Fully-Balanced Heat Interferometer

A tunable and balanced heat interferometer is proposed and analyzed. The device consists of two superconductors linked together to form a double-loop interrupted by three Josephson junctions coupled in parallel. Both superconductors are held at different temperatures allowing the heat currents flowing through the structure to interfere. As we show here, thermal transport is coherently modulated through the application of a magnetic flux. Furthermore, such modulation can be tailored at will through the application of an extra control flux. In addition we show that, provided a proper choice of the system parameters, a fully balanced interferometer is obtained. The latter means that the phase-coherent part of heat current can be controlled to the extent of being fully suppressed. Such a device allows for a versatile operation appearing, therefore, as an attractive key to the onset of low-temperature coherent caloritronic circuits

Intoxicated eyewitnesses:the effect of a fully balanced placebo design on event memory and metacognitive control

Few studies have examined the impact of alcohol on metacognition for witnessed events. We used a 2x2 balanced placebo design, where mock-witnesses expected and drank alcohol, did not expect but drank alcohol, did not expect nor drank alcohol, or expected but did not drink alcohol. Participants watched a mock-crime in a bar-lab, followed by free recall and a cued-recall test with or without the option to reply ‘don’t know’ (DK). Intoxicated mock-witnesses’ free recall was less complete but not less accurate. During cued-recall, alcohol led to lower accuracy, and reverse placebo participants gave more erroneous and fewer correct responses. Permitting and clarifying DK responses was associated with fewer errors and more correct responses for sober individuals; and intoxicated witnesses were less likely to opt out of erroneous responding to unanswerable questions. Our findings highlight the practical and theoretical importance of examining pharmacological effects of alcohol and expectancies in real-life settings

A fully balanced first order high-pass filter

The topic of this article is the design of a fully balanced first-order high-pass filter and its two circuits. The first circuit is a fully balanced current-tunability first-order high-pass filter consisting of four NPN transistors and a single capacitor, which is a simple design and quite compact. The pole frequency can be adjusted with a bias current. The results of the first circuit shows the phase and gain responses, the phase and gain responses when adjusted with a bias current, the time-domain response, and the harmonic spectrum. However, this circuit found a flaw in the temperature that affects the pole frequency, and total harmonic distortion is relatively high. Therefore, the second circuit improves defects by the CAPRIO technique to reduce the total harmonic distortion, and the resistors in the circuit are added to the design to replace the resistance and the effect of temperature on the properties of the transistor. This circuit consists of four NPN transistors, four resistors, and a single capacitor. The resistors in this circuit can be adjusted to change the pole frequency and voltage gain. The results of the second circuit show the gain and phase responses of the proposed circuits, the phase and gain responses when adjusted to the value of the resistor, the phase and gain responses at various temperatures, as well as their time-domain responses and total harmonic signal distortion. The all-pass filter is also made using the filter introduced in the second circuit because of its voltage gain-adjustable property. So, if the suggested circuit is constructed in combination with a buffer circuit to make it feasible to function as an all-pass filter, the result will be an all-pass filter. In accordance with the results of this study, we have introduced a design for a high-pass filter to reduce total harmonic distortion and the effect of temperatur

The design of a fully balanced current–tunable active RC integrator

The design of the active RC integrator presented in this research utilizes a fully balanced technique and current-tunable frequencies to create the active RC integrator and reliable circuit. The circuit is made up of six npn bipolar junction transistors (BJT), six resistors (R), and a capacitor (C), with the fully balanced technique used to make the circuit structure uncomplicated and symmetrical with signal differencing. This approach results in a low number of internal devices in the circuit, making it an attractive option for integrated circuit (IC) development. One of the key features of the fully balanced current-tunable active RC integrator is its ability to be frequency-tunable with bias current (If). This feature enables the circuit to be used in a variety of applications, including filter circuits, communication signal generators, instrumentation signal generators, and various automatic controls. The fully balanced design also ensures that the circuit is stable and robust, even in the presence of device parameter variations. To evaluate the performance of the active RC integrator, simulations were conducted using Pspice. The results show that a fully current-tunable active RC integrator can be precisely tuned with the active bias to a value consistent with the theoretically calculated value. This demonstrates the efficiency and reliability of the circuit design and simulation method. The Monte Carlo (MC) method was also used to analyze the circuit performance in cases where the resistor (R) and capacitor (C) device had a 10 percent error and the transistor gain (β) was set to an error of 50 percent. The MC analysis showed that the phase shift (degree) and magnitude (dB) of the circuit were stable, and the circuit's performance was not significantly impacted by the device parameter variations. This further demonstrates the robustness and versatility of the fully balanced current-tunable active RC integrator design. Finally, harmonic distortion was evaluated to confirm the performance of the designed and developed fully balanced current-tunable active RC integrator. The results showed low levels of harmonic distortion, which indicates that the circuit is suitable for high-performance applications that require low distortio

A 0.18µm CMOS DDCCII for Portable LV-LP Filters

In this paper a current mode very low voltage (LV) (1V) and low power (LP) (21 µW) differential difference second generation current conveyor (CCII) is presented. The circuit is developed by applying the current sensing technique to a fully balanced version of a differential difference amplifier (DDA) so to design a suitable LV LP integrated version of the so-called differential difference CCII (DDCCII). Post-layout results, using a 0.18µm SMIC CMOS technology, have shown good general circuit performances making the proposed circuit suitable for fully integration in battery portable systems as, for examples, fully differential Sallen-Key bandpass filter

The development a fully-balanced current-tunable first-order low-pass filter with Caprio technique

This paper presents the development and design of a fully-balanced current-tunable first-order low-pass filter with Caprio technique, which could include the design and implementation of a first-order low-pass filter circuits. The filter consists of six bipolar junction transistor (BJT) and a single capacitor. The filter construction uses a bipolar junction transistor (BJT) as the main device and a single capacitor. A fully-balanced current-tunable first-order low-pass filter with Caprio technique developed. The architecture of the circuit is quite simple and proportional, symmetrical with signs of difference. Circuits developed into integrated circuits act like basic circuits for frequency filter circuits, current modes with Caprio techniques, obtained by improving the first-order low-pass filter for signal differences with incoming impedances. Adjusting the parameters of the circuit with the caprio technique achieves the optimal parameter value for correcting the total harmonic distortion value. The results of testing the operation of the circuit, a fully-balanced current-tunable first-order low-pass filter with Caprio technique developed and designed using the PSpice program. The simulation results showed good results in line with predicted theoretical analysis. The sensitivity of the device to the center frequency (ω0) response is low and independent of variables, the angular frequency is linear with wide current adjustment throughout the sweeping range of a wide frequency range, with a wide range of over tree orders of magnitude. Therefore, fully-balanced current-tunable first-order low-pass filter developed is very suitable to apply various applications regarding low frequency signal filtration, for example in biomedical systems, for example

Web survey experiments on fully balanced, minimally balanced and unbalanced rating scales

When asking attitudinal questions with dichotomous and mutually exclusive response options, the questions can be presented in one of three ways: a full balanced question, a minimally balanced question, and an unbalanced question. Although previous research has compared the fully vs. minimally balanced rating scales, as far as we know, these three types of rating scales have not been tested in a strict experimental setting. In this study, we report two web survey experiments testing these three types of rating scales among 16 different questions. Different from most previous studies, this study used visual display only without any auditory component. Overall, the univariate distributions across these three scale balancing types are very similar to one another. Similar patterns are found when breaking down the analysis by respondent’s education level

Structure and realization of pole-shared switched-current complex wavelet filter

A pole-shared switched-current complex wavelet filter structure with follow-the-leader feedback configuration is proposed for synthesizing the real and imaginary approximation functions with the same poles. The double-sampling fully-balanced SI bilinear integrator and current mirror are employed as the building cells. By sharing the implementation circuit for approximation poles of the real and the imaginary part, the proposed structure only has the same circuit complexity as that of real-valued wavelet filter, which is very suitable for small-size and low-power application. The complex Morlet wavelet is selected as an example to elaborate the design procedure. Simulation results confirm that the presented complex wavelet filter structure can generate the real and imaginary coefficients of complex wavelet transform accurately with simple synthesis method and explicit design formulas.Peer reviewedFinal Accepted Versio

The development of a fully balanced current-tunable active-RC all-pass filter

This research paper presents a symmetrical current-tunable active-RC all-pass filter that uses an active BJT coupled with R and C. The circuit's symmetrical structure ensures that the differential signals are treated equally, resulting in improved performance. Furthermore, the filter's ability to adjust the frequency by bias current makes it suitable for a wide range of applications, such as improving phase properties and creating other types of filters. The simulation results obtained through the Pspice program show that the value of the operating frequency can be adjusted by bias current, which is the highlight of this research. The transfer function of the circuit shows a response of about 0 dB and –90° respectively, indicating that the circuit can change the phase of the input signal without changing its magnitude. This feature is particularly useful in signal processing applications where phase changes are required. In addition, the paper discusses how the operating frequency can be increased by decreasing the capacitor. The transfer function of the circuit analyzed shows that the operating frequency (f0) is inversely proportional to the product of the capacitors. Therefore, decreasing the value of C increases the operating frequency of the circuit. Monte Carlo analysis results are also presented for resistors, capacitors, and transistors with error values. This analysis helps determine the effect of errors on the output signal of the circuit. The results show that the output signal is sensitive to changes in the resistor values, which can affect the accuracy of the filter. Therefore, it is important to select high-quality resistors to ensure that the filter operates accuratel