131,478 research outputs found
Optical and mechanical properties of cocona chips as affected by the drying process
[EN] The effect of the application of a pre-osmotic treatment to obtain hot air dried cocona(Solanum sessiliofurum Dunal) chips was studied. The drying kinetics and the optical andmechanical properties of cocona chips obtained by the combined method of osmotic dehy-dration and hot air drying (OD + HAD) and by only hot air drying (HAD) were compared.Samples were dried by hot air at 60◦C. For the combined method, they were pre-dried toa moisture content of 75 gwater/100 g, immersed in a 55◦Brix sucrose solution at 25◦C for48 min. The pre-osmodehydration applied did not influence the subsequent hot air dryingkinetics, resulting in a final product with 0.055 ± 0.005 gwater/gcocona.The optical properties ofOD + HAD chips were more favorable, exhibiting a smaller color change with respect to thefresh fruit (±15 units) than the HAD samples (±23 units). On the other hand, the OD + HADchips presented more fracture peaks than HAD ones, this related with a structure with ahigher degree of crispness, a very desirable property for a chip product.The authors thank the Universidad Politecnica de Valencia for the financial support given throughout the Project ADSIDEO-COOPERACION 2010 "Adaptacion de procesos de secado para favorecer la comercializacion de super frutas de origen colombiano".Agudelo Sterling, CM.; Igual Ramo, M.; Talens Oliag, P.; MartĂnez Navarrete, N. (2015). Optical and mechanical properties of cocona chips as affected by the drying process. Food and Bioproducts Processing. 95:192-199. doi:10.1016/j.fbp.2015.05.009S1921999
EUV Spectra of the Full Solar Disk: Analysis and Results of the Cosmic Hot Interstellar Plasma Spectrometer (CHIPS)
We analyze EUV spectra of the full solar disk from the Cosmic Hot
Interstellar Plasma Spectrometer (CHIPS) spanning a period of two years. The
observations were obtained via a fortuitous off-axis light path in the 140 --
270 Angstrom passband. The general appearance of the spectra remained
relatively stable over the two-year time period, but did show significant
variations of up to 25% between two sets of Fe lines that show peak emission at
1 MK and 2 MK. The variations occur at a measured period of 27.2 days and are
caused by regions of hotter and cooler plasma rotating into, and out of, the
field of view. The CHIANTI spectral code is employed to determine plasma
temperatures, densities, and emission measures. A set of five isothermal
plasmas fit the full disk spectra well. A 1 -- 2 MK plasma of Fe contributes
85% of the total emission in the CHIPS passband. The standard Differential
Emission Measures (DEMs) supplied with the CHIANTI package do not fit the CHIPS
spectra well as they over-predict emission at temperatures below log(T) = 6.0
and above log(T) = 6.3. The results are important for cross-calibrating TIMED,
SORCE, SOHO/EIT, and CDS/GIS, as well as the recently launched Solar Dynamics
Observatory.Comment: 27 Pages, 13 Figure
Competitive Foods
Describes the types of food items available to middle and high school students in forty California public secondary schools, as well as how well they match the nutrient standards defined in California's SB 12 legislation
Fabrication of Embedded Microvalve on PMMA Microfluidic Devices through Surface Functionalization
The integration of a PDMS membrane within orthogonally placed PMMA
microfluidic channels enables the pneumatic actuation of valves within bonded
PMMA-PDMS-PMMA multilayer devices. Here, surface functionalization of PMMA
substrates via acid catalyzed hydrolysis and air plasma corona treatment were
investigated as possible techniques to permanently bond PMMA microfluidic
channels to PDMS surfaces. FTIR and water contact angle analysis of
functionalized PMMA substrates showed that air plasma corona treatment was most
effective in inducing PMMA hydrophilicity. Subsequent fluidic tests showed that
air plasma modified and bonded PMMA multilayer devices could withstand fluid
pressure at an operational flow rate of 9 mircoliters/min. The pneumatic
actuation of the embedded PDMS membrane was observed through optical microscopy
and an electrical resistance based technique. PDMS membrane actuation occurred
at pneumatic pressures of as low as 10kPa and complete valving occurred at
14kPa for 100 micrometers x 100 micrometers channel cross-sections.Comment: Submitted on behalf of EDA Publishing Association
(http://irevues.inist.fr/handle/2042/16838
Implantable RF-coiled chip packaging
In this paper, we present an embedded chip integration
technology that utilizes silicon housings and flexible
parylene radio frequency (RF) coils. As a demonstration
of this technology, a flexible parylene RF coil has been
integrated with an RF identification (RFID) chip. The coil
has an inductance of 16 ÎĽH, with two layers of metal
completely encapsulated in parylene-C. The functionality
of the embedded chip is verified using an RFID reader
module. Accelerated-lifetime soak testing has been
performed in saline, and the results show that the silicon
chip is well protected and the lifetime of our
parylene-encapsulated RF coil at 37 °C is more than 20
years
Second-generation bioethanol from industrial wood waste of South American species
There is a global interest in replacing fossil fuels with renewable sources of energy. The present review evaluates the significance of South-American wood industrial wastes for bioethanol production. Four countries have been chosen for this review, i.e., Argentina, Brazil, Chile, and Uruguay, based on their current or potential forestry industry. It should be noted that although Brazil has a global bioethanol market share of 25%, its production is mainly first-generation bioethanol from sugarcane. The situation in the other countries is even worse, in spite of the fact that they have regulatory frameworks in place already allowing the substitution of a percentage of gasoline by ethanol. Pines and eucalyptus are the usually forested plants in these countries, and their industrial wastes, as chips and sawdust, could serve as promising raw materials to produce second-generation bioethanol in the context of a forest biorefinery. The process to convert woody biomass involves three stages: pretreatment, enzymatic saccharification, and fermentation. The operational conditions of the pretreatment method used are generally defined according to the physical and chemical characteristics of the raw materials and subsequently determine the characteristics of the treated substrates. This article also reviews and discusses the available pretreatment technologies for eucalyptus and pines applicable to South-American industrial wood wastes, their enzymatic hydrolysis yields, and the feasibility of implementing such processes in the mentioned countries in the frame of a biorefinery.Fil: Vallejos, MarĂa Evangelina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Centro CientĂfico TecnolĂłgico Conicet - Nordeste. Instituto de Materiales de Misiones. Universidad Nacional de Misiones. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas QuĂmicas y Naturales. Instituto de Materiales de Misiones; ArgentinaFil: Kruyeniski, Julia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Centro CientĂfico TecnolĂłgico Conicet - Nordeste. Instituto de Materiales de Misiones. Universidad Nacional de Misiones. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas QuĂmicas y Naturales. Instituto de Materiales de Misiones; ArgentinaFil: Area, Maria Cristina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Centro CientĂfico TecnolĂłgico Conicet - Nordeste. Instituto de Materiales de Misiones. Universidad Nacional de Misiones. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas QuĂmicas y Naturales. Instituto de Materiales de Misiones; Argentin
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