Game-theoretical design of an adaptive distributed dissemination protocol for VANETs

Road safety applications envisaged for Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs) depend largely on the dissemination of warning messages to deliver information to concerned vehicles. The intended applications, as well as some inherent VANET characteristics, make data dissemination an essential service and a challenging task in this kind of networks. This work lays out a decentralized stochastic solution for the data dissemination problem through two game-theoretical mechanisms. Given the non-stationarity induced by a highly dynamic topology, diverse network densities, and intermittent connectivity, a solution for the formulated game requires an adaptive procedure able to exploit the environment changes. Extensive simulations reveal that our proposal excels in terms of number of transmissions, lower end-to-end delay and reduced overhead while maintaining high delivery ratio, compared to other proposalsPeer ReviewedPostprint (published version

Design and analysis of a beacon-less routing protocol for large volume content dissemination in vehicular ad hoc networks

Largevolumecontentdisseminationispursuedbythegrowingnumberofhighquality applications for Vehicular Ad hoc NETworks(VANETs), e.g., the live road surveillance service and the video-based overtaking assistant service. For the highly dynamical vehicular network topology, beacon-less routing protocols have been proven to be efficient in achieving a balance between the system performance and the control overhead. However, to the authors’ best knowledge, the routing design for large volume content has not been well considered in the previous work, which will introduce new challenges, e.g., the enhanced connectivity requirement for a radio link. In this paper, a link Lifetime-aware Beacon-less Routing Protocol (LBRP) is designed for large volume content delivery in VANETs. Each vehicle makes the forwarding decision based on the message header information and its current state, including the speed and position information. A semi-Markov process analytical model is proposed to evaluate the expected delay in constructing one routing path for LBRP. Simulations show that the proposed LBRP scheme outperforms the traditional dissemination protocols in providing a low end-to-end delay. The analytical model is shown to exhibit a good match on the delay estimation with Monte Carlo simulations, as well

Multimedia communications in vehicular adhoc networks for several applications in the smart cities

[EN] Road safety applications envisaged for vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) depend largely on the exchange of messages to deliver information to concerned vehicles. Safety applications as well as inherent VANET characteristics make data dissemination an essential service and a challenging task. We are developing a decentralized efficient solution for broadcast data dissemination through two game-theoretical mechanisms. Besides, VANETs can also include autonomous vehicles (AVs). AVs might represent a revolutionary new paradigm that can be a reality in our cities in the next few years. AVs do not need a driver to work; instead, they should copy a proper human behavior to adapt the driving according to the current circumstances, such as speed limit, pedestrian crossing street or wheather conditions. We will develop an AV software module including artificial intelligence (AI) techniques so that AVs can interact with the dynamic scenario throughout time. Finally, we also will include electrical vehicles (EV) in the VANET, so that special services such as finding and reserving an EV charging station place will be welcome. In addition, we are developing a multimetric geographic routing protocol for VANETs to transmit H.265 video (traffic accident, traffic state, commercial….) over VANETs.This work was partly supported by the Spanish Government through the project TEC2014-54335-C4- 1-R INcident monitoRing In Smart COmmunities, QoS and Privacy (INRISCO). Cristian Iza is recipient of a grant from Secretaria Nacional de Educación Superior, Ciencia y Tecnología SENESCYT. Ahmad Mohamad Mezher is a postdoctoral researcher with the Information Security Group (ISG) at the Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC).Iza Paredes, C.; Uribe Ramírez, JA.; López Márquez, N.; Lemus, L.; Mezher, A.; Aguilar Igartua, M. (2018). Multimedia communications in vehicular adhoc networks for several applications in the smart cities. Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València. 212-215. https://doi.org/10.4995/JITEL2017.2017.6584OCS21221

Computational Intelligence Inspired Data Delivery for Vehicle-to-Roadside Communications

We propose a vehicle-to-roadside communication protocol based on distributed clustering where a coalitional game approach is used to stimulate the vehicles to join a cluster, and a fuzzy logic algorithm is employed to generate stable clusters by considering multiple metrics of vehicle velocity, moving pattern, and signal qualities between vehicles. A reinforcement learning algorithm with game theory based reward allocation is employed to guide each vehicle to select the route that can maximize the whole network performance. The protocol is integrated with a multi-hop data delivery virtualization scheme that works on the top of the transport layer and provides high performance for multi-hop end-to-end data transmissions. We conduct realistic computer simulations to show the performance advantage of the protocol over other approaches

Cloud Computing in VANETs: Architecture, Taxonomy, and Challenges

Cloud Computing in VANETs (CC-V) has been investigated into two major themes of research including Vehicular Cloud Computing (VCC) and Vehicle using Cloud (VuC). VCC is the realization of autonomous cloud among vehicles to share their abundant resources. VuC is the efficient usage of conventional cloud by on-road vehicles via a reliable Internet connection. Recently, number of advancements have been made to address the issues and challenges in VCC and VuC. This paper qualitatively reviews CC-V with the emphasis on layered architecture, network component, taxonomy, and future challenges. Specifically, a four-layered architecture for CC-V is proposed including perception, co-ordination, artificial intelligence and smart application layers. Three network component of CC-V namely, vehicle, connection and computation are explored with their cooperative roles. A taxonomy for CC-V is presented considering major themes of research in the area including design of architecture, data dissemination, security, and applications. Related literature on each theme are critically investigated with comparative assessment of recent advances. Finally, some open research challenges are identified as future issues. The challenges are the outcome of the critical and qualitative assessment of literature on CC-V

Design and performance evaluation of smart dissemination of emergence messages in vehicular ad-hoc networks

The growing demand to improve road safety and optimize road traffic has generated great interest in vehicular ad-hoc network (VANETs). Serious traffic accidents can cause financial losses, physical disability, and even death. However, if drivers were informed about the danger in advance through a warning message, this would give drivers enough time to react appropriately to the situation. There are many approaches that can prevent car accidents, and VANETs have been conceived as an excellent solution to improve road safety, through the use of a variety of applications enabled by vehicle communications. The key objective of this research is to achieve information dissemination from a vehicle to other vehicles around that migth be interested in receiving the content. We focus on the network layer and application layer protocols, which are discussed and developed as a protocol over the respective access technologies. We primarily present the research results of our proposals, and also provide a comprehensive review of existing challenges and solutions in data dissemination in VANETs. Our proposals include the design of three dissemination protocols compatible with the IEEE 802.11p standards for road safety applications. These dissemination protocols can be differentiated by their application trigger condition and the broadcast scheme. All three dissemination protocols have been implemented in the simulator VEINS to perform several large-scale experiments. The results of the experiments have shown that all three dissemination protocols are able to cope with an increasing number of vehicles in large scale scenarios without sufering a noticeable loss in performance. Finally, we have investigated solutions to increase the driver's privacy because VANETs can also introduce some location privacy risk by periodically broadcast beacon messages that include the vehicle's position. We evaluate the performance of the privacy schemes, described the experiments and discussed the results.La creixent demanda per millorar la seguretat viària i optimitzar el trànsit viari ha generat gran interès en les xarxes vehiculars ad-hoc (VANETs). Els accidents de trànsit greus poden causar pèrdues financeres, discapacitat física i fins i tot la mort. No obstant això, si els conductors van ser informats per endavant sobre el perill a través d’un missatge d’advertència, això donaria als conductors el temps suficient per reaccionar de manera apropiada a la situació. Hi ha molts enfocaments que poden prevenir accidents automobilístics, i les VANETs s’han concebut com una excel·lent solució per millorar la seguretat viària, a través de l’ús d’una varietat d’aplicacions habilitades per les comunicacions vehiculars. L’objectiu principal d’aquesta investigació és aconseguir la disseminació de la informació des d’un vehicle a altres vehicles que estiguin interessats en rebre el contingut. Ens enfoquem en la capa de xarxa i els protocols de capa d’aplicació, que es discuteixen i desenvolupen com un protocol sobre les respectives tecnologies d'accés. Principalment vam presentar els resultats d’investigació de les nostres propostes, i també provem una revisió exhaustiva dels desafiaments i solucions existents en la disseminació de dades en les VANETs. Les nostres propostes inclouen el disseny de tres protocols de disseminació compatibles amb els estàndards IEEE 802.11p per a aplicacions de seguretat viària. Aquests protocols de disseminació es poden diferenciar per la condició d’activació de l’aplicació i l’esquema de difusió. Els tres protocols de disseminació s’han implementat en el simulador VEINS per a realitzar diversos experiments a gran escala. Els resultats dels experiments han demostrat que els tres protocols de disseminació són capaços de fer front a un nombre creixent de vehicles en escenaris de gran escala sense patir una pèrdua notable en el rendiment. Finalment, hem investigat solucions per augmentar la privacitat del conductor perquè les VANETs també poden introduir algun risc de privacitat de la ubicació mitjanant missatges beacon emesos periòdicament que inclouen la posició dels vehicles. Avaluem l’acompliment dels esquemes de privacitat, descrivim els experiments i discutim els resultats.Postprint (published version

INRISCO: INcident monitoRing in Smart COmmunities

Major advances in information and communication technologies (ICTs) make citizens to be considered as sensors in motion. Carrying their mobile devices, moving in their connected vehicles or actively participating in social networks, citizens provide a wealth of information that, after properly processing, can support numerous applications for the benefit of the community. In the context of smart communities, the INRISCO [1] proposal intends for (i) the early detection of abnormal situations in cities (i.e., incidents), (ii) the analysis of whether, according to their impact, those incidents are really adverse for the community; and (iii) the automatic actuation by dissemination of appropriate information to citizens and authorities. Thus, INRISCO will identify and report on incidents in traffic (jam, accident) or public infrastructure (e.g., works, street cut), the occurrence of specific events that affect other citizens' life (e.g., demonstrations, concerts), or environmental problems (e.g., pollution, bad weather). It is of particular interest to this proposal the identification of incidents with a social and economic impact, which affects the quality of life of citizens.This work was supported in part by the Spanish Government through the projects INRISCO under Grant TEC2014-54335-C4-1-R, Grant TEC2014-54335-C4-2-R, Grant TEC2014-54335-C4-3-R, and Grant TEC2014-54335-C4-4-R, in part by the MAGOS under Grant TEC2017-84197-C4-1-R, Grant TEC2017-84197-C4-2-R, and Grant TEC2017-84197-C4-3-R, in part by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF), and in part by the Galician Regional Government under agreement for funding the Atlantic Research Center for Information and Communication Technologies (AtlantTIC)

Recent Developments on Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks and Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks

This book presents collective works published in the recent Special Issue (SI) entitled "Recent Developments on Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks and Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks”. These works expose the readership to the latest solutions and techniques for MANETs and VANETs. They cover interesting topics such as power-aware optimization solutions for MANETs, data dissemination in VANETs, adaptive multi-hop broadcast schemes for VANETs, multi-metric routing protocols for VANETs, and incentive mechanisms to encourage the distribution of information in VANETs. The book demonstrates pioneering work in these fields, investigates novel solutions and methods, and discusses future trends in these field