Zero Lyapunov exponents of the Hodge bundle

By the results of G. Forni and of R. Trevi\~no, the Lyapunov spectrum of the Hodge bundle over the Teichm\"uller geodesic flow on the strata of Abelian and of quadratic differentials does not contain zeroes even though for certain invariant submanifolds zero exponents are present in the Lyapunov spectrum. In all previously known examples, the zero exponents correspond to those PSL(2,R)-invariant subbundles of the real Hodge bundle for which the monodromy of the Gauss-Manin connection acts by isometries of the Hodge metric. We present an example of an arithmetic Teichm\"uller curve, for which the real Hodge bundle does not contain any PSL(2,R)-invariant, continuous subbundles, and nevertheless its spectrum of Lyapunov exponents contains zeroes. We describe the mechanism of this phenomenon; it covers the previously known situation as a particular case. Conjecturally, this is the only way zero exponents can appear in the Lyapunov spectrum of the Hodge bundle for any PSL(2,R)-invariant probability measure.Comment: 47 pages, 10 figures. Final version (based on the referee's report). A slightly shorter version of this article will appear in Commentarii Mathematici Helvetici. A pdf file containing a copy of the Mathematica routine "FMZ3-Zariski-numerics_det1.nb" is available at this link here: http://w3.impa.br/~cmateus/files/FMZ3-Zariski-numerics_det1.pd

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