Roof materials identification based on pleiades spectral responses using supervised classification

The current urban environment is very dynamic and always changes both physically and socio-economically very quickly. Monitoring urban areas is one of the most relevant issues related to evaluating human impacts on environmental change. Nowadays remote sensing technology is increasingly being used in a variety of applications including mapping and modeling of urban areas. The purpose of this paper is to classify the Pleiades data for the identification of roof materials. This classification is based on data from satellite image spectroscopy results with very high resolution. Spectroscopy is a technique for obtaining spectrum or wavelengths at each position from various spatial data so that images can be recognized based on their respective spectral wavelengths. The outcome of this study is that high-resolution remote sensing data can be used to identify roof material and can map further in the context of monitoring urban areas. The overall value of accuracy and Kappa Coefficient on the method that we use is equal to 92.92% and 0.9069

Image-based Automated Width Measurement of Surface Cracking

The detection of cracks is an important monitoring task in civil engineering infrastructure devoted to ensuring durability, structural safety, and integrity. It has been traditionally performed by visual inspection, and the measurement of crack width has been manually obtained with a crack-width comparator gauge (CWCG). Unfortunately, this technique is time-consuming, suffers from subjective judgement, and is error-prone due to the difficulty of ensuring a correct spatial measurement as the CWCG may not be correctly positioned in accordance with the crack orientation. Although algorithms for automatic crack detection have been developed, most of them have specifically focused on solving the segmentation problem through Deep Learning techniques failing to address the underlying problem: crack width evaluation, which is critical for the assessment of civil structures. This paper proposes a novel automated method for surface cracking width measurement based on digital image processing techniques. Our proposal consists of three stages: anisotropic smoothing, segmentation, and stabilized central points by k-means adjustment and allows the characterization of both crack width and curvature-related orientation. The method is validated by assessing the surface cracking of fiber-reinforced earthen construction materials. The preliminary results show that the proposal is robust, efficient, and highly accurate at estimating crack width in digital images. The method effectively discards false cracks and detects real ones as small as 0.15 mm width regardless of the lighting conditions

Aplicación de Deep Learning para la identificación de defectos superficiales utilizados en control de calidad de manufactura y producción industrial: Una revisión de la literatura:

Context: This article contains an analysis of the applications of different Deep Learning and Machine Learning techniques used in a wide range of industries to ensure quality control in finished products through the identification of surface defects.Method: A systematic review of the trends and applications of Deep Learning in quality processes was developed, after research in different databases, the articles were filtered and classified by industry and specific work technique applied for subsequent analysis of usefulness and performance.Results: The results show by means of success cases the adaptability and potential applicability of this Artificial Intelligence technique to almost any process stage of any product, this due to the handling of complementary techniques that adjust to the different particularities presented by the data, production processes and quality requirements.Conclusions: Deep Learning in complement with techniques such as Machine Learning or Transfer Learning generates automated, accurate and reliable tools to control the quality of production in all industries.Contexto: Este artículo contiene un análisis de las aplicaciones de las distintas técnicas de Deep Learning y Machine Learning utilizadas en un gran rango de industrias para garantizar el control de la calidad en productos terminados mediante la identificación de los defectos superficiales. Método: Se desarrolló una revisión sistemática de las tendencias y las aplicaciones de Deep Learning en procesos de calidad, tras la investigación en distintas bases de datos, se filtraron y clasificaron los artículos por industria y técnica específica de trabajo aplicada para su posterior análisis de utilidad y funcionamiento. Resultados: Los resultados muestran por medio de casos de éxito la adaptabilidad y el potencial de aplicabilidad de esta técnica de inteligencia artificial a casi cualquier etapa de proceso de cualquier producto, esto debido al manejo de técnicas complementarias que se ajustan a las diferentes particularidades que presenten los datos, los procesos de producción y los requerimientos de calidad. Conclusiones: El Deep Learning en complemento con técnicas como Machine Learning o Transfer Learning genera herramientas automatizadas, precisas y confiables para controlar la calidad de producción de todas las industrias

Developing machine learning model to estimate the shear capacity for RC beams with stirrups using standard building codes

Shear failure in reinforced concrete (RC) beams with a brittle nature is a serious safety concern. Due to the inadequate description of the phenomenology of shear resistance (the shear behavior of RC beams), several of the existing shear design equations for RC beams with stirrups have high uncertainty. Therefore, the predicted models with higher accuracy and lower variability are critical for the shear design of RC beams with stirrups. To predict the ultimate shear strength of RC beams with stirrups, machine learning (ML)-based models are proposed in the present research. The models were created using a database of 201 experimental RC beams with stirrups gathered from earlier investigations for training and testing of the ML method, with 70% of the data being used for model training and the rest for testing. The performance of suggested models was evaluated using statistical comparisons between experimental results and state-of-the-art current shear design models (ACI 318–08, Canadian code, GB 510010–2010, NZS 3101, BNBC 2015). The suggested machine learning-based models are consistent with experimentally observed shear strength and current predictive models, but they are more accurate and impartial. To understand the model very well, sensitivity analysis is determining as input values for a specific variable affect the outcomes of a mathematical model. To compare the results with different machine learning models in training and testing R2 , RMSE and MSE are also established. Finally, proposed ML models such as gradient boost regressor and random forest give higher accuracy to evaluate the shear strength of the reinforcement concrete beam using stirrups.Md Nasir Uddin, Kequan Yu, Ling, zhi Li, Junhong Ye, T. Tafsirojjaman, Wael Alhadda

Deep learning for detecting building defects using convolutional neural networks

Clients are increasingly looking for fast and effective means to quickly and frequently survey and communicate the condition of their buildings so that essential repairs and maintenance work can be done in a proactive and timely manner before it becomes too dangerous and expensive. Traditional methods for this type of work commonly comprise of engaging building surveyors to undertake a condition assessment which involves a lengthy site inspection to produce a systematic recording of the physical condition of the building elements, including cost estimates of immediate and projected long-term costs of renewal, repair and maintenance of the building. Current asset condition assessment procedures are extensively time consuming, laborious, and expensive and pose health and safety threats to surveyors, particularly at height and roof levels which are difficult to access. This paper aims at evaluating the application of convolutional neural networks (CNN) towards an automated detection and localisation of key building defects, e.g., mould, deterioration, and stain, from images. The proposed model is based on pre-trained CNN classifier of VGG-16 (later compaired with ResNet-50, and Inception models), with class activation mapping (CAM) for object localisation. The challenges and limitations of the model in real-life applications have been identified. The proposed model has proven to be robust and able to accurately detect and localise building defects. The approach is being developed with the potential to scale-up and further advance to support automated detection of defects and deterioration of buildings in real-time using mobile devices and drones

Image Processing-Based Recognition of Wall Defects Using Machine Learning Approaches and Steerable Filters

Detection of defects including cracks and spalls on wall surface in high-rise buildings is a crucial task of buildings’ maintenance. If left undetected and untreated, these defects can significantly affect the structural integrity and the aesthetic aspect of buildings. Timely and cost-effective methods of building condition survey are of practicing need for the building owners and maintenance agencies to replace the time- and labor-consuming approach of manual survey. This study constructs an image processing approach for periodically evaluating the condition of wall structures. Image processing algorithms of steerable filters and projection integrals are employed to extract useful features from digital images. The newly developed model relies on the Support vector machine and least squares support vector machine to generalize the classification boundaries that categorize conditions of wall into five labels: longitudinal crack, transverse crack, diagonal crack, spall damage, and intact wall. A data set consisting of 500 image samples has been collected to train and test the machine learning based classifiers. Experimental results point out that the proposed model that combines the image processing and machine learning algorithms can achieve a good classification performance with a classification accuracy rate = 85.33%. Therefore, the newly developed method can be a promising alternative to assist maintenance agencies in periodic building surveys