Open educational resources : conversations in cyberspace

172 p. : ill. ; 25 cm.Libro ElectrónicoEducation systems today face two major challenges: expanding the reach of education and improving its quality. Traditional solutions will not suffice, especially in the context of today's knowledge-intensive societies. The Open Educational Resources movement offers one solution for extending the reach of education and expanding learning opportunities. The goal of the movement is to equalize access to knowledge worldwide through openly and freely available online high-quality content. Over the course of two years, the international community came together in a series of online discussion forums to discuss the concept of Open Educational Resources and its potential. This publication makes the background papers and reports from those discussions available in print.--Publisher's description.A first forum : presenting the open educational resources (OER) movement. Open educational resources : an introductory note / Sally Johnstone -- Providing OER and related issues : an introductory note / Anne Margulies, ... [et al.] -- Using OER and related issues : in introductory note / Mohammed-Nabil Sabry, ... [et al.] -- Discussion highlights / Paul Albright -- Ongoing discussion. A research agenda for OER : discussion highlights / Kim Tucker and Peter Bateman -- A 'do-it-yourself' resource for OER : discussion highlights / Boris Vukovic -- Free and open source software (FOSS) and OER -- A second forum : discussing the OECD study of OER. Mapping procedures and users / Jan Hylén -- Why individuals and institutions share and use OER / Jan Hylén -- Discussion highlights / Alexa Joyce -- Priorities for action. Open educational resources : the way forward / Susan D'Antoni

Town of Dunbarton, New Hampshire for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2014.

This is an annual report containing vital statistics for a town/city in the state of New Hampshire

Town of Dunbarton, New Hampshire for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2014.

This is an annual report containing vital statistics for a town/city in the state of New Hampshire

Private Telegraphy: The Path from Private Wires to Subscriber Lines in Victorian Britain

In this thesis, I investigate private telegraphy from its rise in the late 1830s to the advent of exchange telephony in the early 1880s. In contrast to public telegraphy where telegrams were transmitted over a shared network infrastructure, private telegraphy was a direct, more immediate form of user-to-user communication delivered over private wires. My objective is to redress a historiographical distortion in the understanding of the Victorian telegraph created by the conflation of the concept of telegraph with telegram, and by the prominence given to the nationalisation of the telegraph industry in 1870 in the discourse of historians like Jeffrey Kieve or Charles Perry, thus obscuring the critical role played by private telegraphy in the history of communication. To begin with, I expose the dichotomy between public and private telegraphy by demonstrating the similarities and rivalry between telegrams and letters. I contend that this rivalry was an important factor behind the nationalisation. The extent to which private telegraphy was distinct from public telegraphy is demonstrated through a comprehensive history of private wires and the first domestic telegraph instruments. I track the development of private wires, from their inception at the hands of users of the telegraph to their assimilation by telephony, and show their versatility for diverse uses. I also reveal how telegraphic intercommunication systems – the so-called Umschalters – were reconfigured to become the Post Office’s first generation of telephone exchanges in the early 1880s. From this novel perspective, I counter the received scholarly view that the Post Office obstructed the expansion of telephony to protect the Crown’s stake in telegraphy. I claim instead that the Post Office exploited the installed base of Umschalters and private wires, by then referred to as subscriber lines, to become an active participant in the nascent telephone industry alongside the private companies, thus accelerating the take-up of exchange telephony

Town of Dunbarton, New Hampshire for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2016.

This is an annual report containing vital statistics for a town/city in the state of New Hampshire

Changing Landscapes of Time and Space: the Bristol Channel Region c.1790-1914

The thesis considers how perceptions of time and space changed during this period in the Bristol Channel region as new forms of transport and communications stimulated an unprecedented movement of people, freight and messaging at speeds which appeared to compress space, bringing the outside world closer. Newspapers are used as the principal primary source, and, as expressions of locality, they provide an insight into the diverse mental landscapes concerning speed and space that were emerging across the region. The region was on the margins of Great Britain prior to these changes, but new transport and communications networks brought the region into the mainstream. New forms of transport and communications tended to favour urban areas and the experience of rapid movement was uneven across the region. The revolution in individual travel and passenger transport was populated principally by men, with the exceptions of the railway excursion and the urban tram, which expanded the horizons of leisure for working classes, but the level of railway fares excluded many potential working-class travellers. Perceptions of time and space, therefore, did not only vary between locations across the region, but also between men and women and social classes as they experienced travel differently. The railway and telegraph, Britain’s ‘nervous system’, connected the region with markets throughout the British Isles and globally. Steamships forged ‘ocean highways’ and telegraph cables bounded the planet, creating an international communications system that also standardized ‘railway’ time everywhere. As the outside world became more accessible, nearer and more connected, new forms of landscapes regarding place, identity and ‘others’ were defined as a measure of human progress. These changes helped define what is meant by ‘modern’; but they originated in industrial change from the 1790s which was made possible by new technologies in transport and communications