DARE: evaluating Data Accuracy using node REputation

Typical wireless sensor networks (WSNs) applications are characterized by a certain number of different requirements such as: data accuracy, localization, reputation, security, and confidentiality. Moreover, being often battery powered, WSNs face the challenge of ensuring privacy and security despite power consumption limitations. When the application scenario allows their use, data aggregation techniques can significantly reduce the amount of data exchanged over the wireless link at the price of an increased computational complexity and the potential exposition to data integrity risks in the presence of malicious nodes. In this paper, we propose DARE, an hybrid architecture combining WSNs with the wireless mesh networking paradigm in order to provide secure data aggregation and node reputation in WSNs. Finally, the use of a secure verifiable multilateration technique allows the network to retain the trustworthiness of aggregated data even in the presence of malicious node. Extensive performance evaluations carried out using simulations as well as a real-world prototype implementation, show that DARE can effectively reduce the amount of data exchanged over the wireless medium delivering up to 50% battery lifetime improvement to the wireless sensors

A survey on Bluetooth multi-hop networks

Bluetooth was firstly announced in 1998. Originally designed as cable replacement connecting devices in a point-to-point fashion its high penetration arouses interest in its ad-hoc networking potential. This ad-hoc networking potential of Bluetooth is advertised for years - but until recently no actual products were available and less than a handful of real Bluetooth multi-hop network deployments were reported. The turnaround was triggered by the release of the Bluetooth Low Energy Mesh Profile which is unquestionable a great achievement but not well suited for all use cases of multi-hop networks. This paper surveys the tremendous work done on Bluetooth multi-hop networks during the last 20 years. All aspects are discussed with demands for a real world Bluetooth multi-hop operation in mind. Relationships and side effects of different topics for a real world implementation are explained. This unique focus distinguishes this survey from existing ones. Furthermore, to the best of the authors’ knowledge this is the first survey consolidating the work on Bluetooth multi-hop networks for classic Bluetooth technology as well as for Bluetooth Low Energy. Another individual characteristic of this survey is a synopsis of real world Bluetooth multi-hop network deployment efforts. In fact, there are only four reports of a successful establishment of a Bluetooth multi-hop network with more than 30 nodes and only one of them was integrated in a real world application - namely a photovoltaic power plant. © 2019 The Author

Overlay virtualized wireless sensor networks for application in industrial internet of things : a review

Abstract: In recent times, Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are broadly applied in the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) in order to enhance the productivity and efficiency of existing and prospective manufacturing industries. In particular, an area of interest that concerns the use of WSNs in IIoT is the concept of sensor network virtualization and overlay networks. Both network virtualization and overlay networks are considered contemporary because they provide the capacity to create services and applications at the edge of existing virtual networks without changing the underlying infrastructure. This capability makes both network virtualization and overlay network services highly beneficial, particularly for the dynamic needs of IIoT based applications such as in smart industry applications, smart city, and smart home applications. Consequently, the study of both WSN virtualization and overlay networks has become highly patronized in the literature, leading to the growth and maturity of the research area. In line with this growth, this paper provides a review of the development made thus far concerning virtualized sensor networks, with emphasis on the application of overlay networks in IIoT. Principally, the process of virtualization in WSN is discussed along with its importance in IIoT applications. Different challenges in WSN are also presented along with possible solutions given by the use of virtualized WSNs. Further details are also presented concerning the use of overlay networks as the next step to supporting virtualization in shared sensor networks. Our discussion closes with an exposition of the existing challenges in the use of virtualized WSN for IIoT applications. In general, because overlay networks will be contributory to the future development and advancement of smart industrial and smart city applications, this review may be considered by researchers as a reference point for those particularly interested in the study of this growing field

RESOURCE ALLOCATION AND EFFICIENT ROUTING IN WIRELESS NETWORKS

In wireless networks, devices (nodes) are connected by wireless links. An important issue is to set up high quality (high bandwidth) and efficient routing paths when one node wants to send packets to other nodes. Resource allocation is the foundation to guarantee high quality connections. In addition, it is critical to handle void areas in order to set up detour-free paths. Moreover, fast message broadcasting is essential in mobile wireless networks. Thus, my research includes dynamic channel allocation in wireless mesh networks, geographic routing in Ad Hoc networks, and message broadcasting in vehicular networks. The quality of connections in a wireless mesh network can be improved by equip- ping mesh nodes with multi-radios capable of tuning to non-overlapping channels. The essential problem is how to allocate channels to these multi-radio nodes. We develop a new bipartite-graph based channel allocation algorithm, which can improve bandwidth utilization and lower the possibility of starvation. Geographic routing in Ad Hoc networks is scalable and normally loop-free. However, traditional routing protocols often result in long detour paths when holes exist. We propose a routing protocol-Intermediate Target based Geographic Routing (ITGR) to solve this problem. The novelty is that a single forwarding path can be used to reduce the lengths of many future routing paths. We also develop a protocol called Hole Detection and Adaptive Geographic Routing, which identifies the holes efficiently by comparing the length of a routing path with the Euclidean distance between a pair of nodes. We then set up the shortest path based on it. Vehicles play an important role in our daily life. During inter-vehicle communication, it is essential that emergency information can be broadcast to surrounding vehicles quickly. We devise an approach that can find the best re-broadcasting node and propagate the message as fast as possible

A system-level methodology for the design and deployment of reliable low-power wireless sensor networks

Innovative Internet of Things (IoT) applications with strict performance and energy consumption requirements and where the agile collection of data is paramount are rousing. Wireless sensor networks (WSN) represent a promising solution as they can be easily deployed to sense, process, and forward data. The large number of Sensor Nodes (SNs) composing a WSN are expected to be autonomous, with a node's lifetime dictated by the battery's size. As the form factor of the SN is critical in various use cases such as industrial and building automation, minimizing energy consumption while ensuring availability becomes a priority. Moreover, energy harvesting techniques are increasingly considered as a viable solution for building an entirely green SN and prolonging its lifetime. In the process of building a SN and in the absence of a clear and well-rounded methodology, the designer can easily make unfounded decisions about the right hardware components, their configuration and data reliable data communication techniques such as automatic repeat request (ARQ) and forward error correction (FEC). In this thesis, a methodology to better optimize the design, configuration and deployment of reliable ultra-low power WSNs is proposed. Comprehensive and realistic energy and path-loss (PL) models of the sensor node are also established. Through estimations and measurements, it is shown that following the proposed methodology, the designer can thoroughly explore the design space and make most favorable decisions when choosing commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) components, configuring the node, and deploying a reliable and energy-efficient WSN

Dependability of Wireless Sensor Networks

As wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are becoming ever more prevalent, the runtime characteristics of these networks are becoming an increasing issue. Commonly, external sources of interference make WSNs behave in a different manner to that expected from within simplistic simulations, resulting in the need to use additional systems which monitor the state of the network. Despite dependability of WSNs being an increasingly important issue, there are still only a limited number of works within this specific field, with the majority of works focusing on ensuring that specific devices are operational, not the application as a whole. This work instead aims to look at the dependability of WSNs from an application-centric view, taking into account the possible ways in which the application may fail and using the application's requirements to focus on assuring dependability

Copyright protection of scalar and multimedia sensor network data using digital watermarking

This thesis records the research on watermarking techniques to address the issue of copyright protection of the scalar data in WSNs and image data in WMSNs, in order to ensure that the proprietary information remains safe between the sensor nodes in both. The first objective is to develop LKR watermarking technique for the copyright protection of scalar data in WSNs. The second objective is to develop GPKR watermarking technique for copyright protection of image data in WMSN