Cyanobacterial Harmful Algal Blooms: Chapter 1: An Overview of the Interagency, International Symposium on Cyanobacterial Harmful Algal Blooms (ISOC-HAB): Advancing the Scientific Understanding of Freshwater Harmful Algal Blooms

There is growing evidence that the spatial and temporal incidence of harmful algal blooms is increasing, posing potential risks to human health and ecosystem sustainability. Currently there are no US Federal guidelines, Water Quality Criteria and Standards, or regulations concerning the management of harmful algal blooms. Algal blooms in freshwater are predominantly cyanobacteria, some of which produce highly potent cyanotoxins. The US Congress mandated a Scientific Assessment of Freshwater Harmful Algal Blooms in the 2004 reauthorization of the Harmful Algal Blooms and Hypoxia Research and Control Act. To further the scientific understanding of freshwater harmful algal blooms, the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) established an interagency committee to organize the Interagency, International Symposium on Cyanobacterial Harmful Algal Blooms (ISOC-HAB). A theoretical framework to define scientific issues and a systems approach to implement the assessment and management of cyanobacterial harmful algal blooms were developed as organizing themes for the symposium. Seven major topic areas and 23 subtopics were addressed in Workgroups and platform sessions during the symposium. The primary charge given to platform presenters was to describe the state of the science in the subtopic areas, whereas the Workgroups were charged with identifying research that could be accomplished in the short- and long-term to reduce scientific uncertainties. The proceedings of the symposium, published in this monograph, are intended to inform policy determinations and the mandated Scientific Assessment by describing the scientific knowledge and areas of uncertainty concerning freshwater harmful algal blooms

Trees of the Seas

Grades: 6-8 Subjects: Biology | Life Science What are harmful algal blooms and why do they occur? In this lesson plan, students will run their own experiments to investigate how eutrophication can cause harmful algal blooms and investigate strategies for preventing them

About harmful algal blooms

Algae are vitally important to marine and fresh-water ecosystems, and most species of algae are not harmful. However, a harmful algal bloom (HAB) can occur when certain types of microscopic algae grow quickly in water, forming visible patches that may harm the health of the environment, plants, or animals. HABs can deplete the oxygen and block the sunlight that other organisms need to live, and some HAB-causing algae release toxins that are dangerous to animals and humans. HABs can occur in marine, estuarine, and fresh waters, and HABs appear to be increasing along the coastlines and in the surface waters of the United States, according to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA).Responding to this suspected increase, the U.S. Congress in 1998 passed a law that required NOAA to lead an Inter-Agency Task Force on Harmful Algal Blooms and Hypoxia, and funded research into the origins, types, and possible human health effects of HABs

Fenomena Harmful Algal Blooms (HABs) Di Pantai Ringgung Teluk Lampung, Pengaruhnya Dengan Tingkat Kematian Ikan Yang Dibudidayakan Pada Karamba Jaring Apung

Fish mortality in the Bay of Lampung not only wild fish, but also fish farmed in cages, especially Ringgung Beach. One which caused by harmful algal abundance that occur was increased input contaminants by both natural and anthropogenic sources. This study aims to analyze the influence of harmful algal blooms (HABs) the amount and frequency of fish mortality in cage Ringgung Lampung Bay. The study was conducted at three research stations based KJA density. The results of the study found 33 species of phytoplankton, 14 species have potential as HABs can cause the death of fish. The highest abundance was kind Cochlodinium that reach 63.738 cells/liter. Phytoplankton diversity index value with the lowest value occurred at station 3 on June 19, 2013 ie the date of 0705. The highest phytoplankton diversity values occurred at Station 2 on June 12, 2013 is 2,451. Uniformity values of phytoplankton in the waters of Beach Ringgung obtained in the high category with a value above 0.5 or close to 1, which indicates that the spread of the individual any kind of relatively evenly. Except at station 3 which has a relatively low value (0.228 on June 19, 2013, 0291 on June 26, 2013, and 0446 on July 3, 2013). Effect of HABs on the fishing mortality rate is indicated by regression analysis. Correlation coefficient at station 1 shows the value of 0.5208. While on station 2 shows 0.6937. Harmful algal blooms shown to affect mortality rates of fish in floating net Ringgung Beach. They have triggered reduced oxygen levels in the water that could potentially cause the death of wild fish and farmed in floating ne

Harmful algal blooms in the PICES region of the North Pacific

Foreword Background and objectives [pdf, 0.84 MB] Country reviews and status reports Section I. Western North Pacific Japan Yasuwo Fukuyo, Ichiro Imai, Masaaki Kodama and Kyoichi Tamai Red tides and harmful algal blooms in Japan [pdf, 0.7 MB] People's Republic of China Tian Yan, Ming-Jiang Zhou and Jing-Zhong Zou A national report of HABs in China [pdf, 0.24 MB] Republic of Korea Sam Geun Lee, Hak Gyoon Kim, Eon Seob Cho and Chang Kyu Lee Harmful algal blooms (red tides): Management and mitigation in Korea [pdf, 0.27 MB] Russia Tatiana Y. Orlova, Galina V. Konovalova, Inna V. Stonik, Tatiana V. Morozova and Olga G. Shevchenko Harmful algal blooms on the eastern coast of Russia [pdf, 1.4 MB] Section II. Eastern North Pacific Canada F.J.R. "Max" Taylor and Paul J. Harrison Harmful marine algal blooms in western Canada [pdf, 0.87 MB] United States of America Vera L. Trainer Harmful algal blooms on the U.S. west coast [pdf, 0.5 MB] Mexico Jose L. Ochoa, S. Lluch-Cota, B.O. Arredondo-Vega, E. Nuñes-Vázquez, A. Heredia-Tapia, J. Pérez-Linares and R. Alonso-Rodriguez Marine Biotoxins and harmful algal blooms in Mexico's Pacific littora [pdf, 0.2 MB] Summary and conclusions [pdf, 0.6 MB] Appendices A. Members of the Working Group [pdf, 0.1 MB] B. Original terms of reference (Vladivostok, 1999) [pdf, 0.08 MB] C. Annual reports of WG 15 [pdf, 0.15 MB] D. Workshop report on taxonomy and identification of HAB species and data management [pdf, 0.15 MB] (Document pdf contains 156 pages

Workshop on the socio-economic effects of marine and fresh water harmful algal blooms in the United States

Presented at Workshop on the Socio-economic Effects of Marine and Fresh Water Harmful Algal Blooms in the United States, July 27 - August 5, 2020The US National Office for Harmful Algal Blooms at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) and the NOAA National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science (NCCOS) held a virtual workshop comprising four sessions between July 27 and August 5, 2020. This report summarizes the workshop proceedings and presents recommendations developed by participants during the discussion. The recommendations advance an assessment framework and a national research agenda that will lead to comprehensive evaluations of the socio-economic effects of harmful algal blooms (HABs) in fresh water (primarily the Great Lakes) and marine waters of the United States.Cooperative Institute for the North Atlantic Region (CINAR): NA14OAR4320158 and NA19NOS478018

Marine biotoxins and its detection

The incidences of intoxication due to the consumption of marine foods have been increasing in recent years. This is due to the presence of biotoxins in foods of marine origin. The biotoxins will be accumulated in the marine foods due to the consumption of toxic biota of marine origin. When this contaminated food is taken by the humans or animals, those toxins will be transferred to them causing intoxication and lethality. Among these intoxications, most of them are caused by the harmful algal blooms (HAB). In order to avoid the harmful effects from marine biotoxins, it is necessary to have the proper knowledge. In this manuscript, the different types of biotoxins, source of intoxication, characteristics of toxins, detection and control measures are discussed in detail. Key words: Harmful algal blooms, harmful algal blooms (HAB), ciguatara fish poisoning (CFP), paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP), diarrhetic shellfish poisoning (DSP) blooming, detection

Considering Harmful Algal Blooms

Problematic harmful algal bloom is wide and tenacious, upsetting estuaries, coasts, and freshwaters system throughout the ecosphere, alongside disturbing human health, social life as well as national economy. Particular environmental factors supports growth of algal blooms, temperature always is significant when speaking about water-ecosystem. Disparity in temperature also found to affect the interaction of physical, chemical and biological parameters so it is equally imperative to consider effects of climate change, as change in climatic conditions supports unwanted growth of algae. Also inconsistency in climate equally contributes to the apparent increases of HAB, therefore effects of climate change needs to be totally comprehended along with development of the risk assessments and effective management of HABs. Increased HAB activities have a direct negative effect on ecosystems and they can frequently have a direct commercial impact on aquaculture, depending on the type of HAB. Causing economic impact also, as there is still insufficient evidence to resolve this problem. Therefore this chapter considers the effects of past, present and future climatic variability on HABs along with impacts of toxins release by them, on marine organism as well as human beings correspondingly, mitigation of HAB with help of suitable biological agents recognized

Toxigenic phytoplankton and concomitant toxicity in the mussel Choromytilus meridionalis off the west coast of South Africa in the autumn of 2007

Includes abstract.Includes bibliographical references (p. 73-80).Harmful algal blooms are prevalent off the west coast of South Africa in the summer and autumn months, and have a detrimental impact on human activities along the coast. Some harmful algal blooms are dominated by phytoplankton which produce toxins that can cause shellfish poisoning syndromes. The relationship between the abundance and toxicity of toxigenic phytoplankton, and the concentrations and composition of toxins in the filter-feeding mussel Choromytilus meridionalis, was investigated. Several different methods were used to determine toxin concentations in the mussel