Simulation of Energy Consumption in Multi Cluster Wireless Sensor Networks

Energy conserving protocols in wireless sensor networks (WSNs), such as S-MAC, introduce multi-cluster network. The border nodes in multi cluster WSNs have more active time than the other nodes in the network; hence have more energy depletion rate. Since battery replacement in most networks is considered difficult, one or more nodes running out of energy prematurely will affect the network connectivity and decrease the overall network performance severely. This paper aims to (1) analyze the energy consumption in a multi-cluster sensor network and compare it to the single cluster scenario (2) investigate the merging time in a single cluster network. The result shows that, in average the energy needed to deliver a packet in the multi cluster networks is about 150% more than the energy needed in the single cluster networks. Moreover, the merging time in the single cluster network using schedule offset as the merging criteria in average is slightly smaller than one in the network using schedule ID as the merging criteria

Energy Consumption Reduction of a Chiller Plant by Adding Evaporative Pads to Decrease Condensation Temperature

Producción CientíficaThe high energy consumption of cooling systems justifies the need for strategies to increase the efficiency of the facilities, in order to reduce the related CO2 emissions. This study aims to improve the performance and reduce the energy consumption of an 8.6 MW air cooled chiller. This installed capacity is biased due to the screw compressors, of 2.98 Energy Efficiency Ratio (EER) at full load (characteristics provided by the manufacturer). The chiller unit has been modified by placing evaporating cooling pads before the condensing coils. The chiller has been monitored for three months, recording over 544,322 measurements (5 min-step data), with and without the evaporative cooling pads, to assess the performance. Data comparison has been done by selecting two days (with and without evaporative panels) with the same health care load and temperatures. Implementing the proposed strategy yields an improvement in the European Seasonal Energy Efficiency Ratio (ESEER) from 3.69 to 4.83, while the Total Equivalent Warming Impact (TEWI) decreases about 1000 tCO2. Energy savings of up to 32.6 MWh result into a payback period lower than 2 years.Junta de Castilla y León (project VA272P18

Energy Consumption of Lactating Mothers: Current Situation and Problems

Recommendations on the adequacy of nutrient intake indicate that lactating mothers have higher nutritional needs than do pregnant mothers. High nutrient intake is necessary to help mothers recover after childbirth, produce milk, and maintain the quantity and quality of breast milk. It also prevents maternal malnutrition. Research has shown, however, that the dietary energy consumption of mothers during lactation was significantly lower than that during pregnancy. The current study explored the factors associated with decreased nutritional intake during maternal lactation. The study was conducted in March–April 2013, and the subjects were mothers with infants aged >6 months. Results revealed that the factors causing low dietary energy consumption among breastfeeding mothers were poor nutritional knowledge and attitude toward high energy intake requirements during lactation, lack of time to cook and eat because of infant care, reduced consumption of milk and supplements, dietary restrictions and prohibitions, and suboptimal advice from midwives/health personnel. Beginning from the antenatal care visit, health personnel should conduct effective counseling on the importance of nutrient intake during lactation. Advice should be provided not only to mothers, but also to their families to enable them to thoroughly support the mothers as they breastfeed their infants

Global Energy Consumption

Energiekonsum; Primärenergieträger; Regulierung; Welt

Exploring Energy Consumption Issues for video Streaming in Mobile Devices: a Review

The proliferation of high-end mobile devices, such as smart phones, tablets, together have gained the popularity of multimedia streaming among the user. It is found from various studies and survey that at end of 2020 mobile devices will increase drastically and Mobile video streaming will also grow rapidly than overall average mobile traffic. The streaming application in Smartphone heavily depends on the wireless network activities substantially amount of data transfer server to the client. Because of very high energy requirement of data transmitted in wireless interface for video streaming application considered as most energy consuming application. Therefore to optimize the battery USAge of mobile device during video streaming it is essential to understand the various video streaming techniques and there energy consumption issues in different environment. In this paper we explore energy consumption in mobile device while experiencing video streaming and examine the solution that has been discussed in various research to improve the energy consumption during video streaming in mobile devices . We classify the investigation on a different layer of internet protocol stack they utilize and also compare them and provide proof of fact that already exist in modern Smartphone as energy saving mechanism

Visualizing Energy Consumption of Radiators

Heating is a significant expenditure of many households today but the actual power consumption of the heating devices are seldom recognized. To help people understand and reflect upon their domestic energy consumption, we have designed an electrical radiator that emits heat entirely from light bulbs. This appliance responds to temperature changes in the room via sensors. The idea was to combine the product semantics of lamps and radiators and direct focus on the latter neglected product category. We argue that by re-designing domestic appliances adding means to visualize energy consumption in engaging and interesting ways it is possible to make energy utilization less abstract and easier to comprehend

Survey on Household Energy Consumption of Public Apartments in Bandung City, Indonesia

Indonesia has been experiencing population and high economic growth in line with rapid urbanization. As a consequence, the needs for living areas increased faster and enormous number of residential buildings, especially apartments, have been developed in major cities, such as Bandung, resulting in further growth of energy consumption.Thus, it is necessary to develop energy-saving sustainable apartments in Indonesia in order to cope with escalating energy issues. This paper reveals the detailed profiles of household energy consumption of apartments in Bandung City, Indonesia. A survey within the city was conducted (n=100) in 2016 to obtain household energy consumption data of public apartments. The detailed information about household appliances and domestic energy consumption profile among households were investigated through the face-to-face interviews and the measurement of appliances' capacities by using the watt checker. The annual average energy consumption including electricity and gas was calculated. The results show that the annual average operational energy for public apartments are 9.8 GJ/year. The annual average energy for cooking accounts for the largest percentage (48%) of operational energy followed by refrigerator (27%), lighting (10%), entertainment (9%), cooling (3%), etc. The profiles of CO2 emissions are similar with those of energy and the potential energy-saving strategies for apartments in Indonesia were proposed

Energy consumption and capacity utilization of galvanizing furnaces

An explicit equation leading to a method for improving furnace efficiency is presented. This equation is dimensionless and can be applied to furnaces of any size and fuel type for the purposes of comparison. The implications for current furnace design are discussed. Currently the technique most commonly used to reduce energy consumption in galvanizing furnaces is to increase burner turndown. This is shown by the analysis presented here actually to worsen the thermal efficiency of the furnace, particularly at low levels of capacity utilization. Galvanizing furnaces are different to many furnaces used within industry, as a quantity of material (in this case zinc) is kept molten within the furnace at all times, even outside production periods. The dimensionless analysis can, however, be applied to furnaces with the same operational function as a galvanizing furnace, such as some furnaces utilized within the glass industry. © IMechE 2004

Predicting fuel energy consumption during earthworks

This research contributes to the assessment of on-site fuel consumption and the resulting carbon dioxide emissions due to earthworks-related processes in residential building projects, prior to the start of the construction phase. Several studies have been carried out on this subject, and have demonstrated the considerable environmental impact of earthworks activities in terms of fuel consumption. However, no methods have been proposed to estimate on-site fuel consumption during the planning stage. This paper presents a quantitative method to predict fuel consumption before the construction phase. The calculations were based on information contained in construction project documents and the definition of equipment load factors. Load factors were characterized for the typical equipment that is used in earthworks in residential building projects (excavators, loaders and compactors), taking into considering the type of soil, the type of surface and the duration of use. We also analyzed transport fuel consumption, because of its high impact in terms of pollution. The proposed method was then applied to a case study that illustrated its practical use and benefits. The predictive method can be used as an assessment tool for residential construction projects, to measure the environmental impact in terms of on-site fuel consumption. Consequently, it provides a significant basis for future methods to compare construction projects.Peer ReviewedPostprint (author's final draft