Attitude of Counsellors towards undergoing HIV Voluntary Counselling and Testing in Ado-Odo/Ota, Nigeria

This study was an investigation into the attitude of counsellors who offer HIV pre and post counselling. Sixteen counsellors who offer HIV pre-post-test counselling were identified from the preliminary field work, of these, 9 counsellors who reported they had not presented for HIV/AIDS testing were identified and 7 eventually participated in the study. The participants were active counsellors, 27 through 46 years of age, who provided HIV pre-post-test counselling services. A purposive sampling technique was employed to select the participants. The non-scheduled structured interview was employed for data collection while the cross case method was used to analyze the data. The study found that the participants possessed negative attitude towards undergoing voluntary HIV/AIDS testing though they acknowledged the importance of HIV/AIDS test. The participants identified fear of being HIV/AIDS positive, lack of confidentiality and knowledge of HIV/AIDS as barriers to their undergoing HIV/AIDS test. Being counselled by a professional counsellor/ psychologist or someone living with HIV/AIDS, feeling too sick or being pregnant were highlighted as factors that may facilitate their undergoing HIV/AIDS test. It was also found that HIV/AIDS counsellors are as vulnerable to HIV/AIDS as the general population. Counsellors who by their training or job schedule encourage others to undergo HIV test were themselves unwilling to test for HIV. In conclusion, counsellors are advised to undergo voluntary HIV/AIDS test. Key words: HIV/AIDS counsellors, attitude, HIV/AIDS VCT, interview, confidentiality

PENERIMAAN DIRI SESEORANG SEBAGAI ORANG DENGAN HIV/AIDS (ODHA) DI MALANG (Study Di Yayasan Cahaya Kasih Peduli WPA Turen)

People with HIV/AIDS self-acceptance of their status is a complex problem for people with HIV/AIDS. One of the problems of people living with HIV/AIDS in self-acceptance occurs at the Cahaya Kasih Care Foundation WPA Turen. In the process of self-acceptance, people with HIV/AIDS often experience problems. This study aims to describe the problems experienced by people with HIV/AIDS and the process of people with HIV/AIDS in accepting their status. This study uses a qualitative approach and a case study type of research. Data collection techniques used are observation, interviews, and documentation. The research subject determination technique used was purposive sampling from Sugiyono. While the data validity technique used is a credibility test. The results of the study show that in self-acceptance people with HIV/AIDS experience psychological, physical and social problems. Meanwhile, in the process of self-acceptance of people living with HIV/AIDS, they experience the following stages: aversion, curiosity, tolerance, allowing, friendship/awakening

Pengetahuan Dan Perilaku Karyawan Non Edukatif Universitas Surabaya Terkait Upaya Pencegahan HiV/AIDS

HIV/AIDS merupakan penyakit mematikan yang hingga saat ini belum ada obatnya dan belum bisa dicegah dengan vaksin. Penularan dapat terjadi melalui hubungan intim, transfusi darah, jarum suntik yang terkontaminasi, antara ibu dan bayi selama kehamilan, bersalin, atau menyusui, serta bentuk kontak langsung lainnya dengan cairan-cairan di dalam tubuh. Diperlukan pengetahuan masyarakat yang cukup terkait pencegahan HIV/AIDS sehingga masyarakat dapat mengaplikasikannya dalam bentuk perilaku pencegahan yang baik pula. Telah dilakukan penelitian tentang pengetahuan dan perilaku karyawan non edukatif Universitas Surabaya terkait upaya pencegahan HIV/AIDS dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat pengetahuan, perilaku pencegahan, dan juga untuk melihat perbedaan tingkat pengetahuan dan perilaku pencegahan antar jenis kelamin dan tingkat pendidikan pada karyawan non edukatif Universitas Surabaya. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode cross sectional dan instrumen penelitian yang digunakan adalah kuisioner yang terbagi atas 4 aspek, yaitu pengetahuan tentang HIV/AIDS, penularan HIV/AIDS, pencegahan HIV/AIDS dan perilaku terkait upaya pencegahannya. Secara deskriptif, diperoleh bahwa tingkat pengetahuan dalam ketiga aspek pengetahuan HIV/AIDS mayoritas karyawan memiliki tingkat pengetahuan cukup dan berada pada kategori perilaku baik. Hasil pengujian statistik inferensial dengan menggunakan metode One-Way Anova, terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan hanya pada pengetahuan tentang penularan HIV/AIDS pada karyawan dengan tingkat pendidikan S1 terhadap S2. Didapatkan pula hasil bahwa tidak ada hubungan antara ketiga aspek pengetahuan terhadap perilaku terkait upaya pencegahan HIV/AIDS

HIV/AIDS in Rural Northeast Thailand: Narratives of the impacts of HIV/AIDS on individuals and households

HIV/AIDS is one of the greatest public health and development challenges currently faced by the global community. Amongst reported statistics, such as the estimated 39.5 million people infected with HIV at the end of 2006, the human face of HIV/AIDS is often lost. This paper presents several narratives of the impacts of HIV/AIDS on individuals and households, drawn from a 2003 survey of 71 HIV/AIDS patients in Khon Kaen Province, Northeast Thailand. These narratives illustrate the broad range of impacts of HIV/AIDS, as well as the diverse coping strategies that are employed to deal with those impacts. The narratives also demonstrate how the HIV/AIDS epidemic impacts not just those who are HIV-infected and other members of their household, but also the wider community

Global HIV / AIDS initiatives and coordination, reporting and evaluation of HIV/AIDS programmes.

This policy brief describes the effectiveness of national and district level coordination structures and monitoring and evaluation systems in Zambia and the extent to which GHIs have engaged with these, and/or created new structures and systems for HIV/AIDS programmes. The overall study, whose fieldwork was conducted in 2007 and 2008, explored the effects of three GHIs on the Zambian health system: the Global Fund to fight AIDS, TB and Malaria (GFATM), the World Bank’s Multi-country AIDS Program (MAP) and the United States President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR)

Effects of the global fund HIV/AIDS programmes in Ukraine

Ukraine has one of the highest and most rapidly growing rates of HIV/AIDS in Europe with estimated numbers of people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) reaching 400,000 in 2008. Since 2003 several Global Health Initiatives (GHIs) have committed to providing over US$ 300 million towards the control of HIV/AIDS in Ukraine. These funding mechanisms have had a significant impact on the availability of services for PLWHA and populations at risk of being infected. GHIs have also had an impact on the health system including on human resources, governance and management capacity, and on nongovernmental providers of HIV/AIDS services. This policy brief highlights the effects of the largest external funder of HIV/AIDS programmes in Ukraine, the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria (Global Fund) and provides recommendations to improve the effectiveness of future funding and increase accessibility of HIV/AIDS services. It is based on research conducted in 2006-2008 in three regions: Kyiv, Odessa and L’viv

The HIV Modes of Transmission model: a systematic review of its findings and adherence to guidelines

Introduction: The HIV Modes of Transmission (MOT) model estimates the annual fraction of new HIV infections (FNI) acquired by different risk groups. It was designed to guide country-specific HIV prevention policies. To determine if the MOT produced context-specific recommendations, we analyzed MOT results by region and epidemic type, and explored the factors (e.g. data used to estimate parameter inputs, adherence to guidelines) influencing the differences. Methods: We systematically searched MEDLINE, EMBASE and UNAIDS reports, and contacted UNAIDS country directors for published MOT results from MOT inception (2003) to 25 September 2012. Results: We retrieved four journal articles and 20 UNAIDS reports covering 29 countries. In 13 countries, the largest FNI (range 26 to 63%) was acquired by the low-risk group and increased with low-risk population size. The FNI among female sex workers (FSWs) remained low (median 1.3%, range 0.04 to 14.4%), with little variability by region and epidemic type despite variability in sexual behaviour. In India and Thailand, where FSWs play an important role in transmission, the FNI among FSWs was 2 and 4%, respectively. In contrast, the FNI among men who have sex with men (MSM) varied across regions (range 0.1 to 89%) and increased with MSM population size. The FNI among people who inject drugs (PWID, range 0 to 82%) was largest in early-phase epidemics with low overall HIV prevalence. Most MOT studies were conducted and reported as per guidelines but data quality remains an issue. Conclusions: Although countries are generally performing the MOT as per guidelines, there is little variation in the FNI (except among MSM and PWID) by region and epidemic type. Homogeneity in MOT FNI for FSWs, clients and low-risk groups may limit the utility of MOT for guiding country-specific interventions in heterosexual HIV epidemics

Global Health Initiatives and Human Resources for HIV/AIDS Services in Malawi, Uganda and Zambia

In most sub-Saharan African countries, a region where just 3% of the world’s health workforce treat and care for 25% of the global disease burden, significant investment in Human Resources for HIV/ AIDS services (HR) is required. This briefing paper summarises the effect that scale-up of funds from three GHIs – the President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR), the Global Fund to fight AIDS, TB and Malaria, and the World Bank Multi-country AIDS Program (MAP) – has had on HR in 3 countries: Malawi, Uganda and Zambia. Drawing on primary data from country studies conducted by researchers from the Global HIV/AIDS Initiatives Network (GHIN), this briefing paper focuses on a set of interrelated HR components: numbers of health workers, workload, training, and incentives and motivation

The Impact of Global Health Initiatives in Kyrgyzstan

This policy brief shows the effects of two global health initiatives - the Global Fund to fight AIDS, Tuberculosis, and Malaria (GFATM) and the World Bank’s Central Asia AIDS Project (CAAP) - at national and sub-national levels, including the effects on HIV/AIDS service scale-up, human resources, access to HIV/AIDS services and coordination

Tabah Sampai Akhir

AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome) merupakan satu gejala penyakit atau sindroma yang dapat menyebabkan sistem kekebalan tubuh seseorang menjadi lemah yang disebabkan oleh virus HIV. Seseorang yang didiagnosis terinfeksi HIV/AIDS akan mengalami banyak perubahan dalam berbagai aspek kehidupan. Tujuan dilakukan penelitian untuk mengetahui secara lebih mendalam mengenai latar belakang keluarga terinfeksi HIV/AIDS dan bentuk dukungan sosial yang diberikan kepada keluarga penderita HIV/AIDS. Penelitian dilakukan menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus. Pengumpulan data menggunakan wawancara semi struktur, observasi dan mengumpulkan dokumentasi pribadi seperti catatan harian. Partisipan penelitian yaitu sepasang suami istri penderita HIV/AIDS yang memiliki anak terinfeksi HIV/AIDS. Peneliti juga melakukan wawancara kepada kerabat dekat dari keluarga tersebut. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa terinfeksi HIV pada pasangan suami istri memberikan dampak bagi kehidupan pribadi maupun keluarga, yang meliputi dampak psikologi, ekonomi, sosial, kesehatan dan pola asuh. Pasangan, anak, teman dan kelompok dukungan sebaya berperan penting dalam pemberian dukungan sosial pada anggota keluarga yang terinfeksi HIV/AIDS. Dukungan sosial yang diterima berupa dukungan informatif, emosional, dan instrumental. Adanya dukungan sosial serta peningkatan perilaku religius membantu penderita HIV/AIDS dan keluarga dalam menjalani perubahan yang terjadi. Kata kunci : keluarga terinfeksi HIV, dampak terinfeksi HIV, dukungan sosia