25,923 research outputs found
A Taxonomy for Management and Optimization of Multiple Resources in Edge Computing
Edge computing is promoted to meet increasing performance needs of
data-driven services using computational and storage resources close to the end
devices, at the edge of the current network. To achieve higher performance in
this new paradigm one has to consider how to combine the efficiency of resource
usage at all three layers of architecture: end devices, edge devices, and the
cloud. While cloud capacity is elastically extendable, end devices and edge
devices are to various degrees resource-constrained. Hence, an efficient
resource management is essential to make edge computing a reality. In this
work, we first present terminology and architectures to characterize current
works within the field of edge computing. Then, we review a wide range of
recent articles and categorize relevant aspects in terms of 4 perspectives:
resource type, resource management objective, resource location, and resource
use. This taxonomy and the ensuing analysis is used to identify some gaps in
the existing research. Among several research gaps, we found that research is
less prevalent on data, storage, and energy as a resource, and less extensive
towards the estimation, discovery and sharing objectives. As for resource
types, the most well-studied resources are computation and communication
resources. Our analysis shows that resource management at the edge requires a
deeper understanding of how methods applied at different levels and geared
towards different resource types interact. Specifically, the impact of mobility
and collaboration schemes requiring incentives are expected to be different in
edge architectures compared to the classic cloud solutions. Finally, we find
that fewer works are dedicated to the study of non-functional properties or to
quantifying the footprint of resource management techniques, including
edge-specific means of migrating data and services.Comment: Accepted in the Special Issue Mobile Edge Computing of the Wireless
Communications and Mobile Computing journa
Orchestrating Service Migration for Low Power MEC-Enabled IoT Devices
Multi-Access Edge Computing (MEC) is a key enabling technology for Fifth
Generation (5G) mobile networks. MEC facilitates distributed cloud computing
capabilities and information technology service environment for applications
and services at the edges of mobile networks. This architectural modification
serves to reduce congestion, latency, and improve the performance of such edge
colocated applications and devices. In this paper, we demonstrate how reactive
service migration can be orchestrated for low-power MEC-enabled Internet of
Things (IoT) devices. Here, we use open-source Kubernetes as container
orchestration system. Our demo is based on traditional client-server system
from user equipment (UE) over Long Term Evolution (LTE) to the MEC server. As
the use case scenario, we post-process live video received over web real-time
communication (WebRTC). Next, we integrate orchestration by Kubernetes with S1
handovers, demonstrating MEC-based software defined network (SDN). Now, edge
applications may reactively follow the UE within the radio access network
(RAN), expediting low-latency. The collected data is used to analyze the
benefits of the low-power MEC-enabled IoT device scheme, in which end-to-end
(E2E) latency and power requirements of the UE are improved. We further discuss
the challenges of implementing such schemes and future research directions
therein
Distributed Hybrid Simulation of the Internet of Things and Smart Territories
This paper deals with the use of hybrid simulation to build and compose
heterogeneous simulation scenarios that can be proficiently exploited to model
and represent the Internet of Things (IoT). Hybrid simulation is a methodology
that combines multiple modalities of modeling/simulation. Complex scenarios are
decomposed into simpler ones, each one being simulated through a specific
simulation strategy. All these simulation building blocks are then synchronized
and coordinated. This simulation methodology is an ideal one to represent IoT
setups, which are usually very demanding, due to the heterogeneity of possible
scenarios arising from the massive deployment of an enormous amount of sensors
and devices. We present a use case concerned with the distributed simulation of
smart territories, a novel view of decentralized geographical spaces that,
thanks to the use of IoT, builds ICT services to manage resources in a way that
is sustainable and not harmful to the environment. Three different simulation
models are combined together, namely, an adaptive agent-based parallel and
distributed simulator, an OMNeT++ based discrete event simulator and a
script-language simulator based on MATLAB. Results from a performance analysis
confirm the viability of using hybrid simulation to model complex IoT
scenarios.Comment: arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1605.0487
Reconfigurable Security: Edge Computing-based Framework for IoT
In various scenarios, achieving security between IoT devices is challenging
since the devices may have different dedicated communication standards,
resource constraints as well as various applications. In this article, we first
provide requirements and existing solutions for IoT security. We then introduce
a new reconfigurable security framework based on edge computing, which utilizes
a near-user edge device, i.e., security agent, to simplify key management and
offload the computational costs of security algorithms at IoT devices. This
framework is designed to overcome the challenges including high computation
costs, low flexibility in key management, and low compatibility in deploying
new security algorithms in IoT, especially when adopting advanced cryptographic
primitives. We also provide the design principles of the reconfigurable
security framework, the exemplary security protocols for anonymous
authentication and secure data access control, and the performance analysis in
terms of feasibility and usability. The reconfigurable security framework paves
a new way to strength IoT security by edge computing.Comment: under submission to possible journal publication
Internet of Things-aided Smart Grid: Technologies, Architectures, Applications, Prototypes, and Future Research Directions
Traditional power grids are being transformed into Smart Grids (SGs) to
address the issues in existing power system due to uni-directional information
flow, energy wastage, growing energy demand, reliability and security. SGs
offer bi-directional energy flow between service providers and consumers,
involving power generation, transmission, distribution and utilization systems.
SGs employ various devices for the monitoring, analysis and control of the
grid, deployed at power plants, distribution centers and in consumers' premises
in a very large number. Hence, an SG requires connectivity, automation and the
tracking of such devices. This is achieved with the help of Internet of Things
(IoT). IoT helps SG systems to support various network functions throughout the
generation, transmission, distribution and consumption of energy by
incorporating IoT devices (such as sensors, actuators and smart meters), as
well as by providing the connectivity, automation and tracking for such
devices. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive survey on IoT-aided SG
systems, which includes the existing architectures, applications and prototypes
of IoT-aided SG systems. This survey also highlights the open issues,
challenges and future research directions for IoT-aided SG systems
TANGO: Transparent heterogeneous hardware Architecture deployment for eNergy Gain in Operation
The paper is concerned with the issue of how software systems actually use
Heterogeneous Parallel Architectures (HPAs), with the goal of optimizing power
consumption on these resources. It argues the need for novel methods and tools
to support software developers aiming to optimise power consumption resulting
from designing, developing, deploying and running software on HPAs, while
maintaining other quality aspects of software to adequate and agreed levels. To
do so, a reference architecture to support energy efficiency at application
construction, deployment, and operation is discussed, as well as its
implementation and evaluation plans.Comment: Part of the Program Transformation for Programmability in
Heterogeneous Architectures (PROHA) workshop, Barcelona, Spain, 12th March
2016, 7 pages, LaTeX, 3 PNG figure
A survey of communication protocols for internet of things and related challenges of fog and cloud computing integration
The fast increment in the number of IoT (Internet of Things) devices is accelerating the research on new solutions to make cloud services scalable. In this context, the novel concept of fog computing as well as the combined fog-to-cloud computing paradigm is becoming essential to decentralize the cloud, while bringing the services closer to the end-system. This article surveys e application layer communication protocols to fulfill the IoT communication requirements, and their potential for implementation in fog- and cloud-based IoT systems. To this end, the article first briefly presents potential protocol candidates, including request-reply and publish-subscribe protocols. After that, the article surveys these protocols based on their main characteristics, as well as the main performance issues, including latency, energy consumption, and network throughput. These findings are thereafter used to place the protocols in each segment of the system (IoT, fog, cloud), and thus opens up the discussion on their choice, interoperability, and wider system integration. The survey is expected to be useful to system architects and protocol designers when choosing the communication protocols in an integrated IoT-to-fog-to-cloud system architecture.Peer ReviewedPostprint (author's final draft
Software Defined Networks based Smart Grid Communication: A Comprehensive Survey
The current power grid is no longer a feasible solution due to
ever-increasing user demand of electricity, old infrastructure, and reliability
issues and thus require transformation to a better grid a.k.a., smart grid
(SG). The key features that distinguish SG from the conventional electrical
power grid are its capability to perform two-way communication, demand side
management, and real time pricing. Despite all these advantages that SG will
bring, there are certain issues which are specific to SG communication system.
For instance, network management of current SG systems is complex, time
consuming, and done manually. Moreover, SG communication (SGC) system is built
on different vendor specific devices and protocols. Therefore, the current SG
systems are not protocol independent, thus leading to interoperability issue.
Software defined network (SDN) has been proposed to monitor and manage the
communication networks globally. This article serves as a comprehensive survey
on SDN-based SGC. In this article, we first discuss taxonomy of advantages of
SDNbased SGC.We then discuss SDN-based SGC architectures, along with case
studies. Our article provides an in-depth discussion on routing schemes for
SDN-based SGC. We also provide detailed survey of security and privacy schemes
applied to SDN-based SGC. We furthermore present challenges, open issues, and
future research directions related to SDN-based SGC.Comment: Accepte
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