Experimental Aspects of Synthesis

We discuss the problem of experimentally evaluating linear-time temporal logic (LTL) synthesis tools for reactive systems. We first survey previous such work for the currently publicly available synthesis tools, and then draw conclusions by deriving useful schemes for future such evaluations. In particular, we explain why previous tools have incompatible scopes and semantics and provide a framework that reduces the impact of this problem for future experimental comparisons of such tools. Furthermore, we discuss which difficulties the complex workflows that begin to appear in modern synthesis tools induce on experimental evaluations and give answers to the question how convincing such evaluations can still be performed in such a setting.Comment: In Proceedings iWIGP 2011, arXiv:1102.374

A thermodynamic basis for prebiotic amino acid synthesis and the nature of the first genetic code

Of the twenty amino acids used in proteins, ten were formed in Miller's atmospheric discharge experiments. The two other major proposed sources of prebiotic amino acid synthesis include formation in hydrothermal vents and delivery to Earth via meteorites. We combine observational and experimental data of amino acid frequencies formed by these diverse mechanisms and show that, regardless of the source, these ten early amino acids can be ranked in order of decreasing abundance in prebiotic contexts. This order can be predicted by thermodynamics. The relative abundances of the early amino acids were most likely reflected in the composition of the first proteins at the time the genetic code originated. The remaining amino acids were incorporated into proteins after pathways for their biochemical synthesis evolved. This is consistent with theories of the evolution of the genetic code by stepwise addition of new amino acids. These are hints that key aspects of early biochemistry may be universal.Comment: 16 pages, 2 tables, 4 figures. Accepted for publication in Astrobiolog

Flight of the dragonflies and damselflies

This work is a synthesis of our current understanding of the mechanics, aerodynamics and visually mediated control of dragonfly and damselfly flight, with the addition of new experimental and computational data in several key areas. These are: the diversity of dragonfly wing morphologies, the aerodynamics of gliding flight, force generation in flapping flight, aerodynamic efficiency, comparative flight performance and pursuit strategies during predatory and territorial flights. New data are set in context by brief reviews covering anatomy at several scales, insect aerodynamics, neuromechanics and behaviour. We achieve a new perspective by means of a diverse range of techniques, including laser-line mapping of wing topographies, computational fluid dynamics simulations of finely detailed wing geometries, quantitative imaging using particle image velocimetry of on-wing and wake flow patterns, classical aerodynamic theory, photography in the field, infrared motion capture and multi-camera optical tracking of free flight trajectories in laboratory environments. Our comprehensive approach enables a novel synthesis of datasets and subfields that integrates many aspects of flight from the neurobiology of the compound eye, through the aeromechanical interface with the surrounding fluid, to flight performance under cruising and higher-energy behavioural modes

High quality solid texture synthesis using position and index histogram matching

International audienceThe synthesis quality is one of the most important aspects in solid texture synthesis algorithms. In recent years several methods are proposed to generate high quality solid textures. However, these existing methods often suffer from the synthesis artifacts such as blurring, missing texture structures, introducing aberrant voxel colors, and so on. In this paper, we introduce a novel algorithm for synthesizing high quality solid textures from 2D exemplars. We first analyze the relevant factors for further improvements of the synthesis quality, and then adopt an optimization framework with the k-coherence search and the discrete solver for solid texture synthesis. The texture optimization approach is integrated with two new kinds of histogram matching methods, position and index histogram matching, which effectively cause the global statistics of the synthesized solid textures to match those of the exemplars. Experimental results show that our algorithm outperforms or at least is comparable to the previous solid texture synthesis algorithms in terms of the synthesis quality

FROM ZERO-DIMENSIONAL TO 2-DIMENSIONAL CARBON NANOMATERIALS - part II: GRAPHENE

As was presented in the first part of this review paper, lately, many theoretical and experimental studies have been carried out to develop one of the most interesting aspects of the science and nanotechnology which is called carbon-related nanomaterials. In this review paper are presented some of the most exciting and important developments in the synthesis, properties, and applications of low-dimensional carbon nanomaterials. In this part of the paper are presented the synthesis techniques used to produce the two-dimensional carbon nanomaterials (including graphene), and also the most important properties and potential applications of graphene

Direct synthesis H2O2 over palladium supported on rare earths promoted zirconia

The major aspects of investigation on direct synthesis of hydrogen peroxide are the synthesis of new materials and the definition of kinetics of reaction.The aim of the thesis is testing novel catalysts based on palladium supported on zirconia and ceria doped with rare earths.The catalysts evaluation was supported by adepth characterization of the materials.The experimental activity permitted to deduce valuable indications on the catalyst properties promoting the hydrogen peroxide production

FROM ZERO-DIMENSIONAL TO 2-DIMENSIONAL CARBON NANOMATERIALS - part I: TYPES OF CNs

In recent years, many theoretical and experimental studies have been carried out to develop one of the most interesting aspects of the science and nanotechnology which is called carbon-related nanomaterials. In this review paper are presented some of the most important developments in the synthesis, properties, and applications of low-dimensional carbon nanomaterials. The synthesis techniques are used to produce specific kinds of low-dimensional carbon nanomaterials such as zero-dimensional CNs (including fullerene, carbon-encapsulated metal nanoparticles, nanodiamond, and onion-like carbons), one-dimensional carbon nanomaterials (including carbon nanofibers and carbon nanotubes), and two-dimensional carbon nanomaterials (including graphene and carbon nanowalls)

Informational aspects of the haptic stimulation by the light for correction of the human functional state

Introduction. The study of the laws and principles of information processes in the biological systems of the human body in extreme forms of its activities and the development of the theory of medical information systems of such appointment, taking into account the status and trends of convergence of society, ecosystems and technology become very relevant. This state of affairs makes it possible to affirm that it is an actual scientific and applied problem of radical change of the existing paradigm of designing information systems. The purpose of the article is to specify the informational aspects of low intensity, haptic stimulation by the light, which is essential for correction of the functional state of an organism of the human being, who works in extreme conditions, to develop and study such methods and systems. Methods. Analyses of requirements, functions and systems for designing synthesis of information technologies and the control biotechnical system of correction of the functional state of an organism of the human, who works in extreme conditions. The theoretical and experimental dependences between the stimulation energy of light emission diode (LED) and the energy are transferred through the layered bio media design. Mathematical modelling and computational simulation. Comparison of these real and model data. Results. The base aspects requirements, functions and systems for designing synthesis of information technologies and the control biotechnical system of correction of the functional state of an organism of the human, who works in extreme conditions, low intensity, haptic stimulation by the light are defined. The methods for determining of intensity I0 of light emission diode, recursive expression , and formula for coefficient Cm , where M — quantity of bio media layers were developed. The bridges, which connects Maxwell’s phenomenological theory with the atomistic theory of matter and optics, were used. Computer simulation studies have confirmed the specification of requirements, functional and structural schemas of biotechnical system. Conclusions. Thanking to specification of requirements possibility-using recursive determining of the light flux intensity after every bio media layer was got. Under the effect of recurstion low computation complexity was caused. Information technology means (for automation optimal control) of the human state under external influences on the organism was developed. Further study to confirm statistical significance in representative samples of observations was opened