Survey of Inter-satellite Communication for Small Satellite Systems: Physical Layer to Network Layer View

Small satellite systems enable whole new class of missions for navigation, communications, remote sensing and scientific research for both civilian and military purposes. As individual spacecraft are limited by the size, mass and power constraints, mass-produced small satellites in large constellations or clusters could be useful in many science missions such as gravity mapping, tracking of forest fires, finding water resources, etc. Constellation of satellites provide improved spatial and temporal resolution of the target. Small satellite constellations contribute innovative applications by replacing a single asset with several very capable spacecraft which opens the door to new applications. With increasing levels of autonomy, there will be a need for remote communication networks to enable communication between spacecraft. These space based networks will need to configure and maintain dynamic routes, manage intermediate nodes, and reconfigure themselves to achieve mission objectives. Hence, inter-satellite communication is a key aspect when satellites fly in formation. In this paper, we present the various researches being conducted in the small satellite community for implementing inter-satellite communications based on the Open System Interconnection (OSI) model. This paper also reviews the various design parameters applicable to the first three layers of the OSI model, i.e., physical, data link and network layer. Based on the survey, we also present a comprehensive list of design parameters useful for achieving inter-satellite communications for multiple small satellite missions. Specific topics include proposed solutions for some of the challenges faced by small satellite systems, enabling operations using a network of small satellites, and some examples of small satellite missions involving formation flying aspects.Comment: 51 pages, 21 Figures, 11 Tables, accepted in IEEE Communications Surveys and Tutorial

Enhancement Of Transmission Control Protocol Performance Over Low Earth Orbit Satellite Links

Recent growth of the Internet has led to the development of Internet services everywhere and over every possible communications medium. Here, Low Earth Orbit (LEO) Satellite has been addressed as a medium for supporting services based on the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP). Basically, TCP was proposed as a common transport protocol for the Internet. The TCP mechanisms have been modified overtime and almost standardized for wired networks. However, for wireless communications still further modifications are needed for TCP mechanisms. Particularly, in this study an Enhanced Selective Acknowledgement (ESACK) mechanism has been proposed to improve the performance of TCP over LEO satellite links. The ESACK detects the network congestion and adjusts the transmission window by considering losses in two consecutive windows

Performance Analysis of Protocol Independent Multicasting-Dense Mode in Low Earth Orbit Satellite Networks

This research explored the implementation of Protocol Independent Multicasting - Dense Mode (PIM-DM) in a LEO satellite constellation. PIM-DM is a terrestrial protocol for distributing traffic efficiently between subscriber nodes by combining data streams into a tree-based structure, spreading from the root of the tree to the branches. Using this structure, a minimum number of connections are required to transfer data, decreasing the load on intermediate satellite routers. The PIM-DM protocol was developed for terrestrial systems and this research implemented an adaptation of this protocol in a satellite system. This research examined the PIM-DM performance characteristics which were compared to earlier work for On- Demand Multicast Routing Protocol (ODMRP) and Distance Vector Multicasting Routing Protocol (DVMRP) - all in a LEO satellite network environment. Experimental results show that PIM-DM is extremely scalable and has equivalent performance across diverse workloads. Three performance metrics are used to determine protocol performance in the dynamic LEO satellite environment, including Data-to- Overhead ratio, Received-to-Sent ratio, and End-to-End Delay. The OPNET® simulations show that the PIM-DM Data-to-Overhead ratio is approximately 80% and the protocol reliability is extremely high, achieving a Receive-to-Sent ratio of 99.98% across all loading levels. Finally, the PIM-DM protocol introduces minimal delay, exhibiting an average End-to-End Delay of approximately 76 ms; this is well within the time necessary to support real-time communications. Though fundamental differences between the DVMRP, ODMRP, and PIM-DM implementations precluded a direct comparison for each experiment, by comparing average values, PIM-DM generally provides equivalent or better performance

ULE Robust Header Compression For Ip-Based Communication Over Digital Video Broadcasting-Satellite (DVB-S) [TK5104. T261 2008 f rb].

Untuk selama 35 tahun, Internet telah berkembang dan bertumbuh dengan pesat. Disebabkan pembangunan yang mendadak, permintaan capaian Internet menjadi kian popular di mana-mana saja melalui pelbagai jenis media, Over a span of thirty five years, the Internet has developed and grown rapidly. Due to its rapid growth, the demand for Internet access today is everywhere and over every possible medium such as satellite communications

On how to Mitigate the Packet Reordering Issue in the Explicit Load Balancing Scheme

科研費報告書収録論文(課題番号:17500030/研究代表者:加藤寧/インターネットと高親和性を有する次世代低軌道衛星ネットワークに関する基盤研究

QoS based Admission Control using Multipath Scheduler for IP over Satellite Networks

This paper presents a novel scheduling algorithm to support quality of service (QoS) for multiservice applications over integrated satellite and terrestrial networks using admission control system with multipath selection capabilities. The algorithm exploits the multipath routing paradigm over LEO and GEO satellites constellation in order to achieve optimum end-to-end QoS of the client-server Internet architecture for HTTP web service, file transfer, video streaming and VoIP applications. The proposed multipath scheduler over the satellite networks advocates load balancing technique based on optimum time-bandwidth in order to accommodate the burst of application traffics. The method tries to balance the bandwidth load and queue length on each link over satellite in order to fulfil the optimum QoS level for each traffic type. Each connection of a traffic type will be routed over a link with the least bandwidth load and queue length at current time in order to avoid congestion state. The multipath routing scheduling decision is based on per connection granularity so that packet reordering at the receiver side could be avoided. The performance evaluation of IP over satellites has been carried out using multiple connections, different file sizes and bit-error-rate (BER) variations to measure the packet delay, loss ratio and throughput

SZEROKOPASMOWE SATELITARNE SIECI DANYCH W KONTEKŚCIE DOSTĘPNYCH PROTOKOŁÓW I PLATFORM CYFROWYCH

Satellites are the transmission medium for providing connectivity and building global, continental, or regional networks around the world (satellite operators effectively use satellites to support Internet traffic), and point-to-point connections are also possible. In practical use, there are combinations of VSAT networks with terrestrial wireless extensions, allowing end users to increase the capabilities offered via satellite. This paper provides selected information on broadband satellite networks using VSAT technology, including available protocols and transmission platforms. The aim of the article is also to present the chosen technical aspects of satellite networks working with the usage of VSAT technology.Satelity stanowią medium transmisyjne dla zapewnienia łączności i budowy sieci globalnych, kontynentalnych czy regionalnych na całym świecie (operatorzy satelitarni efektywnie wykorzystują satelity do obsługi ruchu internetowego), przy czym możliwe są także połączenia typu punkt-punkt. W praktycznym użyciu są kombinacje sieci VSAT z bezprzewodowymi rozszerzeniami naziemnymi, co pozwala zwiększyć użytkownikom końcowym możliwości oferowane za pośrednictwem satelity. W artykule zamieszczono wybrane informacje na temat szerokopasmowych sieci satelitarnych z wykorzystaniem technologii VSAT, z uwzględnieniem dostępnych protokołów i platform transmisyjnych. Celem artykułu jest także przedstawienie wybranych aspektów technicznych sieci satelitarnych pracujących z wykorzystaniem technologii VSAT

Recent trends in IP/NGEO satellite communication systems: transport, routing, and mobility management concerns

科研費報告書収録論文(課題番号:17500030/研究代表者:加藤寧/インターネットと高親和性を有する次世代低軌道衛星ネットワークに関する基盤研究

Satellite Networks: Architectures, Applications, and Technologies

Since global satellite networks are moving to the forefront in enhancing the national and global information infrastructures due to communication satellites' unique networking characteristics, a workshop was organized to assess the progress made to date and chart the future. This workshop provided the forum to assess the current state-of-the-art, identify key issues, and highlight the emerging trends in the next-generation architectures, data protocol development, communication interoperability, and applications. Presentations on overview, state-of-the-art in research, development, deployment and applications and future trends on satellite networks are assembled

Explicit Load Balancing Technique for NGEO Satellite IP Networks With On-Board Processing Capabilities

科研費報告書収録論文(課題番号:17500030/研究代表者:加藤寧/インターネットと高親和性を有する次世代低軌道衛星ネットワークに関する基盤研究