Language, Truth, and Logic and the Anglophone reception of the Vienna Circle

A. J. Ayer’s Language, Truth, and Logic had been responsible for introducing the Vienna Circle’s ideas, developed within a Germanophone framework, to an Anglophone readership. Inevitably, this migration from one context to another resulted in the alteration of some of the concepts being transmitted. Such alterations have served to facilitate a number of false impressions of Logical Empiricism from which recent scholarship still tries to recover. In this paper, I will attempt to point to the ways in which LTL has helped to foster the various mistaken stereotypes about Logical Empiricism which were combined into the received view. I will begin by examining Ayer’s all too brief presentation of an Anglocentric lineage for his ideas. This lineage, as we shall see, simply omits the major 19th century Germanophone influences on the rise of analytic philosophy. The Germanophone ideas he presents are selectively introduced into an Anglophone context, and directed towards various concerns that arose within that context. I will focus on the differences between Carnap’s version of the overcoming of metaphysics, and Ayer’s reconfiguration into what he calls the elimination of metaphysics. Having discussed the above, I will very briefly outline the consequences that Ayer’s radicalisation of the Vienna Circle’s doctrines had on the subsequent Anglophone reception of Logical Empiricism

CONTEMPORARY MISOGYNY: LAURA RIDING, WILLIAM EMPSON AND THE CRITICS – A SURVEY OF MIS-HISTORY

This essay examines three books: A Survey of Modernist Poetry, by Laura Riding and Robert Graves, Seven Types of Ambiguity by William Empson, and William Empson: Among the Mandarins by John Haffenden. It shows how and why Laura Riding was the original author of the interpretation of Shakespeare’s Sonnet 129 in A Survey of Modernist Poetry, which provided the idea of Empson’s understanding of ‘ambiguity’ which in turn was highly significant to the subsequent development of ‘New Criticism’. It examines the history of A Survey of Modernist Poetry since its first publication in 1927, its treatment by critics and reviewers, and its mistakenly being described as a book by Robert Graves up to the present day as epitomized in John Haffenden’s biography. It also indicates that modernist or post-modernist literary criticism from 1927 onwards would have been significantly different had numerous critics, Empson among them, but other poets and authors, too, given more attention to the work of Laura Riding than to Robert Graves

Tower 1954

1954 yearbook of Westbrook Junior College in Portland, Maine.https://dune.une.edu/wchc_yearbooks/1017/thumbnail.jp

Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 23: A Genetic Update

The spinocerebellar ataxia type 23 locus was identified in 2004 based on linkage analysis in a large, two-generation Dutch family. The age of onset ranged 43–56 years and the phenotype was characterized by a slowly progressive, isolated ataxia. Neuropathological examination revealed neuronal loss in the Purkinje cell layer, dentate nuclei, and inferior olives. Ubiquitin-positive intranuclear inclusions were found in nigral neurons, but were considered to be Marinesco bodies. The disease locus on chromosome 20p13-12.3 was found to span a region of approximately 6 Mb of genomic DNA, containing 97 known or predicted genes. To date, no other families have been described that also map to this SCA locus. Direct sequencing of the coding regions of 21 prioritized candidate genes did not reveal any disease-causing mutation. Apparently, the SCA23 gene is a disease gene with a different function than the genes that have been associated with other known SCA types. Work to elucidate the chromosomal organization of the SCA23 locus will eventually discover the responsible disease gene

Missense mutation in the ITPR1 gene presenting with ataxic cerebral palsy: Description of an affected family and literature review

The inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate receptor type 1 (ITPR1) gene on chromosome 3 belongs to a family of genes encoding intracellular calcium channel proteins. Such channels are located primarily within the endoplasmic reticular membrane and release Ca2+, an intracellular messenger, which governs numerous intracellular and extracellular functions. We report a family with infantile-onset cerebellar ataxia with delayed motor development and intellectual disability caused by a heterozygous c.805C>T, p.Arg269Trp missense mutation in ITPR1. Both affected family members had postural tremor, hypotonia and dysarthria, but neither had pyramidal signs. Their neuroimaging revealed cerebellar atrophy. Several neurological conditions have been associated with ITPR1 mutations, such as spinocerebellar ataxia type 15 and Gillespie syndrome, and the phenotype may vary according to the location and type of mutations. Spinocerebellar ataxia type 15 is an autosomal dominant disorder, which causes late onset pure cerebellar ataxia. Gillespie syndrome is characterised by bilateral iris hypoplasia, congenital hypotonia, non-progressive ataxia and cerebellar atrophy. In this report, we provide a detailed phenotypic description of a family with a missense mutation in ITPR1. This mutation has only been reported once before. We also provide a literature review of the various phenotypes associated with ITPR1 gene

Baseball 1981

Contents: --Head Coach, J.D. Anderson--Team Photo--1981 Roster--Panther Outlook--1980 Northern Iowa Baseball Statistics--1981 Schedule--1980 Results (12-16)--A Brief Look at UNI--Quick Factshttps://scholarworks.uni.edu/amg/1102/thumbnail.jp

An ITPR1 Gene Deletion Causes Spinocerebellar Ataxia 15/16: A Genetic, Clinical and Radiological Description

The purpose of this study was to characterise a novel family with very slowly progressive pure spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA) caused by a deletion in the inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate receptor 1 (ITPR1) gene on chromosome 3. This is a detailed clinical, genetic, and radiological description of the genotype. Deletions in ITPR1 have been shown to cause SCA15/SCA16 in six families to date. A further Japanese family has been identified with an ITPR1 point mutation. The exact prevalence is as yet unknown, but is probably higher than previously thought. The clinical phenotype of the family is described, and videotaped clinical examinations are presented. Serial brain magnetic resonance imaging studies were carried out on one affected individual, and genetic analysis was performed on several family members. Protein analysis confirmed the ITPR1 deletion. Affected subjects display a remarkably slow, almost pure cerebellar syndrome. Serial magnetic resonance imaging shows moderate cerebellar atrophy with mild inferior parietal and temporal cortical volume loss. Genetic analysis shows a deletion of 346,487 bp in ITPR1 (the second largest ITPR1 deletion reported to date), suggesting SCA15 is due to a loss of ITPR1 function. Western blotting of lymphoblastoid cell line protein confirms reduced ITPR1 protein levels. SCA15 is a slowly or nonprogressive pure cerebellar ataxia, which appears to be caused by a loss of ITPR1 function and a reduction in the translated protein. Patients with nonprogressive or slowly progressive ataxia should be screened for ITPR1 defects

Hart and the Oxford Jurisprudence Circle:Rediscovering the Lost Legacy of Customary Law

H.L.A. Hart is one of the most famous legal positivists. Nevertheless, the controversy that surrounds his position on (customary) international law discloses a controversy that runs to the core of his Concept of Law. In an attempt to settle this controversy, the thesis delves into the history of ideas and, especially, the legacy built by Hart’s predecessors in the Oxford Chair of Jurisprudence: the Oxford Jurisprudence Circle. An exploration of their works exhibits that they constructed socio-historical groundworks for redefining the concept of law, beginning at the level of primitive communities and customary law. Fitting Hart into this legacy and re-reading his seminal work through its prism, clearly shows that Hart never questioned the legality of customary law, nor (in extension) the legality of customary international law. As such, this endeavour definitively, it is hoped, settles the controversy that surrounds Hartian scholarship and, through the revival of this lost legacy of customary law, a new, and more complete, Hart is revealed. This realization brings with it a number of other elements and unveils at least three strands of Positivism that have remained hidden, and largely misunderstood, under the vague and confusing ‘Positivism’ label. From this perspective, the present work challenges us to rethink what we consider to be the basis of Hart’s work and Hart’s kind of Positivism; and, at its end, new routes and new possibilities are revealed, not only for international Hartian scholarship but for general jurisprudence as well

Reviving the gobbet: venerable sophistication for contemporary media literacy

This paper suggests that a technique for close textual reading used in history, the classics and theology for two almost two centuries, the gobbet, can be repurposed as a method of developing media literacy in higher education students in other disciplines. The gobbet is a bite-sized extract from a longer set text learners have studied that acts as an entry to the whole text, permitting critical, contextualised evaluation to take place. As a pedagogical tool, the gobbet can be a counterweight to discontinuous reading practices and abstracted information sources. It is highly effective for analysing contemporary media and discourse, in producing articulate learners confident in their ability to analyse information, and in developing transferrable critical and communication skills for scholarly, career and personal use. This paper situates the gobbet, reframed for modern use in an expanded range of scholarly disciplines, as a learner-centric method that develops agency and independence within a phenomenographic pedagogical frame