Graph-based classification of multiple observation sets

We consider the problem of classification of an object given multiple observations that possibly include different transformations. The possible transformations of the object generally span a low-dimensional manifold in the original signal space. We propose to take advantage of this manifold structure for the effective classification of the object represented by the observation set. In particular, we design a low complexity solution that is able to exploit the properties of the data manifolds with a graph-based algorithm. Hence, we formulate the computation of the unknown label matrix as a smoothing process on the manifold under the constraint that all observations represent an object of one single class. It results into a discrete optimization problem, which can be solved by an efficient and low complexity algorithm. We demonstrate the performance of the proposed graph-based algorithm in the classification of sets of multiple images. Moreover, we show its high potential in video-based face recognition, where it outperforms state-of-the-art solutions that fall short of exploiting the manifold structure of the face image data sets.Comment: New content adde

Facial Recognition AI: Alaska Is an Ideal Forum for Introducing Regulation

As artificial intelligence becomes increasingly commonplace, we are all exposed to shockingly dystopian forms of surveillance. This Note details the unique danger of facial recognition technologies powered by artificial intelligence. First, this Note examines the rise of facial recognition technologies in both the public and the private sector. It illustrates this phenomenon by highlighting a few key players in both the development and implementation of facial recognition. Second, it proceeds by examining the current privacy landscape in Alaska. Alaska\u27s unique focus on privacy rights makes the State a promising forum for regulation. Finally, it provides possible statutory and judicial solutions to stop the spread of these technologies and secure the privacy rights of Alaskan citizens and visitors

Rancang Bangun Sistem Akses Kontrol Elektronik Berbasis Blockchain

Sistem akses kontrol merupakan salah satu faktor yang penting dalam keamanan. Sistem akses kontrol elektronik merupakan sistem akses kontrol yang paling umum digunakan pada masa kini. Sistem akses kontrol elektronik memiliki beberapa kelebihan namun juga memiliki beberapa kekurangan seperti single point of failure serta adanya log-tampering. Hal ini dapat terjadi karena sistem akses kontrol elektronik masih menggunakan sistem yang tersentralisasi atau centralized system. Dengan adanya permasalahan tersebut penulis membuat solusi berupa sistem akses kontrol elektronik berbasis blockchain. Sistem akses kontrol elektronik menggunakan blockchain sendiri terdiri dari 3 bagian yaitu Frontend, Blockchain dan Node. Bagian Frontend merupakan bagian interaksi antara pengguna dengan sistem dan dibuat menggunakan bahasa pemrograman Javascript dan framework Vue. Sistem blockchain merupakan sistem terdistribusi yang menyimpan data sehingga data menjadi terdistribusi dan terbebas dari log-tampering. Sistem blockchain dibuat dengan menggunakan program Geth dan IPFS. Sistem Node merupakan sistem yang memberikan akses kepada pengguna. Sistem Node dibuat menggunakan Raspberry Pi dan dengan menggunakan bahasa pemrograman Python. Setelah dilakukan implementasi dan pengujian, maka didapatkan bahwa sistem dapat digunakan sebagai sistem akses elektronik yang dapat menanggulangi single point of failure dan memiliki availability yang tinggi serta dapat menanggulangi log-tampering. Sistem menggunakan waktu rata-rata sebanyak 35 dan 41 detik untuk memberikan akses kepada user. Pada pengujian sistem, juga didapatkan hasil bahwa sistem blockchain dengan konsensus PoW dapat digunakan pada sistem yang memiliki jumlah node yang banyak, sedangkan konsensus PoA dapat digunakan pada sistem yang memiliki jumlah node yang sediki

Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Face Recognition: Enhancing, Encoding and Matching for Practical Applications

Face Recognition is the automatic processing of face images with the purpose to recognize individuals. Recognition task becomes especially challenging in surveillance applications, where images are acquired from a long range in the presence of difficult environments. Short Wave Infrared (SWIR) is an emerging imaging modality that is able to produce clear long range images in difficult environments or during night time. Despite the benefits of the SWIR technology, matching SWIR images against a gallery of visible images presents a challenge, since the photometric properties of the images in the two spectral bands are highly distinct.;In this dissertation, we describe a cross spectral matching method that encodes magnitude and phase of multi-spectral face images filtered with a bank of Gabor filters. The magnitude of filtered images is encoded with Simplified Weber Local Descriptor (SWLD) and Local Binary Pattern (LBP) operators. The phase is encoded with Generalized Local Binary Pattern (GLBP) operator. Encoded multi-spectral images are mapped into a histogram representation and cross matched by applying symmetric Kullback-Leibler distance. Performance of the developed algorithm is demonstrated on TINDERS database that contains long range SWIR and color images acquired at a distance of 2, 50, and 106 meters.;Apart from long acquisition range, other variations and distortions such as pose variation, motion and out of focus blur, and uneven illumination may be observed in multispectral face images. Recognition performance of the face recognition matcher can be greatly affected by these distortions. It is important, therefore, to ensure that matching is performed on high quality images. Poor quality images have to be either enhanced or discarded. This dissertation addresses the problem of selecting good quality samples.;The last chapters of the dissertation suggest a number of modifications applied to the cross spectral matching algorithm for matching low resolution color images in near-real time. We show that the method that encodes the magnitude of Gabor filtered images with the SWLD operator guarantees high recognition rates. The modified method (Gabor-SWLD) is adopted in a camera network set up where cameras acquire several views of the same individual. The designed algorithm and software are fully automated and optimized to perform recognition in near-real time. We evaluate the recognition performance and the processing time of the method on a small dataset collected at WVU

Intelligent Access Terminal Using ESP32 Platform

Cílem této práce je navrhnout levné řešení inteligentního přístupového systému založeného na platformě esp32. Toto řešení bude zaměřeno zejména na zabezpečení rodinných domů, bytů, garáží, zahrad apod. Přístupový systém je tvořen modulem terminálu, určeným pro autentizaci osob pomocí senzoru otisku prstu a kamerami, které monitorují vymezenou vstupní oblast daného objektu. Tyto moduly jsou připojeny ke cloudu pomocí služby AWS IoT Core. Další částí systému je cloudová aplikace, jenž vyhodnocuje data z jednotlivých modulů. Přístupový systém je primárně navržen jako součást domácího zabezpečovacího systému, ale může být do jisté míry využit i samostatně.The aim of this thesis is to design cheap intelligent access control system based on esp32. This system is designed for use in family houses, flats, garages, gardens etc. The designed system is composed of access control terminal module which uses fingerprint reader to authenticate people and of camera modules which monitor the area of entry These modules are connected to cloud using AWS IoT Core. Another part of the system is a cloud application which evaluates data from the system. The acces control system is meant to be part of a home security system, but can be used independently to some extent.

Το πρόσωπο ως στοιχείο της ταυτότητας και οι ψηφιακές τεχνολογίες αναγνώρισής του

Ανέκαθεν το πρόσωπο και η ταυτότητα ήταν δύο όροι συγγενείς. Έμελλε να εισβάλλουν στο παρασκήνιο οι τεχνολογίες αναγνώρισης προσώπου για να υπογραμμίσουν ξανά τη στενή τους αυτή σχέση και να ανακαινίσουν προϋπάρχοντες προβληματισμούς που είχαν για πολλά χρόνια ωθηθεί στο περιθώριο. Ερωτήματα ανέκυψαν ως προς τον ορισμό, την έννοια, τη φύση του προσώπου, τη σχέση του με την αναγνώριση του φορέα και την εξεύρεση της ταυτότητάς του, την επιρροή των νέων τεχνολογιών επί όλων αυτών των στοιχείων. Σε περίπτωση αρνητικών επιπτώσεων των τελευταίων αναζητήθηκαν οι τομείς που αυτές εντοπίζονται και πιθανές τους λύσεις, ενώ τονίστηκαν οι ήδη συντελεσθείσες και μελλοντικές χρήσεις τους με θετικό πρόσημο. Αφενός, εκκινώντας από ετυμολογικές παρατηρήσεις, εμβαθύνοντας στη συνέχεια σε φιλοσοφικές και κοινωνιολογικές προσεγγίσεις επιχειρείται μια πολύπλευρη εξέταση του προσώπου, για να φανερωθεί ο διττός του χαρακτήρας: ως διατομικό και καθαρά υποκειμενικό αγαθό. Αφετέρου, καθοριστική είναι η εστίαση στις τεχνολογίες αναγνώρισης προσώπου: ο ορισμός, μια σύντομη επεξήγηση των τεχνικών μεθόδων που μετέρχονται, ο τρόπος λειτουργίας τους και οι τομείς στους οποίους έχουν εισαχθεί, από τους πιο κοινούς όπως αυτούς της επιβολής του νόμου, της αστυνόμευσης, του συνοριακού ελέγχου που περικλείονται υπό τη σκέπη της ασφάλειας, αλλά και σε αυτούς της υγείας, της οικονομίας, της εκπαίδευσης. Η εφαρμογή των τεχνολογιών έχει επιφέρει σίγουρα πολλά πλεονεκτήματα, αλλά δεν μπορεί κανείς να παραβλέψει τα διακυβεύματα που γεννά. Εξάλλου, για να εξασφαλιστεί η ομαλή εφαρμογή τους και η δράση τους υπέρ και όχι εις βάρος του δημιουργού τους, των ανθρώπων δει να ριχθεί φως στις γκρίζες περιοχές των συστημάτων αυτών, να εντοπιστούν κίνδυνοι που ελλοχεύουν και να αντιμετωπιστούν στο μέτρο που είναι δυνατό. Αυτό θα επιτευχθεί μονάχα με ένα πλήρες, ανθρωποκεντρικό πλαίσιο που θα είναι ένα αμάλγαμα δεοντολογίας, πρωτοβουλιών, καλών πρακτικών και νομοθεσίας, θα έχει διακρατική ισχύ και θα είναι καρπός αμοιβαίων υποχωρήσεων και συμβιβασμών. Συνεπώς, η ισχύουσα νομοθεσία, οι ηθικές πρακτικές και οι τεχνολογικές λύσεις που έχουν ήδη τεθεί σε εφαρμογή ή έστω βρίσκονται επί τάπητος και αναμένεται να αποτελέσουν έμπνευση για μελλοντικά βήματα είναι τα αντίβαρα στους κινδύνους.Since time immemorial, face and identity have been closely related terms. Facial recognition technologies underlined once more their relation and raised already-existing concerns that have been left behind for years. Questions arose regarding the definition, the notion and the nature of the face, its relation with the identification of its carrier and the discovery of their identity and the influence of modern technologies to all those elements. In the cases of negative ramifications of the latter the fields in which they are encountered as well as possible solutions were examined, while their positive future usages were underlined. On the one hand, beginning with etymological observation and getting a deeper insight with philosophical and sociological approaches the notion of the face is examined in a wholistic manner, so as to present its dual character; as a catholic and as an individual good. On the other hand, the focus on facial recognition technologies is urgent: their definition, a brief explanation of the technical methods they deploy, their way of operation and the fields to which they have been introduced, from the most regular ones as law enforcement, policing, border control which are summoned under the notion of security, but also in those of health, economy and education. The application of those technologies comes with advantages, but also one should not overlook the possible risks. In any case, in order to guarantee their soft operation and their action in favour and not against their creators, namely humans, it is vital to shed light on their grey areas, to trace the dangers and to confront them to the possible extent. This will be achieved through a wholistic, human-centric framework which will combine deontology, initiatives, good practices, legislation, have transnational force and be the outcome of mutual concessions and compromises. As a result, the legal framework, the ethical practices and the technological solutions that are already in force or under discussion and are anticipated to constitute inspiration for future steps will counterweigh the dangers

Face hallucination with application in far distance face recognition

In this thesis, faces captured in far distances are investigated. Face enhancement algorithms are studied. Hallucinating faces in holistic model and patch-based model are analysed respectively. The advantages and disadvantages of both models are discussed. An innovative holistic model and patch-based model are proposed separately. More investigation in practical surveillance environments are carried. And a new far face recognition model is proposed. Experiments demonstrate the improvement of proposed approaches