Arquitectura de nodo inteligente para redes de sensores inalámbricas y escalables: aplicaciones en monitorización ambiental

Las redes de sensores son actualmente una de las tecnologías emergentes de mayor progreso e interés, en particular aquellas que emplean sistemas de comunicación inalámbricas. La integración de estas redes a las infraestructuras y a diversos entornos asociados a una red inalámbrica de comunicación ha transformado drásticamente la forma en que los datos del entorno son adquiridos y procesados. Actualmente las redes de sensores son consideradas como uno los pilares principales en una nueva forma de percibir e interactuar con el mundo que nos rodea, proporcionando beneficios a la sociedad y mejorando la productividad de las industrias. El desafío planteado por la integración de nodos heterogéneos y diversas interfaces en una red de sensores, ha conducido al desarrollo de algunos estándares internacionales como el ISO/IEC/IEEE 21451-x. La característica principal que plantean estos estándares es la escalabilidad de la red desde el punto de vista de la heterogeneidad de los nodos y una capacidad ¿plug-and-play¿. Con la estandarización, se pretende abordar el problema de la gran diversidad de interfaces presentes en el mercado, a fin de determinar la mejor forma de interconexión entre redes de sensores heterogéneos. Sin embargo, la implementación del estándar ISO/IEC/IEEE 21451-x es complicada y no contempla las limitaciones en capacidad de los nodos, tales como bajo consumo de energía, capacidad de memoria y capacidad de procesamiento. Además, el estándar no contempla las arquitecturas reconfigurables, las cuales pueden ser muy útiles dada la diversidad de posibles aplicaciones de las redes de sensores inalámbricas. Es necesario, por lo tanto, consolidar el uso de un Framework para las arquitecturas de nodos sensoriales inalámbricas que contemple además de la heterogeneidad de los transductores, la inclusión de arquitecturas reconfigurables en los nodos sensores. El desarrollo de esta Tesis se orienta al diseño de una plataforma (Framework) que de soporte a las arquitecturas de nodos de sensores inalámbricos, facilitando su integración en una red inalámbrica. El trabajo de investigación consta de dos partes primordiales. La primera parte se centra en la definición del Framework basado en el estándar internacional ISO/IEC/IEEE 21451-x y en su utilización en diversas aplicaciones. La segunda parte plantea la utilización de arquitecturas reconfigurables en nodos de sensores inalámbricos, planteándose como aporte la modificación del datasheet electrónico definido en el estándar ISO/IEC/IEEE 214510 como una herramienta novedosa que estandariza el proceso de reconfiguración de cualquier nodo en una red de sensores inalámbricas. Como resultados de esta Tesis podemos indicar que: - Se ha propuesto un Framework para arquitecturas escalables de nodos en redes inalámbricas, basado en el estándar ISO/IEC/IEEE 214510. Este Framework plantea la integración del sensor inteligente, definido por la familia de estándares ISO/IEC/IEEE 21451-x, y sistema operativo para redes de sensores inalámbricas llamado TinyOS. La finalidad del Framework propuesto es incrementar la escalabilidad y la ubiquidad de los nodos, permitiendo el uso de sensores e interfaces heterogéneas en la red. El funcionamiento e interés de este Framework se ha probado en un sistema de monitorización de variables medio-ambientales diseñado para la vigilancia de reservas naturales. - Además, se ha planteado, asimismo, un nuevo método para la estandarización del proceso de reconfiguración de nodos asociados a redes de sensores inalámbricas. Para ello se ha propuesto la definición de un nuevo datasheet electrónico (TEDS) asociado al estándar ISO/IEC/IEEE 21450 con el que es posible reconfigurar el hardware de acondicionamiento de señales del nodo sensor. Este nuevo datasheet ha sido implementado y se ha probado en una red de monitorización de variables medio-ambientales, demostrando su interés y utilidad en aplicaciones reales

Arquitectura de nodo inteligente para redes de sensores inalámbricas y escalables: aplicaciones en monitorización ambiental

El desarrollo de esta Tesis se orienta al diseño de una plataforma (Framework) que de soporte a las arquitecturas de nodos de sensores inalámbricos, permitiendo su integración en una red inalámbrica.CONACYT – Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologí

Wireless Sensor Networks Node with Remote HW/SW Reconfiguration Capabilities

The inclusion of reconfigurable HW in nodes for Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) is not a common issue in the framework of the design of state of the art HW platforms for WSNs, mainly due to its high power consumption. But, on the other hand, reconfigurable logic as FPGAs can contribute to improve the system performance by providing not only HW acceleration as it has already been demonstrated by several research groups, but also the possibility of node HW updates after WSN deployment. This paper presents an entire working flow to generate, remotely configure and reconfigure the HW and SW in a reconfigurable node platform for WSNs. The presented reconfiguration working flow targets the custom HW platform designed at CEI (Centro de Electronica Industrial), where the processing is carried out by both a microcontroller and a partially reconfigurable Xilinx FPGA. The presented reconfiguration process is based on the JTAG protocol and thus permits to port the system to new, less power consuming FPGAs that are appearing in the market to solve problems related to energy lifetim

Current status of the IEEE 1451 standard-based sensor applications

In this paper, we have discussed the sensor-based applications and what is necessary for the dissimilarities in hardware realization and algorithm. This paper presents the existing state-of-the-art of IEEE 1451 standard-based sensor applications and is mainly focused on standard transducer interface module (STIM), network capable application processor (NCAP), and transducer-independent interface (TII). They have some major factors that are regularly imperative in the development of IEEE 1451 standard-based applications, such as plug and play facility, for one or more than one STIM, communication protocols/network’s, architecture, reliability, maintenance, accuracy, easy to use, cost, transducer electronic data sheet, test facility, and so on. The above concerns are also summarized by reference to research articles on STIM, NCAP, and TII. Highlighting is on the predictability of dynamic applications that concentrate on the above mentioned criteria.http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=7361hb201

Building Blocks for Adaptive Modular Sensing Systems

This thesis contributes towards the development of systems and strategies by which sensor and actuator components can be combined to produce flexible and robust sensor systems for a given application. A set of intelligent modular blocks (building blocks) have been created from which composite sensors (made up of multiple sensor and actuator components) can be rapidly reconfigured for the construction of Adaptive Modular Sensing Systems. The composite systems are expected to prove useful in several application domains including industrial control, inspection systems, mobile robotics, monitoring and data acquisition. The intelligent building blocks, referred to as transducer interface modules, contain embedded knowledge about their capabilities and how they can interact with other modules. These modules encapsulate a general purpose modular hardware architecture that provides an interface between the sensors, the actuators, and the communication medium. The geometry of each transducer interface module is a cube. A connector mechanism implemented on each face of the module enables physical connection of the modules. Each module provides a core functionality and can be connected to other modules to form more capable composite sensors. Once the modules are combined, the capabilities (e.g., range, resolution, sample rate, etc.) and functionality (e.g., temperature measurement) of the composite sensor is determined and communicated to other sensors in the enviornment. For maximum flexibility, a distributed software architecture is executed on the blocks to enable automatic acquisition of configuration-specific algorithms. This logical algorithm imparts a collective identity to the composite group, and processes data based on the capabilities and functionalities of the transducers present in the system. A knowledge representation scheme allows each module in the composite group to store and communicate its functionality and capabilities to other connected modules in the system

Reliability Assessment of a Packaging Automatic Machine by Accelerated Life Testing Approach

Industrial competitiveness in innovation, the time of the market introduction of new machines and the level of reliability requested implies that the strategies for the development of products must be more and more efficient. In particular, researchers and practitioners are looking for methods to evaluate the reliability, as cheap as possible, knowing that systems are more and more reliable. This paper presents a reliability assessment procedure applied to a mechanical component of an automatic machine for packaging using the accelerated test approach. The general log-linear (GLL) model is combined based on a relationship between a number strains, in particular mechanical and time based. The complete Accelerated Life Testing - ALT approach is presented by using Weibull distribution and Maximum Likelihood verifying method. A test plan is proposed to estimate the unknown parameters of accelerated life models. Using the proposed ALT model, the reliability function of the component is evaluated and then compared with data from the field collected by customers referring to 8 years of real work on a fleet of automatic packaging machines. The results confirm that the assessment method through ALT is effective for lifetime prediction with shorter test times, and for the same reason it can improve the design process of automatic packaging machines

Network Architecture and Interconnection of Embedded Systems

Tato práce se věnuje architektuře vestavěných systémů. Shrnuje současný stav přijatých standardů z rodiny IEEE 1451, které se zabývají vytvářením prostředí pro senzory a jejich zapojení do různých komunikačních sítí. Tyto standardy popisují otevřenou a síťově nezávislou komunikační architekturu pro systém založený na senzorech. Těžištěm práce jsou architektury uvedené jako případové studie, které mohou být využity jako návrhové vzory vestavěných aplikací demonstrované na bezdrátové technologii ZigBee vhodné pro malá zařízení s velmi nízkou spotřebou elektrické energie. Na základě těchto studií jen navržena univerzální brána, která umožňuje aplikační propojení koncových uzlů z různých bezdrátových architektur určených pro senzorové sítě. Práce se dále zabývá modifikováním směrovacího protokolu v síti ZigBee s cílem snížit spotřebu elektrické energie na přenos jednoho datového paketu.The thesis focuses on the architecture of embedded systems. It summarizes the current state of accepted standards from IEEE 1451 family, which deals with creating an environment for the sensors and their involvement in various networks. These standards describe the open, network-independent communication architecture for a sensor-based system. One of the main outcomes of this work is the architectures presented as case studies, which can be used as design patters for embedded applications. They are demonstrated on ZigBee technology suitable mainly for small devices with very low power consumption. Based on these studies the new design of universal gateway was proposed. Its major advantage is that it allows interconnection of the endpoints based on different sensor network technologies. Additionally, the thesis deals with modifying the routing protocol of ZigBee network in order to reduce power consumption required to transmit one data packet.

Intelligent Sensor Networks

In the last decade, wireless or wired sensor networks have attracted much attention. However, most designs target general sensor network issues including protocol stack (routing, MAC, etc.) and security issues. This book focuses on the close integration of sensing, networking, and smart signal processing via machine learning. Based on their world-class research, the authors present the fundamentals of intelligent sensor networks. They cover sensing and sampling, distributed signal processing, and intelligent signal learning. In addition, they present cutting-edge research results from leading experts

Faculty Publications and Creative Works 1999

One of the ways in which we recognize our faculty at the University of New Mexico is through Faculty Publications & Creative Works. An annual publication, it highlights our faculty\u27s scholarly and creative activities and achievements and serves as a compendium of UNM faculty efforts during the 1999 calendar year. Faculty Publications & Creative Works strives to illustrate the depth and breadth of research activities performed throughout our University\u27s laboratories, studios and classrooms. We believe that the communication of individual research is a significant method of sharing concepts and thoughts and ultimately inspiring the birth of new ideas. In support of this, UNM faculty during 1999 produced over 2,292 works, including 1,837 scholarly papers and articles, 78 books, 82 book chapters, 175 reviews, 113 creative works and 7 patented works. We are proud of the accomplishments of our faculty which are in part reflected in this book, which illustrates the diversity of intellectual pursuits in support of research and education at the University of New Mexico