÌs de six aiÌneÌes chuteuses vivant seules, concernant lâimplantation aÌ domicile dâune version preÌalable aÌ la VSI, la videÌosurveillance programmable (VSP). La VSP a eÌteÌ installeÌe durant sept nuits chez les participantes pour observer leurs deÌplacements lors des leveÌs la nuit pour aller aÌ la toilette. Des entrevues semi-structureÌes ont eÌteÌ reÌaliseÌes avant puis apreÌs lâexpeÌrimentation. Les donneÌes ont eÌteÌ analyseÌes qualitativement (Miles, Huberman, & Saldana, 2014; Yin, 2014).
LâeÌtape 3 eÌtait une preuve de concept en deux phases : 1) une eÌtude de simulation en appartement-laboratoire (Contandriopoulos, Champagne, Potvin, Denis, & Boyle, 2005) et 2) un preÌ-test au domicile de jeunes adultes. La phase 1 impliquait la simulation de scenarios de la vie quotidienne et de scenarios de chutes afin dâestimer la sensibiliteÌ, la speÌcificiteÌ, le taux dâerreur et la preÌcision de la VSI. Le preÌ-test consistait en lâimplantation de la VSI aÌ domicile pendant 28 jours afin dâanticiper les difficulteÌs technologiques lieÌes aÌ une implantation prolongeÌe. Pour les deux phases, un journal de bord a eÌteÌ compleÌteÌ afin de documenter le fonctionnement de la VSI puis les donneÌes ont eÌteÌ analyseÌes descriptivement.
LâeÌtape 4 eÌtait une eÌtude de cas multiples (Yin, 2014) aupreÌs de trois dyades aiÌneÌs/proches-aidants. Les aiÌneÌs inclus, preÌsentant un risque de chute eÌleveÌ, vivaient seuls aÌ domicile. La VSI eÌtait implanteÌe pour deux mois, avec le proche-aidant comme destinataire des alertes. Une entrevue semi-structureÌe eÌtait reÌaliseÌe, avant, aÌ mi-parcours et apreÌs lâexpeÌrimentation. Les donneÌes ont eÌteÌ analyseÌes qualitativement (Miles, Huberman, & Saldana, 2014; Yin, 2014).
ReÌsultats. Les reÌsultats ont abouti aÌ lâadaptation de la VSI pour explorer la faisabiliteÌ de son implantation aÌ domicile afin de deÌtecter les chutes graves. LâeÌtape 1 a souligneÌ les lacunes dans la litteÌrature, dont certaines ont eÌteÌ combleÌes par le projet de theÌse (ex : manque dâeÌtude explorant lâimplantation de systeÌmes ambiants dans des domiciles varieÌs). Cette eÌtape a aussi permis dâidentifier les façons de bonifier la VSI et sa proceÌdure dâimplantation. LâeÌtape 2 a mis en eÌvidence des facteurs pouvant faciliter ou freiner lâimplantation de systeÌmes de cameÌras aÌ domicile. LâeÌtape 3 a permis de valider la technologie de la VSI dans un environnement similaire aÌ celui de lâaiÌneÌ et de reÌsoudre les probleÌmes techniques lieÌs aÌ lâimplantation prolongeÌe du systeÌme. Enfin, lâeÌtape 4 a permis dâexplorer la faisabiliteÌ de lâimplantation de la VSI au domicile dâaiÌneÌs chuteurs pendant une peÌriode de deux mois.
Discussion. Cette recherche de deÌveloppement a permis dâadapter la VSI pour son implantation graÌce aÌ plusieurs eÌtapes de recherche (des revues de la porteÌe, une preuve de concept, eÌtude de cas multiple) puis de montrer la faisabiliteÌ de son implantation. Les reÌsultats ont abouti aÌ lâidentification de facteurs influençant lâimplantation de la VSI aÌ domicile et ont permis dâeÌmettre des recommandations aÌ cet eÌgard. Cette recherche est originale notamment sur trois aspects: 1) lâimplication dâune eÌquipe multidisciplinaire, 2) une conception technologique centreÌe sur lâusager, 3) lâimplantation aÌ domicile de la technologie. MeÌme si des deÌfis persistent quant aÌ son implantation aÌ domicile (ex. reÌduire lâeÌcart de performance du systeÌme entre lâappartement-laboratoire et le domicile), cette eÌtude encourage la poursuite du deÌveloppement de la VSI.
Conclusion. Cette theÌse visait aÌ reÌpondre aÌ la probleÌmatique des chutes des aiÌneÌs aÌ domicile graÌce aÌ lâimplantation dâun systeÌme de videÌosurveillance intelligente pour alerter automatiquement le proche-aidant. Les reÌsultats de cette recherche de deÌveloppement, soulignent que la VSI serait une avenue prometteuse pour deÌtecter les chutes graves, alerter le proche et documenter la cause des chutes. Les futures recherches sur lâimplantation de technologies similaires devraient impliquer des devis de recherche quantitatifs, avec notamment des profils plus varieÌs de proches-aidants et une implantation plus longue pour deÌmontrer les effets de la VSI. La VSI pourrait ensuite devenir accessible aux aiÌneÌs afin de ïżŒïżŒsoutenir leur maintien aÌ domicile et dans la communauteÌ et soulager le fardeau des proches- aidants.Introduction. Aging is associated with an increased risk of fall, which threatens Aging in Place. The numerous and serious consequences of falls on the older adultâs health and independence are reduced with a quick intervention. Yet the informal caregivers, who often intervene in case of a fall are not numerous enough and are often worn out because of the burden related to the care provided for the older adult (Ducharme, 2006; Wolff et al., 2017; World Health Organization, 2015). The development of alternatives to detect and alert in case of a fall becomes essential to facilitate Aging in Place in safety and to maintain a quality of life (van Hoof, Kort, Rutten, & Duijnstee, 2011).
Many fall detection systems have been developed. However, they have limits (eg. the recording of personal data), that the intelligent videomonitoring system (IVS) tries to compensate. The IVS is composed of one camera linked to a computer and to the Internet. Based on the computerized analysis of the images, the IVS automatically detects falls and sends an alert to the chosen recipient (eg. the informal caregiver) on his smartphone, computer or tablet. The IVS preserves privacy with its closed circuit functioning: without a fall, the images are destroyed; in case of a fall, an image of the fall can be sent to the recipient. This image can be blurred at the request of the older adult. The 30 seconds before the fall can be recorded to document its causes, if the older adult authorizes it. Previous studies on the IVS show that the IVS has the potential to answer the usersâ needs (Lapierre et al., 2016, 2015; Londei et al., 2009; Rougier, St-Arnaud, Rousseau, & Meunier, 2011). However, it is important to validate its technology and explore usersâ perception in ecological conditions (at home with older adults at risk of fall) (Atoyebi, Stewart, & Sampson, 2015).
Purpose. Based on the Model of Competence explaining the person-environment interactions (Rousseau, 2017), the study aims to explore the feasibility of the IVS implementation to detect falls at home in order to improve the older adultâs quality of life and decrease the caregiverâs burden.
Methodology. The thesis follows a development research design (Contandriopoulos, Champagne, Potvin, Denis, & Boyle, 2005) in four steps.
Step 1 was two scoping reviews (Daudt, Van Mossel, & Scott, 2013) on fall detection technology and on wandering management technology respectively. Many databases have been searched (eg. CINHAL, Medline, Embase). Each step of the study selection, data extraction and analysis have been independently realised by two co-authors. Results were compared and disagreements were solved by consensus or by a third part intervention. Extracted data were descriptively analysed (Fortin & Gagnon, 2015).
Step 2 was a multiple case study (Yin, 2014) with six older adults living alone with a risk of fall, on the implementation of a previous version of the IVS, the programmable videomonitoring system. The programmable videomonitoring system was installed for seven nights at home to observe participants walk when they went to the bathroom at night. Semi- structured interviews were realised before and after the experiment. Data were qualitatively analysed (Miles, Huberman, & Saldana, 2014).
Step 3 was a proof of concept in two phases: 1) a simulation study in an apartment- laboratory (Contandriopoulos, Champagne, Potvin, Denis, & Boyle, 2005) and 2) a pre-test at home with young adults. Phase 1 implied a simulation of daily living scenarios and falls scenarios to estimate the sensitivity, specificity, error rate and accuracy of the IVS. The pre- test consisted in the implementation of the IVS at home for 28 days to anticipate the technological difficulties related to extended implementation. For the two phases, a logbook was completed to document the IVS functioning, then data were descriptively analysed.
Step 4 was a multiple case study (Yin, 2014) with three dyads of older adults/caregivers. The included older adults had a high risk of fall and lived alone. The IVS was implemented for a two-month period with the informal caregiver as the alerts recipient. A semi-structured interview was realised before, at mid-term, and after the experiment. Data were qualitatively analysed (Miles, Huberman, & Saldana, 2014).
Results. Results encompass the adaptation of the IVS to explore the feasibility of its implementation at home to detect serious falls. Step 1 highlighted the gaps in the literature, some of which were filled by the thesis project (eg. lack of studies exploring the implementation of ambient system in various homes). This step also enabled us to identify ways to improve the IVS and its implementation process. Step 2 highlighted factors facilitating or hindering the implementation of cameras system at home. Step 3 has enabled us to validate the technology in a similar environment to the older adultâs home and to solve technical difficulties related to the prolonged implementation. Finally, step 4 enabled us to explore the feasibility of the implementation of the IVS at older adultsâ home for a two-month period.
Discussion. This development research enabled us to adapt the IVS for its implementation by means of four research steps (scoping reviews, proof of concept, multiple case study), and then to show the feasibility of its implementation. Results led to the identification of factors influencing the IVS at home and enabled us to make recommendations in this regard. This thesis is original on three aspects: 1) the implication of a multidisciplinary team, 2) a user-based conception, 3) the implementation of the technology at home. Despite the remaining challenges regarding the implementation (eg. the performance discrepancy between the home and the apartment-laboratory), this study encourages the further development of the VSI.
Conclusion. This thesis aimed to address the problematic of falls at home thanks to the implementation of the IVS to automatically alert the informal caregiver. Results from this development research highlight that the IVS may be a promising way to detect serious falls, to alert the caregiver and document the falls causes. Future researches should be involving quantitative designs, more specifically with more various profiles of informal caregivers and a longer period of implementation, to demonstrate the IVS outcomes. The IVS could then become accessible to the older adult to support Aging in place and relieve the caregiverâs burden
Integrated vulnerability assessment of coastal communities to natural hazards in a climate change context : the cases of Avignon (Canada) Kilkeel (United Kingdom) and Chipiona (Spain) = Ăvaluation intĂ©grĂ©e de la vulnĂ©rabilitĂ© des communautĂ©s cĂŽtiĂšres faisant face aux alĂ©as naturels dans un contexte de changements climatiques : les cas d'Avignon (Canada), Kilkeel (Royaume-Uni) et Chipiona (Espagne)
RĂSUMĂ: Les changements climatiques obligent les communautĂ©s cĂŽtiĂšres de partout Ă travers le monde Ă sâadapter Ă lâaugmentation des risques dâalĂ©as dâĂ©rosion cĂŽtiĂšre et de submersion par la mer. LâĂ©rosion cĂŽtiĂšre affecte particuliĂšrement les systĂšmes cĂŽtiers meubles situĂ©s autour de lâocĂ©an nord-atlantique. Depuis 20 ans, le cadre conceptuel qui sâest imposĂ© pour gĂ©rer cet enjeu Ă lâĂ©chelle des communautĂ©s cĂŽtiĂšres est celui de la vulnĂ©rabilitĂ© aux changements climatiques â « une condition rĂ©sultant de facteurs physiques, sociaux, Ă©conomiques ou environnementaux qui prĂ©dispose les Ă©lĂ©ments exposĂ©s Ă la manifestation dâun alĂ©a Ă en subir des prĂ©judices ou des dommages », telle que dĂ©finie par la StratĂ©gie internationale de prĂ©vention des catastrophes des Nations Unies. Dans ces conditions, les mĂ©thodes dâĂ©valuation de la vulnĂ©rabilitĂ© cĂŽtiĂšre comportent trois limites principales freinant leur utilisation sur les cĂŽtes qui bordent lâAtlantique Nord, constituĂ©es de dĂ©pĂŽts meubles et particuliĂšrement sensibles Ă lâalĂ©a dâĂ©rosion : 1) lâĂ©rosion cĂŽtiĂšre est souvent absente des Ă©tudes ou reprĂ©sentĂ©e par des indicateurs qui nĂ©gligent la complexitĂ© des interactions entre les milieux terrestre, marin, atmosphĂ©rique et humain ; 2) de nombreuses Ă©valuations des impacts sur les communautĂ©s cĂŽtiĂšres se limitent Ă une vision centrĂ©e sur les pertes Ă©conomiques et omettent des facteurs sociĂ©taux importants, comme les perceptions de risque et de la gouvernance, le contexte institutionnel et lâhĂ©ritage dâadaptation ; 3) la faible opĂ©rationnalitĂ© des Ă©valuations de vulnĂ©rabilitĂ© cĂŽtiĂšre pour des non scientifiques et leur reproductibilitĂ© dĂ©ficiente pour des environnements continus et gĂ©odiversifiĂ©s limite grandement leur utilisation pour la prise de dĂ©cision. Devant ces dĂ©fis, cette thĂšse par articles a pour objectif principal de dĂ©velopper une mĂ©thode dâĂ©valuation de la vulnĂ©rabilitĂ© qui repose sur une vision Ă©cosociosystĂ©mique des communautĂ©s cĂŽtiĂšres. Trois petites communautĂ©s ont Ă©tĂ© comparĂ©es, au QuĂ©bec, en Irlande du Nord et dans le sud de lâEspagne. Lâapproche est multidisciplinaire et participative. Elle sâappuie sur des mĂ©thodes mixtes : elle est en partie qualitative et en partie quantitative. Le premier chapitre porte sur la quantification des perceptions de risque dans les communautĂ©s cĂŽtiĂšres, Ă la lumiĂšre du concept de conscientisation fonctionnelle. Ă partir des observations citoyennes de modifications de lâenvironnement, nous avons mesurĂ© le degrĂ© de correspondance avec les observations gĂ©oscientifiques et lâintention de changement comportemental vers des solutions durables. Les rĂ©sultats soulignent lâimportance de deux Ă©lĂ©ments dans la prĂ©fĂ©rence pour des solutions de gestion prĂ©ventive des risques : les efforts gouvernementaux pour informer et sensibiliser les citoyens ; et lâexpĂ©rience rĂ©pĂ©tĂ©e dâĂ©vĂšnements extrĂȘmes. La principale retombĂ©e consiste en un nouveau jeu dâindicateurs Ă intĂ©grer dans lâĂ©valuation de la vulnĂ©rabilitĂ©. Le deuxiĂšme chapitre traite des perceptions de la gouvernance des risques cĂŽtiers, soutenu par deux jeux dâindicateurs novateurs sur : 1) lâattitude des communautĂ©s vis-Ă -vis dâune gestion durable de la cĂŽte et 2) la cohĂ©rence des prĂ©fĂ©rences entre les citoyens et les gestionnaires Ă propos de la gouvernance. Ce chapitre met en lumiĂšre lâimpact dâun biais Ă©motif de perception chez les citoyens, qui Ă©branle la capacitĂ© Ă dialoguer avec les gestionnaires (QuĂ©bec) et lâimportance des facteurs de diversion de lâintĂ©rĂȘt citoyen pour la gestion cĂŽtiĂšre collaborative, comme des tensions interculturelles (Irlande du Nord) ou une rĂ©cession Ă©conomique (Espagne). Le troisiĂšme chapitre prĂ©sente le Diagnostic de vulnĂ©rabilitĂ© intĂ©grĂ©e des communautĂ©s cĂŽtiĂšres et son application Ă la communautĂ© nord-irlandaise. Cet outil multidisciplinaire rassemble de maniĂšre systĂ©matique des analyses et des indicateurs gĂ©omorphologiques, environnementaux, sociĂ©taux, institutionnels et dâadaptation/rĂ©silience. La dĂ©marche touche autant la communautĂ© que le contexte qui lâentoure. Certaines donnĂ©es ont dâailleurs Ă©tĂ© rĂ©coltĂ©es Ă lâaide des citoyens concernĂ©s. Un visalisateur a Ă©tĂ© conçu Ă lâintention des utilisateurs non spĂ©cialistes. Il synthĂ©tise les donnĂ©es de vulnĂ©rabilitĂ© et les reprĂ©sente spatialement Ă lâĂ©chelle des cellules hydrosĂ©dimentaires. Le Diagnostic peut sâappliquer dans des environnements cĂŽtiers diversifiĂ©s. Avec un temps et des ressources minimales, il permet de cerner des pistes dâaction ancrĂ©es dans le contexte local pour rĂ©duire la vulnĂ©rabilitĂ©. La contribution novatrice de cette thĂšse est Ă la fois issue de lâavancement des connaissances depuis une perspective multidisciplinaire, mais aussi de lâopĂ©rationnalisation de ces connaissances depuis la collecte de la donnĂ©e source jusquâĂ un outil fonctionnel et reproductible. Les limites sont Ă la mesure dâun projet portĂ© par une seule personne, mais cette dĂ©marche ouvre la voie Ă de vĂ©ritables dĂ©veloppements des connaissances et de la gestion multidisciplinaire des cĂŽtes. -- Mot(s) clĂ©(s) en français : vulnĂ©rabilitĂ©, risques cĂŽtiers, changements climatiques, perceptions, gouvernance. -- ABSTRACT: In the context of climate change, worldwide coastal communities need to adapt to increasing risks of coastal flooding and erosion. Coastal erosion particularly impacts the soft coastal systems fringing the North Atlantic Ocean. To manage this stake at the scale of coastal communities, since 20 years, the conceptual framework of vulnerability to climate change was renowed â the characteristics and circumstances of a community, system or asset that make it susceptible to the damaging effects of a hazard, arising from various physical, social, economic, and environmental actors, as defined by the United Nations International Strategy for Disaster Reduction. However, the coastal vulnerability assessment methods comprise three main limits that prevent their effective use in coastal management on the shore of the North Atlantic Ocean. First, coastal erosion is often absent or represented by simplistic indicators or projections that neglect the complex interactions between terrestrial, marine, atmospheric and human environments. Second, many impact assessments on coastal communities are limited to landloss economical perspective. In constrast, important socioeconomic factors are much less frequent, such as risk and governance perceptions, the institutional context and adaptation heritage. Third, the weak operationality of coastal vulnerability assessments for non-scientist and their deficient reproducibility for continous and geodiversified environments greatly limit their use for real-life decisions. Giving these gaps, the main objective of this thesis organized by articles is to develop a vulnerability assessment method that builds from an ecosociosystemic perspective about coastal communities. Three small communities were compared in Quebec, Northern Ireland and Andalucia. The approach is anchored in multidisciplinarity and uses mixed methods: it is partly qualitative and participative, and partly quantitative. The first chapter is about quantifying the coastal risk perceptions in communities, based on the the concept of functional awareness. From the citizenâs observations of environmental changes, we measured the degree of correspondance between goescientific data and observations, and the intention of behavioural change towards sustainable solutions. The main output consist in a set of indicators to integrate into the vulnerability assessment. The results highlight the importance of governmental efforts to inform and raise awareness of citizens about coastal risks, and that of repeated experience of extreme events into the preference for long-term strategies for reducing risks. The second chapter measures the perceptions relative to governance of coastal risks, based on two indicator sets about : 1) the identification of citizenâs attitude towards sustainable management of the coastline and 2) the coherence of preference citizens and managers about the governance architecture (inclusiveness, leadership, power sharing). This chapter uncovers the impact of emotional bias in the citizenâs perceptions, which can affect the capacity to dialogue objectively with the managers (QuĂ©bec), along with the importance of factors diverging the citizensâ interest for coastal collaborative mangement, such as inter-cultural tensions (Northern Ireland) or economic precariousness (Andalucia). The third chapter presents the Cosatal Community Integrated Vulnerability Diagnosis and its application the Northern Irish community. The method sketches a multidisciplinary profile of impacts and adaptation/resilience from the two previous contributions, together with 1) the description of regional environmental changes anticipated in the next decades, 2) scenarios of shoreline evolution based on the local historical evolution and a precaution principle, 3) a innovative method to asses the adequation between the coastal protection structures and the coastal dynamics, 4) a spatial evaluation of the assets exposed assets, the intangible impacts and adaptation and resilience factors, and 5) an institutional analysis of the completedness of tools and the cross-actors dynamics. Moreover, the representation of spatial information, at the scale of hydrosedimentary cells, is supported by a vulnerability viewer aimed for non-specialist users. The Diagnosis may be repeated in geodiverse coastal environments and, with minimal time and resources, it allows to identify the targets anchored in the local context that could lead to vulnreability reduction strategies. The innovative contribution of this thesis come not only from the increase in multidisciplinary knowledge, but also from the implementation of this knowledge into a functional and reproducible tool. The limits correspond to a single-person project, but this approach open the perspectives towards genuine developments in terms of knowledge and multidisciplinary coastal management. -- Mot(s) clĂ©(s) en anglais : vulnerability, coastal risks, climate change, perceptions, governance
Factors Influencing Customer Satisfaction towards E-shopping in Malaysia
Online shopping or e-shopping has changed the world of business and quite a few people have
decided to work with these features. What their primary concerns precisely and the responses from
the globalisation are the competency of incorporation while doing their businesses. E-shopping has
also increased substantially in Malaysia in recent years. The rapid increase in the e-commerce
industry in Malaysia has created the demand to emphasize on how to increase customer satisfaction
while operating in the e-retailing environment. It is very important that customers are satisfied with
the website, or else, they would not return. Therefore, a crucial fact to look into is that companies
must ensure that their customers are satisfied with their purchases that are really essential from the ecommerceâs
point of view. With is in mind, this study aimed at investigating customer satisfaction
towards e-shopping in Malaysia. A total of 400 questionnaires were distributed among students
randomly selected from various public and private universities located within Klang valley area.
Total 369 questionnaires were returned, out of which 341 questionnaires were found usable for
further analysis. Finally, SEM was employed to test the hypotheses. This study found that customer
satisfaction towards e-shopping in Malaysia is to a great extent influenced by ease of use, trust,
design of the website, online security and e-service quality. Finally, recommendations and future
study direction is provided.
Keywords: E-shopping, Customer satisfaction, Trust, Online security, E-service quality, Malaysia
Conférence Nationale d'Intelligence Artificielle Année 2020
National audienc
Excitation électronique et relaxation de matériaux soumis à une irradiation laser ultrabrÚve
La synthĂšse de mes travaux de recherche est prĂ©sentĂ©e dans la suite de maniĂšre Ă reflĂ©ter lanature multi-Ă©chelle et multi-applicative du travail rĂ©alisĂ©, se dĂ©tachant ainsi du sens chronologiquede sa rĂ©alisation. En guise dâintroduction, je prĂ©senterai le contexte de lâĂ©tude puis la secondepartie sera dĂ©volue aux aspects fondamentaux de lâinteraction laser ultracourt-solide, mettant enlumiĂšre les remarquables degrĂ©s dâexcitation atteignables et les Ă©tats de matiĂšre exotiques associĂ©s.Lâexcitation dâondes de surface et les structures pĂ©riodiques en rĂ©sultant, est un des thĂšmes majeursde mon travail actuel et constitue logiquement la troisiĂšme partie de ce document de synthĂšse. LaquatriĂšme partie est consacrĂ©e Ă lâĂ©tude des produits dâablation, avec pour fil conducteur la miseen forme temporelle des impulsions afin dâoptimiser lâexcitation des espĂšces en phase plasma. UnecinquiĂšme partie se focalise sur lâinteraction en volume dâun matĂ©riau, en particulier pour le casde diĂ©lectriques transitoirement mĂ©tallisĂ©s. La derniĂšre partie dresse une synthĂšse des travaux etdĂ©taille les actions Ă©mergentes pour augmenter la synergie entre le rayonnement et la rĂ©ponsesouhaitĂ©e du matĂ©riau irradiĂ©
13th International Conference on Modeling, Optimization and Simulation - MOSIM 2020
ComitĂ© dâorganisation: UniversitĂ© Internationale dâAgadir â Agadir (Maroc) Laboratoire Conception Fabrication Commande â Metz (France)Session RS-1 âSimulation et Optimisationâ / âSimulation and Optimizationâ Session RS-2 âPlanification des Besoins MatiĂšres PilotĂ©e par la Demandeâ / âDemand-Driven Material Requirements Planningâ Session RS-3 âIngĂ©nierie de SystĂšmes BasĂ©es sur les ModĂšlesâ / âModel-Based System Engineeringâ Session RS-4 âRecherche OpĂ©rationnelle en Gestion de Productionâ / "Operations Research in Production Management" Session RS-5 "Planification des MatiĂšres et des Ressources / Planification de la Productionâ / âMaterial and Resource Planning / Production Planning" Session RS-6 âMaintenance Industrielleâ / âIndustrial Maintenanceâ Session RS-7 "Etudes de Cas Industrielsâ / âIndustrial Case Studies" Session RS-8 "DonnĂ©es de Masse / Analyse de DonnĂ©esâ / âBig Data / Data Analytics" Session RS-9 "Gestion des SystĂšmes de Transportâ / âTransportation System Management" Session RS-10 "Economie Circulaire / DĂ©veloppement Durable" / "Circular Economie / Sustainable Development" Session RS-11 "Conception et Gestion des ChaĂźnes Logistiquesâ / âSupply Chain Design and Management" Session SP-1 âIntelligence Artificielle & Analyse de DonnĂ©es pour la Production 4.0â / âArtificial Intelligence & Data Analytics in Manufacturing 4.0â Session SP-2 âGestion des Risques en Logistiqueâ / âRisk Management in Logisticsâ Session SP-3 âGestion des Risques et Evaluation de Performanceâ / âRisk Management and Performance Assessmentâ Session SP-4 "Indicateurs ClĂ©s de Performance 4.0 et Dynamique de Prise de DĂ©cisionâ / â4.0 Key Performance Indicators and Decision-Making Dynamics" Session SP-5 "Logistique Maritimeâ / âMarine Logistics" Session SP-6 âTerritoire et Logistique : Un SystĂšme Complexeâ / âTerritory and Logistics: A Complex Systemâ Session SP-7 "Nouvelles AvancĂ©es et Applications de la Logique Floue en Production Durable et en Logistiqueâ / âRecent Advances and Fuzzy-Logic Applications in Sustainable Manufacturing and Logistics" Session SP-8 âGestion des Soins de SantĂ©â / âHealth Care Managementâ Session SP-9 âIngĂ©nierie Organisationnelle et Gestion de la ContinuitĂ© de Service des SystĂšmes de SantĂ© dans lâEre de la Transformation NumĂ©rique de la SociĂ©tĂ©â / âOrganizational Engineering and Management of Business Continuity of Healthcare Systems in the Era of Numerical Society Transformationâ Session SP-10 âPlanification et Commande de la Production pour lâIndustrie 4.0â / âProduction Planning and Control for Industry 4.0â Session SP-11 âOptimisation des SystĂšmes de Production dans le Contexte 4.0 Utilisant lâAmĂ©lioration Continueâ / âProduction System Optimization in 4.0 Context Using Continuous Improvementâ Session SP-12 âDĂ©fis pour la Conception des SystĂšmes de Production Cyber-Physiquesâ / âChallenges for the Design of Cyber Physical Production Systemsâ Session SP-13 âProduction AvisĂ©e et DĂ©veloppement Durableâ / âSmart Manufacturing and Sustainable Developmentâ Session SP-14 âLâHumain dans lâUsine du Futurâ / âHuman in the Factory of the Futureâ Session SP-15 âOrdonnancement et PrĂ©vision de ChaĂźnes Logistiques RĂ©silientesâ / âScheduling and Forecasting for Resilient Supply Chains