Towards Automated Classification of Zooplankton Using Combination of Laser Spectral Techniques and Advanced Chemometrics

Zooplankton identification has been the subject of many studies. They are mainly based on the analysis of photographs (computer vision). However, spectroscopic techniques can be a good alternative due to the valuable additional information that they provide. We tested the performance of several chemometric techniques (principal component analysis (PCA), non-negative matrix factorisation (NMF), and common dimensions and specific weights analysis (CCSWA of ComDim)) for the unsupervised classification of zooplankton species based on their spectra. The spectra were obtained using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) and Raman spectroscopy. It was convenient to assess the discriminative power in terms of silhouette metrics (Sil). The LIBS data were substantially more useful for the task than the Raman spectra, although the best results were achieved for the combined LIBS + Raman dataset (best Sil = 0.67). Although NMF (Sil = 0.63) and ComDim (Sil = 0.39) gave interesting information in the loadings, PCA was generally enough for the discrimination based on the score graphs. The distinguishing between Calanoida and Euphausiacea crustaceans and Limacina helicina sea snails has proved possible, probably because of their different mineral compositions. Conversely, arrow worms (Parasagitta elegans) usually fell into the same class with Calanoida despite the differences in their Raman spectra

Target and Non-Target Approaches for Food Authenticity and Traceability

Over the last few years, the subject of food authenticity and food fraud has received increasing attention from consumers and other stakeholders, such as government agencies and policymakers, control labs, producers, industry, and the research community. Among the different approaches aiming to identify, tackle, and/or deter fraudulent practices in the agri-food sector, the development of new, fast, and accurate methodologies to evaluate food authenticity is of major importance. This book, entitled “Target and Non-Target Approaches for Food Authenticity and Traceability”, gathers original research and review papers focusing on the development and application of both targeted and non-targeted methodologies applied to verify food authenticity and traceability. The contributions regard different foods, among which some are frequently considered as the most prone to adulteration, such as olive oil, honey, meat, and fish. This book is intended for readers aiming to enrich their knowledge through reading contemporary and multidisciplinary papers on the topic of food authentication

Tracing the geographical origin of Argentinean lemon juices based on trace element profiles using advanced chemometric techniques

This study examines the application of chemometric techniques associated with trace element concentrations for origin evaluation of lemon juice samples. Seventy-four lemon juice samples from three different provinces of Argentina were evaluated according to their microelement contents to identify differences in patterns of elements in the three provinces. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was used for the determination of twenty-five elements (Ag, Al, As, Ba, Bi, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ga, In, La, Li, Mn, Mo, Ni, Rb, Sb, Sc, Se, Sn, Sr, Tl, V, and Zn). Once the analytical data were collected, supervised pattern recognition techniques were applied to construct classification/discrimination rules to predict the origin of samples on the basis of their profiles of trace elements. Namely, linear discriminant analysis (LDA), partial least square discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), k-nearest neighbors (k-NN), random forest (RF), and support vector machine with radial basis function Kernel (SVM). The results indicated that it was feasible to attribute unknown lemon juice samples to its geographical origin. SVM had better performance compared to RF, k-NN, LDA and PLS-DA, listed in descending order. Eventually, this study verifies that trace element pattern is a powerful geographical indicator when identifying the origin of lemon juice samples by analyzing trace element data with the help of SVM technique. This level of accuracy provides an interesting foundation to propose the combination of trace element contents with SVM technique as a valuable tool to evaluate the geographical origin of lemon juice samples produced in Argentina.Fil: Gaiad, José Emilio. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste. Instituto de Química Básica y Aplicada del Nordeste Argentino. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Naturales y Agrimensura. Instituto de Química Básica y Aplicada del Nordeste Argentino; ArgentinaFil: Hidalgo, Melisa Jazmin. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste. Instituto de Química Básica y Aplicada del Nordeste Argentino. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Naturales y Agrimensura. Instituto de Química Básica y Aplicada del Nordeste Argentino; Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste; ArgentinaFil: Villafañe, Roxana Noelia. Universidad Nacional de San Luis; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - San Luis. Instituto de Química de San Luis. Universidad Nacional de San Luis. Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia. Instituto de Química de San Luis; ArgentinaFil: Marchevsky, Eduardo Jorge. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - San Luis. Instituto de Química de San Luis. Universidad Nacional de San Luis. Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia. Instituto de Química de San Luis; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de San Luis; ArgentinaFil: Pellerano, Roberto Gerardo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste. Instituto de Química Básica y Aplicada del Nordeste Argentino. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Naturales y Agrimensura. Instituto de Química Básica y Aplicada del Nordeste Argentino; Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste; Argentin

Advances in troubleshooting fish and seafood authentication by inorganic elemental composition

The demand for fish and seafood is growing worldwide. Meanwhile, problems related to the integrity and safety of the fishery sector are increasing, leading legislators, producers, and consumers to search for ways to effectively protect themselves from fraud and health hazards related to fish consumption. What is urgently required now is the availability of reliable, truthful, and reproducible methods assuring the correspondence between the real nature of the product and label declarations accompanying the same product during its market life. The evaluation of the inorganic composition of fish and seafood appears to be one of the most promising strategies to be exploited in the near future to assist routine and official monitoring operations along the supply chain. The present review article focuses on exploring the latest scientific achievements of using the multi-elemental composition of fish and seafood as an imprint of their authenticity and traceability, especially with regards to the geographical origin. The scientific literature of the last 10 years focusing on the analytical determination and statistical elaboration of elemental data (alone or in combination with methodologies targeting other compounds) to verify the identity of fishery products is summarized and discussed

Towards an Automated Classification of Zooplankton Using Combination of Laser Spectral Techniques and Advanced Chemometrics

Zooplankton identification has been the subject of many studies. They are mainly based on the analysis of photographs (computer vision). However, spectroscopic techniques can be a good alternative due to the valuable additional information that they provide. We tested the performance of several chemometric techniques (principal component analysis (PCA), non-negative matrix factorisation (NMF), and common dimensions and specific weights analysis (CCSWA of ComDim)) for the unsupervised classification of zooplankton species based on their spectra. The spectra were obtained using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) and Raman spectroscopy. It was convenient to assess the discriminative power in terms of silhouette metrics (Sil). The LIBS data were substantially more useful for the task than the Raman spectra, although the best results were achieved for the combined LIBS + Raman dataset (best Sil = 0.67). Although NMF (Sil = 0.63) and ComDim (Sil = 0.39) gave interesting information in the loadings, PCA was generally enough for the discrimination based on the score graphs. The distinguishing between Calanoida and Euphausiacea crustaceans and Limacina helicina sea snails has proved possible, probably because of their different mineral compositions. Conversely, arrow worms (Parasagitta elegans) usually fell into the same class with Calanoida despite the differences in their Raman spectra

Rapid, reliable and easy-to-perform chemometric-less method for rice syrup adulterated honey detection using FTIR-ATR

The adulteration of honey (Apis mellifera) is a global problem due to its economic, commercial and health implications. The world's leading beekeeping organisation, APIMONDIA, considers that the detection of adulteration in honey is a problem that has not yet been resolved. This evidence of the importance of the intensive development of analytical techniques that allow the unequivocal detection of adulterants in honey, especially those whose use as honey adulterants has recently emerged. This work aims to develop a fast, easy-to-perform, low-cost analytical method to qualitatively and quantitatively determine rice syrup using the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) technique with attenuated total reflectance (ATR) mode without complex mathematical procedures and sophisticated sample preparation. This study involved the analysis of 256 intentionally rice-syrup-adulterated honey samples and 92 pure honey samples of bee multifloral honey from Spain. The method, based strictly on the determination of the absorbance directly from the samples, at 1013 cm−1 The methodology used no need for previous treatments or preparations and demonstrated the scope for the unequivocal detection of rice syrup in adulterated honey containing equal to or higher than 3% (m/m) or more of this adulterant. Using the Exponential Plus Linear model (r = 0.998) shows high accuracy and precision, in terms of relative error (0.32%, m/m) and coefficient of variation (1.4%). The results of this study have led to the establishment of a maximum absorbance threshold of 0.670 for honey without rice syrup

Wine Cunterfeiting: Development of fast, non-destructive and multifactorial laser-based spectrochemical methods for authentication of bottled wine

378 p.La presente Tesis Doctoral pretende avanzar en el desarrollo de una herramienta analítica que permita certificar la autenticidad de un vino de forma inequívoca mediante técnicas analíticas no invasivas (es decir, prácticamente inapreciable a simple vista) como son la ablación laser con plasma de acoplamiento inductivo-espectrometría de masas (LA-ICPMS) y las espectroscopias Raman e Infrarroja, que permiten el análisis de una muestra sólida sin necesidad de procesarla y sin inducir degradación o alteración apreciable alguna. Mediante la metodología desarrollada se pretende establecer el perfil elemental y molecular del vidrio, el papel, la tinta y la cápsula de las botellas de vino

Authenticity of Honey: Characterization, Bioactivities and Sensorial Properties

Honey is a very complex food that requires multiple analytical, statistical and mathematical methods to guarantee honey authentication. This Special Issue contains innovative research on different analytical procedures for the determination of chemical compounds, functional properties, sensory characteristics and pollen profiles for the interpretation of the botanical and geographical origin of honey. This book compiles twelve original studies that address these issues and improve the knowledge of honeys of multiple botanical and geographical origins

Wine Cunterfeiting: Development of fast, non-destructive and multifactorial laser-based spectrochemical methods for authentication of bottled wine

378 p.La presente Tesis Doctoral pretende avanzar en el desarrollo de una herramienta analítica que permita certificar la autenticidad de un vino de forma inequívoca mediante técnicas analíticas no invasivas (es decir, prácticamente inapreciable a simple vista) como son la ablación laser con plasma de acoplamiento inductivo-espectrometría de masas (LA-ICPMS) y las espectroscopias Raman e Infrarroja, que permiten el análisis de una muestra sólida sin necesidad de procesarla y sin inducir degradación o alteración apreciable alguna. Mediante la metodología desarrollada se pretende establecer el perfil elemental y molecular del vidrio, el papel, la tinta y la cápsula de las botellas de vino