13 research outputs found
Performance analysis of 4G wireless networks using system level simulator
Doutoramento em Engenharia ElectrotécnicaIn the last decade, mobile wireless communications have witnessed an explosive
growth in the user’s penetration rate and their widespread deployment around the
globe. In particular, a research topic of particular relevance in telecommunications
nowadays is related to the design and implementation of mobile communication
systems of 4th generation (4G). 4G networks will be characterized by the support
of multiple radio access technologies in a core network fully compliant with the
Internet Protocol (all IP paradigms). Such networks will sustain the stringent
quality of service (QoS) requirements and the expected high data rates from the
type of multimedia applications (i.e. YouTube and Skype) to be available in the
near future. Therefore, 4G wireless communications system will be of paramount
importance on the development of the information society in the near future.
As 4G wireless services will continue to increase, this will put more and more
pressure on the spectrum availability. There is a worldwide recognition that
methods of spectrum managements have reached their limit and are no longer
optimal, therefore new paradigms must be sought. Studies show that most of the
assigned spectrum is under-utilized, thus the problem in most cases is inefficient
spectrum management rather spectrum shortage. There are currently trends
towards a more liberalized approach of spectrum management, which are tightly
linked to what is commonly termed as Cognitive Radio (CR).
Furthermore, conventional deployment of 4G wireless systems (one BS in cell and
mobile deploy around it) are known to have problems in providing fairness (users
closer to the BS are more benefited relatively to the cell edge users) and in
covering some zones affected by shadowing, therefore the use of relays has been
proposed as a solution.
To evaluate and analyse the performances of 4G wireless systems software tools
are normally used. Software tools have become more and more mature in recent
years and their need to provide a high level evaluation of proposed algorithms and
protocols is now more important. The system level simulation (SLS) tools provide
a fundamental and flexible way to test all the envisioned algorithms and protocols
under realistic conditions, without the need to deal with the problems of live
networks or reduced scope prototypes. Furthermore, the tools allow network
designers a rapid collection of a wide range of performance metrics that are useful
for the analysis and optimization of different algorithms.
This dissertation proposes the design and implementation of conventional system
level simulator (SLS), which afterwards enhances for the 4G wireless technologies
namely cognitive Radios (IEEE802.22) and Relays (IEEE802.16j). SLS is then
used for the analysis of proposed algorithms and protocols.FC
Adaptive Communications for Next Generation Broadband Wireless Access Systems
Un dels aspectes claus en el disseny i gestió de les xarxes sense fils d'accés de banda ampla és l'ús eficient dels recursos radio. Des del punt de vista de l'operador, l'ample de banda és un bé escà s i preuat que s´ha d'explotar i gestionar de la forma més eficient possible tot garantint la qualitat del servei que es vol proporcionar. Per altra banda, des del punt de vista del usuari, la qualitat del servei ofert ha de ser comparable al de les xarxes fixes, requerint aixà un baix retard i una baixa pèrdua de paquets per cadascun dels fluxos de dades entre la xarxa i l'usuari. Durant els darrers anys s´han desenvolupat nombroses tècniques i algoritmes amb l'objectiu d'incrementar l'eficiència espectral. Entre aquestes tècniques destaca l'ús de múltiples antenes al transmissor i al receptor amb l'objectiu de transmetre diferents fluxos de dades simultaneament sense necessitat d'augmentar l'ample de banda. Per altra banda, la optimizació conjunta de la capa d'accés al medi i la capa fÃsica (fent ús de l'estat del canal per tal de gestionar de manera optima els recursos) també permet incrementar sensiblement l'eficiència espectral del sistema.L'objectiu d'aquesta tesi és l'estudi i desenvolupament de noves tècniques d'adaptació de l'enllaç i gestió dels recursos rà dio aplicades sobre sistemes d'accés rà dio de propera generació (Beyond 3G). Els estudis realitzats parteixen de la premissa que el transmisor coneix (parcialment) l'estat del canal i que la transmissió es realitza fent servir un esquema multiportadora amb múltiples antenes al transmisor i al receptor. En aquesta tesi es presenten dues lÃnies d'investigació, la primera per casos d'una sola antenna a cada banda de l'enllaç, i la segona en cas de múltiples antenes. En el cas d'una sola antena al transmissor i al receptor, un nou esquema d'assignació de recursos rà dio i priorització dels paquets (scheduling) és proposat i analitzat integrant totes dues funcions sobre una mateixa entitat (cross-layer). L'esquema proposat té com a principal caracterÃstica la seva baixa complexitat i que permet operar amb transmissions multimedia. Alhora, posteriors millores realitzades per l'autor sobre l'esquema proposat han permès també reduir els requeriments de senyalització i combinar de forma óptima usuaris d'alta i baixa mobilitat sobre el mateix accés rà dio, millorant encara més l'eficiència espectral del sistema. En cas d'enllaços amb múltiples antenes es proposa un nou esquema que combina la selecció del conjunt optim d'antenes transmissores amb la selecció de la codificació espai- (frequència-) temps. Finalment es donen una sèrie de recomanacions per tal de combinar totes dues lÃnies d'investigació, aixà con un estat de l'art de les tècniques proposades per altres autors que combinen en part la gestió dels recursos rà dio i els esquemes de transmissió amb múltiples antenes.Uno de los aspectos claves en el diseño y gestión de las redes inalámbricas de banda ancha es el uso eficiente de los recursos radio. Desde el punto de vista del operador, el ancho de banda es un bien escaso y valioso que se debe explotar y gestionar de la forma más eficiente posible sin afectar a la calidad del servicio ofrecido. Por otro lado, desde el punto de vista del usuario, la calidad del servicio ha de ser comparable al ofrecido por las redes fijas, requiriendo asà un bajo retardo y una baja tasa de perdida de paquetes para cada uno de los flujos de datos entre la red y el usuario. Durante los últimos años el número de técnicas y algoritmos que tratan de incrementar la eficiencia espectral en dichas redes es bastante amplio. Entre estas técnicas destaca el uso de múltiples antenas en el transmisor y en el receptor con el objetivo de poder transmitir simultáneamente diferentes flujos de datos sin necesidad de incrementar el ancho de banda. Por otro lado, la optimización conjunta de la capa de acceso al medio y la capa fÃsica (utilizando información de estado del canal para gestionar de manera óptima los recursos) también permite incrementar sensiblemente la eficiencia espectral del sistema.El objetivo de esta tesis es el estudio y desarrollo de nuevas técnicas de adaptación del enlace y la gestión de los recursos radio, y su posterior aplicación sobre los sistemas de acceso radio de próxima generación (Beyond 3G). Los estudios realizados parten de la premisa de que el transmisor conoce (parcialmente) el estado del canal a la vez que se considera que la transmisión se realiza sobre un sistema de transmisión multiportadora con múltiple antenas en el transmisor y el receptor. La tesis se centra sobre dos lÃneas de investigación, la primera para casos de una única antena en cada lado del enlace, y la segunda en caso de múltiples antenas en cada lado. Para el caso de una única antena en el transmisor y en el receptor, se ha desarrollado un nuevo esquema de asignación de los recursos radio asà como de priorización de los paquetes de datos (scheduling) integrando ambas funciones sobre una misma entidad (cross-layer). El esquema propuesto tiene como principal caracterÃstica su bajo coste computacional a la vez que se puede aplicar en caso de transmisiones multimedia. Posteriores mejoras realizadas por el autor sobre el esquema propuesto han permitido también reducir los requisitos de señalización asà como combinar de forma óptima usuarios de alta y baja movilidad. Por otro lado, en caso de enlaces con múltiples antenas en transmisión y recepción, se presenta un nuevo esquema de adaptación en el cual se combina la selección de la(s) antena(s) transmisora(s) con la selección del esquema de codificación espacio-(frecuencia-) tiempo. Para finalizar, se dan una serie de recomendaciones con el objetivo de combinar ambas lÃneas de investigación, asà como un estado del arte de las técnicas propuestas por otros autores que combinan en parte la gestión de los recursos radio y los esquemas de transmisión con múltiples antenas.In Broadband Wireless Access systems the efficient use of the resources is crucial from many points of views. From the operator point of view, the bandwidth is a scarce, valuable, and expensive resource which must be exploited in an efficient manner while the Quality of Service (QoS) provided to the users is guaranteed. On the other hand, a tight delay and link quality constraints are imposed on each data flow hence the user experiences the same quality as in fixed networks. During the last few years many techniques have been developed in order to increase the spectral efficiency and the throughput. Among them, the use of multiple antennas at the transmitter and the receiver (exploiting spatial multiplexing) with the joint optimization of the medium access control layer and the physical layer parameters.In this Ph.D. thesis, different adaptive techniques for B3G multicarrier wireless systems are developed and proposed focusing on the SS-MC-MA and the OFDM(A) (IEEE 802.16a/e/m standards) communication schemes. The research lines emphasize into the adaptation of the transmission having (Partial) knowledge of the Channel State Information for both; single antenna and multiple antenna links. For single antenna links, the implementation of a joint resource allocation and scheduling strategy by including adaptive modulation and coding is investigated. A low complexity resource allocation and scheduling algorithm is proposed with the objective to cope with real- and/or non-real- time requirements and constraints. A special attention is also devoted in reducing the required signalling. However, for multiple antenna links, the performance of a proposed adaptive transmit antenna selection scheme jointly with space-time block coding selection is investigated and compared with conventional structures. In this research line, mainly two optimizations criteria are proposed for spatial link adaptation, one based on the minimum error rate for fixed throughput, and the second focused on the maximisation of the rate for fixed error rate. Finally, some indications are given on how to include the spatial adaptation into the investigated and proposed resource allocation and scheduling process developed for single antenna transmission
Fairness-Oriented and QoS-Aware Radio Resource Management in OFDMA Packet Radio Networks: Practical Algorithms and System Performance
During the last two decades, wireless technologies have demonstrated their importance in people’s personal communications but also as one of the fundamental drivers of economic growth, first in the form of cellular networks (2G, 3G and beyond) and more recently in terms of wireless computer networks (e.g. Wi-Fi,) and wireless Internet connectivity. Currently, the development of new packet radio systems is evolving, most notably in terms of 3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE) and LTE-Advanced, in order to utilize the available radio spectrum as efficiently as possible. Therefore, advanced radio resource management (RRM) techniques have an important role in current and emerging future mobile networks.
In all wireless systems, the data throughput and the average data delay performance, especially in case of best effort services, are greatly degraded when the traffic-load in the system is high. This is because the radio resources (time, frequency and space) are shared by multiple users. Another big problem is that the transmission performance can vary heavily between different users, since the channel state greatly depends on the communication environment and changes therein. To solve these challenges, new major technology innovations are needed.
This thesis considers new practical fairness-oriented and quality-of-service (QoS) -aware RRM algorithms in OFDMA-based packet radio networks. Moreover, using UTRAN LTE radio network as application example, we focus on analyzing and enhancing the system-level performance by utilizing state-of-the-art waveform and radio link developments combined with advanced radio resource management methods. The presented solutions as part of RRM framework consist of efficient packet scheduling, link adaptation, power control, admission control and retransmission mechanisms. More specifically, several novel packet scheduling algorithms are proposed and analyzed to address these challenges.
This dissertation deals specifically with the problems of QoS provisioning and fair radio resource distribution among users with limited channel feedback, admission and power control in best effort and video streaming type traffic scenarios, and the resulting system-level performance. The work and developments are practically-oriented taking aspects like finite channel state information (CSI), reporting delays and retransmissions into account. Consequently, the multi-user diversity gain with opportunistic frequency domain packet scheduling (FDPS) is further explored in spatial domain by taking the multiantenna techniques and spatial division multiplexing functionalities into account.
Validation and analysis of the proposed solutions is performed through extensive system level simulations modeling the behavior and operation of a complete multiuser cell in the overall network. Based on the obtained performance results, it is confirmed that greatly improved fairness can be fairly easily built in to the scheduling algorithm and other RRM mechanisms without considerably degrading e.g. the average cell throughput. Moreover, effective QoS-provisioning framework in video streaming type traffic scenarios demonstrate the effectiveness of the presented solutions as increased system capacity measured in terms of the number of users or parallel streaming services supported simultaneously by the network
Multilayer optimization in radio resource allocation for the packet transmission in wireless networks
Doutoramento em Engenharia ElectrotécnicaNa última década tem-se assistido a um crescimento exponencial das redes de
comunicações sem fios, nomeadamente no que se refere a taxa de penetração do serviço prestado e na implementação de novas infra-estruturas em todo o globo. É ponto assente neste momento que esta tendência irá não só continuar como se
fortalecer devido à convergência que é esperada entre as redes móveis sem fio e a disponibilização de serviços de banda larga para a rede Internet fixa, numa evolução para um paradigma de uma arquitectura integrada e baseada em serviços e aplicações IP. Por este motivo, as comunicações móveis sem fios irão ter um papel fundamental no desenvolvimento da sociedade de informação a
médio e longo prazos.
A estratégia seguida no projecto e implementação das redes móveis celulares da actual geração (2G e 3G) foi a da estratificação da sua arquitectura protocolar numa estrutura modular em camadas estanques, onde cada camada do modelo é
responsável pela implementação de um conjunto de funcionalidades. Neste modelo a comunicação dá-se apenas entre camadas adjacentes através de primitivas de comunicação pré-estabelecidas. Este modelo de arquitectura resulta numa mais
fácil implementação e introdução de novas funcionalidades na rede. Entretanto, o facto das camadas inferiores do modelo protocolar não utilizarem informação disponibilizada pelas camadas superiores, e vice-versa acarreta uma degradação
no desempenho do sistema. Este paradigma é particularmente importante quando sistemas de antenas múltiplas são implementados (sistemas MIMO). Sistemas de antenas múltiplas introduzem um grau adicional de liberdade no que respeita a
atribuição de recursos rádio: o domÃnio espacial. Contrariamente a atribuição de recursos no domÃnio do tempo e da frequência, no domÃnio espacial os recursos rádio mapeados no domÃnio espacial não podem ser assumidos como sendo completamente ortogonais, devido a interferência resultante do facto de vários terminais transmitirem no mesmo canal e/ou slots temporais mas em feixes espaciais diferentes. Sendo assim, a disponibilidade de informação relativa ao estado dos recursos rádio à s camadas superiores do modelo protocolar é de
fundamental importância na satisfação dos critérios de qualidade de serviço exigidos.
Uma forma eficiente de gestão dos recursos rádio exige a implementação de algoritmos de agendamento de pacotes de baixo grau de complexidade, que definem os nÃveis de prioridade no acesso a esses recursos por base dos
utilizadores com base na informação disponibilizada quer pelas camadas inferiores quer pelas camadas superiores do modelo. Este novo paradigma de comunicação, designado por cross-layer resulta na maximização da capacidade de transporte de
dados por parte do canal rádio móvel, bem como a satisfação dos requisitos de qualidade de serviço derivados a partir da camada de aplicação do modelo.
Na sua elaboração, procurou-se que o standard IEEE 802.16e, conhecido por Mobile WiMAX respeitasse as especificações associadas aos sistemas móveis celulares de quarta geração. A arquitectura escalonável, o baixo custo de
implementação e as elevadas taxas de transmissão de dados resultam num processo de multiplexagem de dados e valores baixos no atraso decorrente da
transmissão de pacotes, os quais são atributos fundamentais para a disponibilização de serviços de banda larga. Da mesma forma a comunicação
orientada à comutação de pacotes, inenente na camada de acesso ao meio, é totalmente compatÃvel com as exigências em termos da qualidade de serviço dessas aplicações. Sendo assim, o Mobile WiMAX parece satisfazer os requisitos exigentes das redes móveis de quarta geração.
Nesta tese procede-se à investigação, projecto e implementação de algoritmos de encaminhamento de pacotes tendo em vista a eficiente gestão do conjunto de recursos rádio nos domÃnios do tempo, frequência e espacial das redes móveis celulares, tendo como caso prático as redes móveis celulares suportadas no standard IEEE802.16e. Os algoritmos propostos combinam métricas provenientes da camada fÃsica bem como os requisitos de qualidade de serviço das camadas
superiores, de acordo com a arquitectura de redes baseadas no paradigma do cross-layer. O desempenho desses algoritmos é analisado a partir de simulações efectuadas por um simulador de sistema, numa plataforma que implementa as
camadas fÃsica e de acesso ao meio do standard IEEE802.16e.In the last decade mobile wireless communications have witnessed an explosive growth in the user’s penetration rate and their widespread deployment around the globe. It is expected that this tendency will continue to increase with the convergence of fixed Internet wired networks with mobile ones and with the evolution to the full IP architecture paradigm. Therefore mobile wireless communications will be of paramount importance on the development of the information society of the near future.
In particular a research topic of particular relevance in telecommunications nowadays is related to the design and implementation of mobile communication systems of 4th generation. 4G networks will be characterized by the support of
multiple radio access technologies in a core network fully compliant with the Internet Protocol (all IP paradigm). Such networks will sustain the stringent quality of service (QoS) requirements and the expected high data rates from the type of multimedia applications to be available in the near future. The approach followed in the design and implementation of the mobile wireless networks of current generation (2G and 3G) has been the stratification of the architecture into a communication protocol model composed by a set of layers, in which each one encompasses some set of functionalities. In such protocol layered model, communications is only allowed between adjacent layers and through specific interface service points. This modular concept eases the
implementation of new functionalities as the behaviour of each layer in the protocol stack is not affected by the others. However, the fact that lower layers in the protocol stack model do not utilize information available from upper layers, and vice versa, downgrades the performance achieved. This is particularly relevant if multiple antenna systems, in a MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output) configuration, are implemented. MIMO schemes introduce another degree of freedom for radio resource allocation: the space domain.
Contrary to the time and frequency domains, radio resources mapped into the spatial domain cannot be assumed as completely orthogonal, due to the
amount of interference resulting from users transmitting in the same frequency sub-channel and/or time slots but in different spatial beams. Therefore, the availability of information regarding the state of radio resources, from lower to upper layers, is of fundamental importance in the prosecution of the levels of QoS expected from those multimedia applications.
In order to match applications requirements and the constraints of the mobile radio channel, in the last few years researches have proposed a new paradigm for the layered architecture for communications: the cross-layer design framework. In a general way, the cross-layer design paradigm refers to a protocol design in which the dependence between protocol layers is actively
exploited, by breaking out the stringent rules which restrict the communication only between adjacent layers in the original reference model, and allowing
direct interaction among different layers of the stack.
An efficient management of the set of available radio resources demand for the implementation of efficient and low complexity packet schedulers which prioritize user’s transmissions according to inputs provided from lower as well as upper layers in the protocol stack, fully compliant with the cross-layer design paradigm. Specifically, efficiently designed packet schedulers for 4G networks
should result in the maximization of the capacity available, through the consideration of the limitations imposed by the mobile radio channel and
comply with the set of QoS requirements from the application layer.
IEEE 802.16e standard, also named as Mobile WiMAX, seems to comply with the specifications of 4G mobile networks. The scalable architecture, low cost implementation and high data throughput, enable efficient data multiplexing and low data latency, which are attributes essential to enable broadband data services. Also, the connection oriented approach of Its medium access layer is
fully compliant with the quality of service demands from such applications.
Therefore, Mobile WiMAX seems to be a promising 4G mobile wireless networks candidate.
In this thesis it is proposed the investigation, design and implementation of packet scheduling algorithms for the efficient management of the set of
available radio resources, in time, frequency and spatial domains of the Mobile WiMAX networks. The proposed algorithms combine input metrics from physical layer and QoS requirements from upper layers, according to the crosslayer design paradigm. Proposed schedulers are evaluated by means of system level simulations, conducted in a system level simulation platform implementing the physical and medium access control layers of the
IEEE802.16e standard
D6.3 Intermediate system evaluation results
The overall purpose of METIS is to develop a 5G system concept that fulfil s the requirements of the beyond-2020 connected information society and to extend today’s wireless communication systems for new usage cases. First, in this deliverable an updated view on the
overall METIS 5G system concept is presented.
Thereafter, simulation results for the most promising technology components supporting the METIS 5G system concept are reported.
Finally, s
imulation results are presented for
one
relevant
aspect of each Horizontal Topic:
Direct Device
-
to
-
Device Communication, Massive Machine Communication, Moving Networks,
Ultra
-
Dense Networks, and Ultra
-
Reliable Communication.Popovski, P.; Mange, G.; Fertl, P.; Gozálvez - Serrano, D.; Droste, H.; Bayer, N.; Roos, A.... (2014). D6.3 Intermediate system evaluation results. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/7676
D13.3 Overall assessment of selected techniques on energy- and bandwidth-efficient communications
Deliverable D13.3 del projecte europeu NEWCOM#The report presents the outcome of the Joint Research Activities (JRA) of WP1.3 in the last year of the Newcom# project. The activities focus on the investigation of bandwidth and energy efficient techniques for current and emerging wireless systems. The JRAs are categorized in three Tasks: (i) the first deals with techniques for power efficiency and minimization at the transceiver and network level; (ii) the second deals with the handling of interference by appropriate low interference transmission techniques; (iii) the third is concentrated on Radio Resource Management (RRM) and Interference Management (IM) in selected scenarios, including HetNets and multi-tier networks.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version