Coverage and mobile sensor placement for vehicles on predetermined routes: a greedy heuristic approach

Road potholes are not only nuisance but can also damage vehicles and pose serious safety risks for drivers. Recently, a number of approaches have been developed for automatic pothole detection using equipment such as accelerometers, image sensors or LIDARs. Mounted on vehicles, such as taxis or buses, the sensors can automatically detect potholes as the vehicles carry out their normal operation. While prior work focused on improving the performance of a standalone device, it simply assumed that the sensors would be installed on the entire fleet of vehicles. When the number of sensors is limited it is important to select an optimal set of vehicles to make sure that they do not cover similar routes in order to maximize the total coverage of roads inspected by sensors. The paper investigates this problem for vehicles that follow pre-determined routes, formulates it as a linear optimization problem and proposes a solution based on a greedy heuristic. The proposed approach has been tested on an official London bus route dataset containing 713 routes and showed up to 78% improvement compared to a random sensor placement selected as a baseline algorithm

Optimization for Deep Learning Systems Applied to Computer Vision

149 p.Since the DL revolution and especially over the last years (2010-2022), DNNs have become an essentialpart of the CV field, and they are present in all its sub-fields (video-surveillance, industrialmanufacturing, autonomous driving, ...) and in almost every new state-of-the-art application that isdeveloped. However, DNNs are very complex and the architecture needs to be carefully selected andadapted in order to maximize its efficiency. In many cases, networks are not specifically designed for theconsidered use case, they are simply recycled from other applications and slightly adapted, without takinginto account the particularities of the use case or the interaction with the rest of the system components,which usually results in a performance drop.This research work aims at providing knowledge and tools for the optimization of systems based on DeepLearning applied to different real use cases within the field of Computer Vision, in order to maximizetheir effectiveness and efficiency

Detection of Pothole by Applying Convolutional Neural Network and Random Forest Techniques

Roads are essential for daily transportation worldwide, but their aging and usage patterns can cause deterioration of the road surface, leading to a decline in quality. This deterioration often results in the formation of potholes and cracks on the roads, which can cause damage to vehicles or pose a physical danger to occupants, particularly in underdeveloped countries. Identifying potholes in real-time can help drivers avoid them and prevent accidents. Furthermore, recording their locations and sharing them can assist other drivers and road maintenance organizations take prompt corrective measures. In our attempt to address the issue of pothole detection, we aim to combine the latest technological advancements. We aim to develop practical, reliable, adaptable, and modular solutions. To achieve this, we will compare the performance of Random Forest, a machine learning model, with CNN, a deep learning model, in detecting potholes. We will train these models using multiple datasets and analyse their performance to determine their effectiveness in pothole detection

An Automated Machine-Learning Approach for Road Pothole Detection Using Smartphone Sensor Data.

Road surface monitoring and maintenance are essential for driving comfort, transport safety and preserving infrastructure integrity. Traditional road condition monitoring is regularly conducted by specially designed instrumented vehicles, which requires time and money and is only able to cover a limited proportion of the road network. In light of the ubiquitous use of smartphones, this paper proposes an automatic pothole detection system utilizing the built-in vibration sensors and global positioning system receivers in smartphones. We collected road condition data in a city using dedicated vehicles and smartphones with a purpose-built mobile application designed for this study. A series of processing methods were applied to the collected data, and features from different frequency domains were extracted, along with various machine-learning classifiers. The results indicated that features from the time and frequency domains outperformed other features for identifying potholes. Among the classifiers tested, the Random Forest method exhibited the best classification performance for potholes, with a precision of 88.5% and recall of 75%. Finally, we validated the proposed method using datasets generated from different road types and examined its universality and robustness

Real-Time Road Hazard Information System

Infrastructure is a significant factor in economic growth for systems of government. In order to increase economic productivity, maintaining infrastructure quality is essential. One of the elements of infrastructure is roads. Roads are means which help local and national economies be more productive. Furthermore, road damage such as potholes, debris, or cracks is the cause of many on-road accidents that have cost the lives of many drivers. In this paper, we propose a system that uses Convolutional Neural Networks to detect road degradations without data pre-processing. We utilize the state-of-the-art object detection algorithm, YOLO detector for the system. First, we developed a basic system working on data collecting, pre-processing, and classification. Secondly, we improved the classification performance achieving 97.98% in the overall model testing, and then we utilized pixel-level classification and detection with a method called semantic segmentation. We were able to achieve decent results using this method to detect and classify four different classes (Manhole, Pothole, Blurred Crosswalk, Blurred Street Line). We trained a segmentation model that recognizes the four classes mentioned above and achieved great results with this model allowing the machine to effectively and correctly identify and classify our four classes in an image. Although we obtained excellent accuracy from the detectors, these do not perform particularly well on embedded systems due to their network size. Therefore, we opted for a smaller, less accurate detector that will run in real time on a cheap embedded system, like the Google Coral Dev Board, without needing a powerful and expensive GPU

Automated Detection of Multiple Pavement Defects

Knowing the pavement condition is essential for efficiently deciding on maintenance programs. Current practice is predominantly manual with only 0.4% of inspections happening automatically. All methods in the literature aiming at automating condition assessment focus on two defects at most, or are too expensive for practical application. In this paper, the authors propose a low-cost method that automatically detects pavement defects simultaneously using parking camera video data. The types of defects addressed in this paper are two types of cracks (longitudinal and transverse), patches, and potholes. The method uses the semantic texton forests (STFs) algorithm as a supervised classifier on a calibrated region of interest (myROI), which is the area of the video frame depicting only the usable part of the pavement lane. It is validated using data collected from the local streets of Cambridge, U.K. Based on the results of multiple experiments, the overall accuracy of the method is above 82%, with a precision of more than 91% for longitudinal cracks, more than 81% for transverse cracks, more than 88% for patches, and more than 76% for potholes. The duration for training and classifying spans from 25 to 150 min, depending on the number of video frames used for each experiment. The contribution of this paper is dual: (1) an automated method for detecting several pavement defects at the same time, and (2) a method for calculating the region of interest within a video frame considering pavement manual guidelines.This material is based in part upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant Number 1031329.This is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from the American Society of Civil Engineers via https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CP.1943-5487.000062

Detection of Road Conditions Using Image Processing and Machine Learning Techniques for Situation Awareness

In this modern era, land transports are increasing dramatically. Moreover, self-driven car or the Advanced Driving Assistance System (ADAS) is now the public demand. For these types of cars, road conditions detection is mandatory. On the other hand, compared to the number of vehicles, to increase the number of roads is not possible. Software is the only alternative solution. Road Conditions Detection system will help to solve the issues. For solving this problem, Image processing, and machine learning have been applied to develop a project namely, Detection of Road Conditions Using Image Processing and Machine Learning Techniques for Situation Awareness. Many issues could be considered for road conditions but the main focus will be on the detection of potholes, Maintenance sings and lane. Image processing and machine learning have been combined for our system for detecting in real-time. Machine learning has been applied to maintains signs detection. Image processing has been applied for detecting lanes and potholes. The detection system will provide a lane mark with colored lines, the pothole will be a marker with a red rectangular box and for a road Maintenance sign, the system will also provide information of aintenance sign as maintenance sing is detected. By observing all these scenarios, the driver will realize the road condition. On the other hand situation awareness is the ability to perceive information from it’s surrounding, takes decisions based on perceived information and it makes decision based on prediction