Bookmarking and Seeking Tool for Online Videos

At 2014, 66% of internet traffic was related to video content [1]. This number and everyday experience shows that by improving handheld device capabilities, social networks and internet speed, the video content which has been seen and posted is taking up most internet traffic. As a result, this thesis focuses on improving the user experience with videos in two supplementary features: Bookmarking videos and enhanced seeking. There have been many cases, such as CCTV and medical cases, where making a video summary and video synopsis does not serve the purpose and the whole video must be available. However, the user is only interested in certain moments in the video. Usually in these cases either a video summary is generated along the main video, interesting moments in the video is kept as a note, or the user finds it manually by making seeking forward and backward. Video bookmarking, which means keeping the original video and makes a list of interesting moments in the video, so that the user can seek toward them by selecting them solves this issue. The bookmarks are standardized JSON objects in a JSON array that can be added, deleted or modified. In their simplest form, they have a relative start time, duration and a caption. Having bookmarks available in the cases mentioned above, user behavior can be predicted. The user is highly likely to request a seek for a bookmarked moment. By caching the video content, which has the bookmarked content, the user does not need to wait for buffering to see the video playing from the seek target. Currently, the user must wait for buffering. It has a major impact in cases such as CCTV and medical cases, where different cameras have recorded a scene from different angles and a seek action must seek all the video content, at the same time. In this thesis, an application has been developed as proof of concept which has met both requirements. It has been developed over an existing application, which is used for treatment of epilepsy by using automated seizure detection

QUALITY-DRIVEN CROSS LAYER DESIGN FOR MULTIMEDIA SECURITY OVER RESOURCE CONSTRAINED WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS

The strong need for security guarantee, e.g., integrity and authenticity, as well as privacy and confidentiality in wireless multimedia services has driven the development of an emerging research area in low cost Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks (WMSNs). Unfortunately, those conventional encryption and authentication techniques cannot be applied directly to WMSNs due to inborn challenges such as extremely limited energy, computing and bandwidth resources. This dissertation provides a quality-driven security design and resource allocation framework for WMSNs. The contribution of this dissertation bridges the inter-disciplinary research gap between high layer multimedia signal processing and low layer computer networking. It formulates the generic problem of quality-driven multimedia resource allocation in WMSNs and proposes a cross layer solution. The fundamental methodologies of multimedia selective encryption and stream authentication, and their application to digital image or video compression standards are presented. New multimedia selective encryption and stream authentication schemes are proposed at application layer, which significantly reduces encryption/authentication complexity. In addition, network resource allocation methodologies at low layers are extensively studied. An unequal error protection-based network resource allocation scheme is proposed to achieve the best effort media quality with integrity and energy efficiency guarantee. Performance evaluation results show that this cross layer framework achieves considerable energy-quality-security gain by jointly designing multimedia selective encryption/multimedia stream authentication and communication resource allocation

Provider-Controlled Bandwidth Management for HTTP-based Video Delivery

Over the past few years, a revolution in video delivery technology has taken place as mobile viewers and over-the-top (OTT) distribution paradigms have significantly changed the landscape of video delivery services. For decades, high quality video was only available in the home via linear television or physical media. Though Web-based services brought video to desktop and laptop computers, the dominance of proprietary delivery protocols and codecs inhibited research efforts. The recent emergence of HTTP adaptive streaming protocols has prompted a re-evaluation of legacy video delivery paradigms and introduced new questions as to the scalability and manageability of OTT video delivery. This dissertation addresses the question of how to enable for content and network service providers the ability to monitor and manage large numbers of HTTP adaptive streaming clients in an OTT environment. Our early work focused on demonstrating the viability of server-side pacing schemes to produce an HTTP-based streaming server. We also investigated the ability of client-side pacing schemes to work with both commodity HTTP servers and our HTTP streaming server. Continuing our client-side pacing research, we developed our own client-side data proxy architecture which was implemented on a variety of mobile devices and operating systems. We used the portable client architecture as a platform for investigating different rate adaptation schemes and algorithms. We then concentrated on evaluating the network impact of multiple adaptive bitrate clients competing for limited network resources, and developing schemes for enforcing fair access to network resources. The main contribution of this dissertation is the definition of segment-level client and network techniques for enforcing class of service (CoS) differentiation between OTT HTTP adaptive streaming clients. We developed a segment-level network proxy architecture which works transparently with adaptive bitrate clients through the use of segment replacement. We also defined a segment-level rate adaptation algorithm which uses download aborts to enforce CoS differentiation across distributed independent clients. The segment-level abstraction more accurately models application-network interactions and highlights the difference between segment-level and packet-level time scales. Our segment-level CoS enforcement techniques provide a foundation for creating scalable managed OTT video delivery services

Quality of experience-centric management of adaptive video streaming services : status and challenges

Video streaming applications currently dominate Internet traffic. Particularly, HTTP Adaptive Streaming ( HAS) has emerged as the dominant standard for streaming videos over the best-effort Internet, thanks to its capability of matching the video quality to the available network resources. In HAS, the video client is equipped with a heuristic that dynamically decides the most suitable quality to stream the content, based on information such as the perceived network bandwidth or the video player buffer status. The goal of this heuristic is to optimize the quality as perceived by the user, the so-called Quality of Experience (QoE). Despite the many advantages brought by the adaptive streaming principle, optimizing users' QoE is far from trivial. Current heuristics are still suboptimal when sudden bandwidth drops occur, especially in wireless environments, thus leading to freezes in the video playout, the main factor influencing users' QoE. This issue is aggravated in case of live events, where the player buffer has to be kept as small as possible in order to reduce the playout delay between the user and the live signal. In light of the above, in recent years, several works have been proposed with the aim of extending the classical purely client-based structure of adaptive video streaming, in order to fully optimize users' QoE. In this article, a survey is presented of research works on this topic together with a classification based on where the optimization takes place. This classification goes beyond client-based heuristics to investigate the usage of server-and network-assisted architectures and of new application and transport layer protocols. In addition, we outline the major challenges currently arising in the field of multimedia delivery, which are going to be of extreme relevance in future years

Secured Technique of AMOV and ESOV in the Clouds

The available hardware and technology for consumers and service providers today allow for advanced multimedia services over IP-based networks. Hence,the popularity of video and audio streaming services such as Video-on-Demand (VoD),The user demand for videos over the mobile devices through wireless links this wireless links capacity cannot be corporate with the traffic demand. As delay between traffic demand and link capacity, with link conditions, low ouput quality of service and sending data on this media result in buffering time . in this paper we propose a new secure mobile video streaming framework AMoV (adaptive mobile video streaming) and ESoV(efficient social video sharing) are the terms which are currently gaining the attention of variety of computer users and researchers. While enjoying the multimedia services like videos and images, the basic quandary faced by any individual is the progressive downloading or the buffering of the videos. As the researches are focusing on various technologies in said issue, very least focus is given on to the security issues present in these technologies. The basic idea behind this paper is to study and to survey the literature and to propose the security aspects in related field

Decoding the Landscape of Smart City Platforms: A Taxonomy Approach

The notion of Smart Cities (SC) has gained significant attention in re-cent years as cities are becoming more connected, integrated and technologically advanced. Smart City Platforms (SCPs) have emerged as an important element of this movement, representing the backbone for collecting, processing, and an-alyzing urban data streams from peripheral devices and systems in a city. This study seeks to identify the key dimensions and characteristics of SCPs. Based on a systematic literature, we crafted a taxonomy following Nickerson et al. (2013) guidelines. The taxonomy contributes to existing literature, offering a set of char-acterizations of SCPs which provides a framework to thoroughly analyze SCPs. Further, we gain extra insights about their differences and their distinct layers

Multimedia

The nowadays ubiquitous and effortless digital data capture and processing capabilities offered by the majority of devices, lead to an unprecedented penetration of multimedia content in our everyday life. To make the most of this phenomenon, the rapidly increasing volume and usage of digitised content requires constant re-evaluation and adaptation of multimedia methodologies, in order to meet the relentless change of requirements from both the user and system perspectives. Advances in Multimedia provides readers with an overview of the ever-growing field of multimedia by bringing together various research studies and surveys from different subfields that point out such important aspects. Some of the main topics that this book deals with include: multimedia management in peer-to-peer structures & wireless networks, security characteristics in multimedia, semantic gap bridging for multimedia content and novel multimedia applications