Deep sea Caridea (Crustacea, Decapoda) from Campos Basin, RJ, Brazil

Durante o Projeto de Caracterização Ambiental de Águas Profundas da Bacia de Campos coordenado pelo CENPES/PETROBRAS duas campanhas de coleta foram realizadas. Ambas utilizaram o N/RB Astrogaroupa e redes de pesca de arrasto com porta para coletar amostras do talude continental da Bacia de Campos, RJ (21º48' S a 22º48'S). A campanha Oceanprof I ocorreu em fevereiro de 2003, coletou 18 amostras em profundidades que variaram entre 1074 e 1649 m e a Oceanprof II em agosto de 2003 coletou 22 amostras em profundidades variando entre 1059 e 1640 m. No total, 14 espécies de Caridea foram coletadas: Parapontophilus sp. (Crangonidae); Glyphocrangon longirostris (Smith, 1882) (Glyphocrangonidae); Lebbeus sp. (Hippolytidae); Nematocarcinus ensifer (Smith, 1882) (Nematocarcinidae); Acanthephyra eximia Smith, 1884; A. quadrispinosa Kemp, 1939; A. stylorostratis (Bate, 1888); Janicella spinicauda (A. Milne Edwards, 1883); Meningodora vesca (Smith, 1887); Notostomus elegans A. Milne Edwards, 1881; Oplophorus spinosus (Brullé, 1839); e Systellaspis debilis (A. Milne Edwards, 1881) (Oplophoridae); Heterocarpus inopinatus Tavares, 1999 e Plesionika sp. (Pandalidae). Dentre estas 14 espécies, Parapontophilus sp., Lebbeus sp. e Plesionika sp. estão sendo trabalhadas e não foram incluídas no presente trabalho. Das 11 espécies identificadas, Nematocarcinus ensifer representa uma nova ocorrência para o talude continental brasileiro.During the Campos Basin Deep Sea Environmental Project coordinated by CENPES/PETROBRAS two collecting campaigns were performed. Both used the N/RB Astrogaroupa and fishery nets to collect samples from the continental slope in Campos Basin, RJ (21º48'S to 22º48'S). Campaign Oceanprof I occurred in February, 2003 and collected 18 samples at depths between 1074 and 1649 m. Oceanprof II occurred in August, 2003 and collected 22 samples at depths between 1059 and 1640 m. A total of 14 caridean species were collected: Parapontophilus sp. (Crangonidae); Glyphocrangon longirostris (Smith, 1882) (Glyphocrangonidae); Lebbeus sp. (Hippolytidae); Nematocarcinus ensifer (Smith, 1882) (Nematocarcinidae); Acanthephyra eximia Smith, 1884; A. quadrispinosa Kemp, 1939; A. stylorostratis (Bate, 1888); Janicella spinicauda (A. Milne Edwards, 1883); Meningodora vesca (Smith, 1887); Notostomus elegans A. Milne Edwards, 1881; Oplophorus spinosus (Brullé, 1839); and Systellaspis debilis (A. Milne Edwards, 1881) (Oplophoridae); Heterocarpus inopinatus Tavares, 1999 and Plesionika sp. (Pandalidae). Three out of these 14 species, Parapontophilus sp., Lebbeus sp. and Plesionika sp. are still under investigation and were not included in the present study. From the 11 species identified Nematocarcinus ensifer is a new record for the Brazilian continental slope

Comparison between the shrimp species richness (Caridea and Dendrobranchiata, Decapoda, Crustacea) of the south and north mid Atlantic ridge

The Mid Atlantic Ridge (MAR) is a seamount chain extending for 60.000 km, divided into south and north regions by the Equatorial Fracture which cuts across it. This latter has a maximum depth of 7,760 m and an average width of 19 km. In this study we include data from the two cruises of the international project MAR-ECO, undertaken, respectively, one on the north and the other on the south MAR. Our main objective is to compare the species richness and species composition of pelagic and benthic decapod shrimps of these two areas to observe the patterns of their latitudinal distribution along the MAR. Using rarefaction methods, we obtained interesting results: the pelagic samples curve of the northern MAR is almost an asymptote, so we concluded that we are close to the true number of pelagic shrimp species for this region. The pelagic samples curve of the southern MAR had the greatest slope, so our conclusion is that we are still far from the true number of species for this region. A comparison of species richness at 12 samples (the smallest number of samples shared by both the surveys) revealed that the pelagic species richness was greater than the demersal, and that the northern MAR contained a larger number of species than the southern.A Cordilheira Meso Atlântica (CMA) é uma cadeia de montes submersos com 60.000 km, dividida em região norte e sul, separadas pela Fratura Equatorial, que corta transversalmente a CMA. A Fratura Equatorial possui profundidade máxima de 7.760 m e largura média de 19 km. Incluímos aqui dados de dois cruzeiros do projeto internacional MAR-ECO, um no norte e um no sul da CMA. Nosso principal objetivo é comparar a riqueza de espécies e a composição específica de camarões decápodes, pelágicos e bentônicos, dessas duas áreas para observar padrões de distribuição latitudinal ao longo da CMA. Usando métodos de rarefação, obtivemos resultados interessantes: a curva de amostras pelágicas da CMA norte encontra-se perto de uma assíntota, o que nos levou a concluir estarmos próximos ao número verdadeiro de espécies de camarões pelágicos nesta região. Por sua vez, a curva de amostras pelágicas da CMA sul possui uma inclinação muito forte, o que nos permitiu concluir que nessa região ainda estamos longe do número verdadeiro de espécies. Uma comparação da riqueza de espécies em 12 amostras (menor número de amostras compartilhado pelos dois cruzeiros) revelou que a riqueza de espécies pelágicas é maior do que a demersal, e que a CMA norte contém uma riqueza maior que a região ao sul

The carcinological oeuvre of Charles Spence Bate (1819–1889): Checklist of species and genera, dates of publication, and a list of publications (Crustacea: Amphipoda, Cirripedia, Cumacea, Decapoda, Tanaidacea)

Charles Spence Bate (1818–1889) was one of the more influential mid to late 19th century crustacean taxonomists, with broad interests spanning several taxonomic groups, such as Amphipoda and Decapoda. Despite several contemporary obituaries, no full publication list for him has ever been assembled. In the present contribution, we provide a complete listing of publications and all species- and genus-level crustacean taxa described by Spence Bate, and indicate their current status. Corrections to publication dates are listed, and several decisions are made to stabilise crustacean nomenclature. In a scientific career spanning almost 50 years (1850–1889), Spence Bate described a total of 402 species and 70 genera in Decapoda, 181 species and 46 genera in Amphipoda, as well as eight genera and eight species of Cumacea, four genera and 16 species of Isopoda, three of Tanaidacea and one of Cirripedia. Of these, 36.2% of species and 45.7% of genera are still considered as the accepted names for their taxa today

Pelagic Shrimps (Crustacea: Decapoda) from the Southern Ocean between 150°E and 115°E

Twenty species of pelagic shrimps from deep waters from off southern Australia to the Antarctic Ocean are described. One species, Gennadas kempi STEBBING, is firstly recorded from the Antarctic Ocean. Pasiphaea acutifrons BATE and P. scotiae (STEBBING) are fully re-described. P. longispina LENZ and STRUNCK is synonymized with P. scotiae

La biogeografía y ecología de la fauna de los crustáceos decápodos del Océano Austral

The biogeography and ecology of decapod crustaceans was described for the higher latitudes of the Southern Ocean. The analyzed area included the transitional or antiboreal region of the South American continental shelves (south of about 42°30'S), the Antarctic continental shelves, the Subantarctic islands of the Scotia and the Kerguelen Arcs, the deep sea south of about 42°S and the pelagic realm between the Subtropical Convergence and the Antarctic continent. A broad base of own data and a review of the literature revealed the presence of 98 benthic decapod species in the entire area, with 92 species on the continental shelves and around the Subantarctic islands, and 6 species in the deep sea. A total of 34 decapod species live in the pelagic system south of the Subtropical Convergence. About 50 % of the benthic species, nearly all deep-sea species, but only one pelagic decapod are endemic in the analyzed sectors of the Southern Ocean. Eualus kinzeri (Caridea: Hippolytidae) is the only endemic decapod of the Antarctic continental shelves. By means of a multivariate cluster analysis the antiboreal decapod fauna of South America was separated from the species living around Antarctica and the Subantarctic islands of the Scotia and Kerguelen Arc. In contrast to earlier studies the northern distribution limit of the Antarctic decapod fauna was set at approximately 55°30'S, and includes species which are distributed on the southern tip of South America. The species number in the antiboreal region of South America is 79, and higher than known before. The caridean shrimps are the most numerous group within the entire area, and together with the anomuran crabs, the palinuran and astacuran lobsters they demonstrate a high degree of eurybathy compared to the Brachyura. The restriction of the Brachyura to shallow-water zones is discussed as one reason, that caused the absence of this group on the Antarctic continental shelves after the successive elimination of the shallow-water fauna during glaciation of the southern hemisphere.Se describe la biogeografía y ecología de crustáceos decápodos para altas latitudes del Océano Austral. El área analizada incluye la región antiboreal de las plataformas continentales sudamericanas (sur de 42º30’S), las plataformas continentales antárticas, las islas de los Archipiélagos de Escocia y Kerguelen, el mar profundo al sur cerca de los 42º y el reino pelágico entre la Convergencia Subtropical y el continente antártico. Una amplia base de datos, propios y bibliográficos, reveló la presencia de 98 especies de decápodos en el área; 92 de estas especies se encontraron sobre las plataformas continentales y alrededor de las islas subantárticas, mientras que 6 lo fueron en mar profundo. Un total de 34 especies de decápodos viven en el sistema pelágico al sur de la Convergencia Subtropical. Alrededor del 50% de las especies bentónicas, casi la totalidad de las especies del mar profundo y un solo decápodo pelágico, son endémicos en el sector analizado del Océano Austral. Eualus kinzeri (Caridea: Hippolytidae) es el único decápodo endémico de las plataformas continentales antárticas. Mediante un análisis multivariante se separaron los decápodos de la zona antiboreal de América del Sur de las especies que viven alrededor de la Antártida e islas subantárticas de los Archipiélagos de Escocia y Kerguelen. En contraste con estudios anteriores, el límite de la distribución norte de los decápodos de la Antártida se fijó en aproximadamente 55º30’S, e incluye algunas especies distribuidas sobre la punta sur de América del Sur. El número de especies en la región antiboreal de América del Sur es de 79, superior al que se conocía hasta la fecha. Los camarones carideos son el grupo más numeroso en el área, y junto con los crustáceos Anomura, Palinura y Astacidea, muestran un alto grado de euribatía comparados con los Brachyura. La restricción de Brachyura a aguas someras se discute como una causa para su ausencia en la plataforma continental antártica, después de sucesivas eliminaciones de la fauna de aguas antárcticas someras durante las glaciaciones del hemisferio sur

Feeding Habits of Polynemids: Polydactylus Quadrifilis, Galeoides Decadactylus, and Pentanemus Quinquarius of the Continental Shelf of Grand-Lahou, Côte d’Ivoire

This paper focuses on the threadfins Polydactylus quadrifilis, Galeoides decadactylus, and Pentanemus quinquarius captured by the maritime traditional fishing of Grand-Lahou in Côte d'Ivoire. It aims to determine their feeding habits based on weighing, measuring of body, and intestine height and identification of prey. The specimens of Polydactylus quadrifilis with height lower than 55 cm have an average of 12±1 intestinal filaments, whereas those of height higher than 100 cm have an average of 20±2 of them. This average is constant concerning Galeoides decadactylus (12±2) and Pentanemus quinquarius (11±2), for all height. The specimens of Polydactylus quadrifilis consume mainly fish (74.45%), followed by shrimps (10.06%). The juvenile ones of less than one year prefer shrimps (80.28%), whereas fish are preferred (87.07) by the older individuals. Whatever their age, Galeoides decadactylus and Pentanemus quinquarius mainly consume shrimps in the ratio of 83.11% and 68.75% respectively. The relative yearly food consumption reveals for Polydactylus quadrifilis a quantity of 0.124 T/Km2 /year, whereas that of Galeoides decadactylus is 0.02 T/Km2 /year. As for the specimens of Pentanemus quinquarius, they consume 0.013 T/Km2 /year. Threadfins have very short intestine (IC < 1) relatively to the intestinal coefficient. Their food habit is relating to stomach and intestine capabilities

DNA taxonomy of infraorder Caridea (Crustacea: Decapoda).

Lei Ho Chee.Thesis submitted in: December 2006.Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2007.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 140-153).Abstracts in English and Chinese.Abstract --- p.iAbstract (Chinese) --- p.iiiAcknowledgements --- p.vContents --- p.viList of Tables --- p.xList of Figures --- p.xiiChapter 1 General Introduction --- p.1Chapter 2 Literature Review --- p.4Chapter 2.1 --- DNA taxonomy --- p.4Chapter 2.1.1 --- Definitions --- p.4Chapter 2.1.2 --- Significance of DNA taxonomy --- p.5Chapter 2.1.3 --- DNA taxonomy in different animals --- p.5Chapter 2.1.4 --- Studying DNA taxonomy on Crustacea with different gene markers --- p.6Chapter 2.1.4.1 --- Mitochondrial gene makers --- p.6Chapter 2.1.4.2 --- Nuclear gene marker --- p.9Chapter 2.1.5 --- Phylogenetic construction methods --- p.10Chapter 2.2 --- Taxonomy of infraorder Caridea based on morphologies --- p.13Chapter 2.3 --- DNA barcodes --- p.29Chapter 2.3.1 --- Idea of barcodes --- p.29Chapter 2.3.2 --- Significance of DNA barcode --- p.29Chapter 2.3.3 --- Mitochondrial COI gene as DNA barcode --- p.30Chapter 2.3.3.1 --- Species identification with COI gene --- p.31Chapter 2.3.3.2 --- Revealing cryptic species with COI gene --- p.31Chapter 2.3.4 --- Limitations of DNA barcodes --- p.32Chapter 2.4 --- Species Diagnosis with hybridization methods --- p.34Chapter 2.4.1 --- Species diagnosis with mircoarray --- p.35Chapter 2.4.2 --- Species diagnosis with dot blot hybridization --- p.35Chapter Chapter 3 --- DNA Taxonomy of Infraorder Caridea --- p.39Chapter 3.1 --- Introduction --- p.39Chapter 3.2 --- Materials and Methods --- p.40Chapter 3.2.1 --- Sample collection --- p.40Chapter 3.2.2 --- DNA extraction and PCR amplification --- p.41Chapter 3.2.3 --- DNA sequencing --- p.48Chapter 3.2.4 --- Phylogenetic analysis --- p.49Chapter 3.3 --- Results --- p.50Chapter 3.3.1 --- Sequence composition --- p.50Chapter 3.3.2 --- Comparisons of sequences divergence --- p.52Chapter 3.3.3 --- Phylogenetic analysis using the four gene regions --- p.76Chapter 3.3.3.1 --- COI --- p.76Chapter 3.3.3.2 --- 16S rRNA --- p.95Chapter 3.3.3.3 --- 12S rRNA --- p.96Chapter 3.3.3.4 --- 18S rRNA --- p.97Chapter 3.3.3.5 --- Combined analysis of 16S rRNA and 18S rRNA --- p.98Chapter 3.3.3.6 --- Composition vector analysis of 18S rRNA --- p.99Chapter 3.3.4 --- Saturation analysis --- p.99Chapter 3.4 --- Discussion --- p.105Chapter 3.4.1 --- Evaluation of the four DNA markers --- p.105Chapter 3.4.1.1 --- COI --- p.105Chapter 3.4.1.2 --- 16S rRNA and 12S rRNA --- p.107Chapter 3.4.1.3 --- 18SrRNA --- p.109Chapter 3.4.2 --- Comparison with morphological classification schemes --- p.111Chapter 3.4.2.1 --- Relationships at family level --- p.111Chapter 3.4.2.2 --- Relationships at superfamily level --- p.116Chapter 3.4.2.3 --- Relationship among superfamilies --- p.121Chapter Chapter 4 --- Development of specific probes for caridean family identification --- p.122Chapter 4.1 --- Introduction --- p.122Chapter 4.2 --- Methods and Materials --- p.123Chapter 4.2.1 --- Probe design --- p.123Chapter 4.2.2 --- Probe labeling and checking yield --- p.125Chapter 4.2.3 --- Preparation of target DNA and dot-blot --- p.126Chapter 4.2.4 --- Pre-hybridization and hybridization --- p.128Chapter 4.2.5 --- Stripping of membrane --- p.129Chapter 4.2.6 --- Preparation of chemicals and reagents --- p.129Chapter 4.3 --- Results --- p.131Chapter 4.4 --- Discussion --- p.135Chapter Chapter 5 --- General Conclusion --- p.138Literature cited --- p.140Appendices 1. Aligned sequences of mitochondrial COI gene --- p.1542. Aligned sequences of mitochondrial 16S rRNA gene --- p.1623. Aligned sequences of mitochondrial 12S rRNA gene --- p.1684. Aligned sequences of nuclear 18S rRNA gene --- p.17

DNA Barcoding Enhances Large-scale Biodiversity Initiatives for Deep-pelagic Crustaceans within the Gulf of Mexico and Adjacent Waters

In this dissertation I investigate the biodiversity of marine deep-water crustaceans of the Gulf of Mexico and adjacent waters, focusing on pelagic crustaceans. Taxonomic and molecular techniques were utilized to document adult and larval crustacean specimens to better under their taxonomy, life history, evolutionary relationships and cryptic biodiversity. The use of molecular techniques to study organisms from habitats with limited accessibility provides tremendous potential. With prevalent anthropogenic threats and the delicate nature of deep-water habitats, the need to improve our understanding of these systems is clear. Molecular techniques can act as a fundamental tool to complement traditional taxonomy. The application of DNA sequence data, alongside morphological investigations, represents a promising and effective approach to identifying specimens at all stages of life. In all chapters, samples were collected across eight deep-sea research cruises (up to 2000m) in the Gulf of Mexico and the Florida Straits. In Chapter II, I use DNA barcoding methods alongside taxonomic methods to study the evolutionary relationships, cryptic diversity, and distributional records across 82 species within Caridea, Dendrobranchiata, Euphausiacea, Amphipoda and Lophogastrida. Several new distributional records for the Gulf of Mexico were included including one family, two genera and six species. In Chapter III, I used the data collected as part of Chapter II to identify unknown developmental stages of decapods collected from the Gulf of Mexico and adjacent waters. DNA barcoding from the 16S and COI regions allowed for the identification of 14 unknown larval species (16 developmental stages) from Caridea and Dendrobranchiata. Alongside these genetic methods, I provide taxonomic descriptions and illustrations to aid in future studies. In completion, this dissertation advances the field of crustacean biodiversity by providing a robust inventory of pelagic crustaceans from the Gulf of Mexico. This information has resulted in a better understanding of basic biology, life history, evolutionary relationships and larvae-adult linkages for the deep-water crustacean species

Phylogenetic relationships between Oplophoridae, Atyidae, Pasiphaeidae, Alvinocarididae Fam. N., Bresiliidae, Psalidopodidae and Disciadidae (Crustacea caridea atyoidea)

Os Pasiphaeoidea syn.n., Psalidopodoidea syn.n. e Bresilioidea syn.n. foram incluídos nos Atyoidea (mais correntemente conhecidos como Oplophoroidea), para se obter um conceito natural deste táxon. A monofilia do táxon Atyoidea emendado é indicado pelo exópodo reduzido do primeiro maxilípede. Uma hierarquia de 20 subgrupos monofiléticos, delimitados por 42 novidades evolutivas hipotéticas, é sintetizada num cladograma. A seguinte classificação filogenética sequenciada é proposta: Superfamília Atyoidea; Família Oplophoridae; Família Atyidae; Subfamília Xiphocaridinae; Gênero Xiphocaris; Subfamília Atyinae; Família Pasiphaeidae; Família Alvinocarididae fam.n.; Gênero Alvinocaris; Família Bresiliidae; Gênero Bresilia; Família Psalidopodidae; Gênero Psalidopus; Família Disciadidae; Gênero Pseudocheles; Gênero Lucaya; Gênero Tridiscias; Gênero Discias

Misidentification in fishery: the case of deep-sea pandalid shrimp Plesionika spinipes (Spence Bate, 1888) from Indian waters

Plesionika (Spence Bate, 1888) is the most species diverse genus in the family Pandalidae and has wide geographic distribution all over the world. Plesionika spinipes Spence Bate, 1888 is one of the most important shrimps in the commercial deep-sea shrimp trawl fleet in the southern coast of India. The present study confirms that all previous records of P. spinipes in Indian fishery correspond to the closely similar species P. quasigrandis Chace, 1985. A table of morphological characters separating both species is provided