Automated Attendance System using Active RFID

The main focus ofthis project is to enhance the integrity and the authenticity ofdata, whereby, conventional system couldn't ensure the safety of the data. As the result, many employees neglect the importance of attitude in working environment. This project offers a safety towards the data, and in the same time helping in monitoring the movement of employees. Given a number of time, this project will undergo several phases which are planning, analysis, design and implementation. Lastly, the success ofthis project will be determined, and a conclusion should be made based on the result obtained, whether the objective has been met or not

Automated Attendance System using Active RFID

The main focus ofthis project is to enhance the integrity and the authenticity ofdata, whereby, conventional system couldn't ensure the safety of the data. As the result, many employees neglect the importance of attitude in working environment. This project offers a safety towards the data, and in the same time helping in monitoring the movement of employees. Given a number of time, this project will undergo several phases which are planning, analysis, design and implementation. Lastly, the success ofthis project will be determined, and a conclusion should be made based on the result obtained, whether the objective has been met or not

Clothing-Integrated Human-Technology Interaction

Due to the different disabilities of people and versatile use environments, the current handheld and screen-based digital devices on the market are not suitable for all consumers and all situations. Thus, there is an urgent need for human- technology interaction solutions, where the required input actions to digital devices are simple, easy to establish, and instinctive, allowing the whole society to effortlessly interact with the surrounding technology. In passive ultra-high frequency (UHF) radio frequency identification (RFID) systems, the tag consists only of an antenna and a simple integrated circuit (IC). The tag gets all the needed power from the RFID reader and can be thus seamlessly and in a maintenance-free way integrated into clothing. In this thesis, it is presented that by integrating passive UHF RFID technology into clothing, body movements and gestures can be monitored by monitoring the individual IDs and backscattered signals of the tags. Electro-textiles and embroidery with conductive thread are found to be suitable options when manufacturing and materials for such garments are considered. This thesis establishes several RFID- based interface solutions, multiple types of inputs through RFID platforms, and controlling the surrounding and communicating with RFID-based on/off functions. The developed intelligent clothing is visioned to provide versatile applications for assistive technology, for entertainment, and ambient assistant living, and for comfort and safety in work environments, just to name a few examples

Enlightened shelf awareness

Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2009.Includes bibliographical references (p. 52-55).The use of RFID technology in libraries has increased to the point where it is now the centerpiece of emerging automated self-checkout, return, and theft detection systems. With the external borders of the library secure, focus has shifted to improve the internal state of a library's collection, which is subjected daily to use and abuse by library patrons. In this thesis I present BookBot, a robot equipped with RFID readers, that automates the otherwise manual shelf-reading process and helps librarians keep their database in sync with the library's physical inventory. Experiments on single shelves and entire bookcases confirm that this robot-assisted approach to inventory management can not only detect misplaced books reliably, but accurately determine the order of the books on the shelves and even localize the coordinates of each book to within a few centimeters, enabling both the librarian and the user to reach a state of Enlightened Shelf Awareness.by Isaac M. Ehrenberg.S.M

Analysis of Current State of The Art of RFID IC Chips

Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) is a constantly developing technology particularly in the ultra-high-frequency (UHF) band for its long operating range, power efficiency, and maintenance-free characteristics. It has been successfully developed for many applications already, that includes identification, sensing, tracking, monitoring, etc. In terms of tag, the integrated circuit (IC) or chip play an essential part in the functionality of the tag, where logical information is programmed into. Nowadays, the chips come in a variety of memory options, sensitivity, supported protocols, with an optional battery-assisted mode, additional commands, and features. There are various methods that are followed to fabricate RFID tags, i.e. inkjet-printing, painting, 3D printing, etching, etc. On the way of completion of these procedures, some of the methods involve the use of chemicals, producing waste, which is unfavorable in respect of the cost, and as well as the environment. In addition, the substrate impacts tag’s performance. If the tag is going to be attached for instance, on a metal surface the radiation properties of the tag antenna would experience changes, as the electromagnetic waves will reflect on the metal surface, which will basically degrade tag’s performance. Maintaining multiple applications on a single chip has become common to a certain extent. It requires additional power than usual, which is an issue for passive tags. In order to overcome this hurdle, energy harvesting system is required, which is going to suffice the need for a power source. In this paper, the functionalities and applications of the RFID chips have been reviewed and some suggestions have been proposed on how RFID can be commercially manufactured, in terms of fabrication methods, supplying enough power for applications, and ensuring security of the tagged object

AN INVESTIGATION OF NOVEL UHF MICROSTRIP FRACTAL PATCH ANTENNAE FOR AN RFID DOORWAY READER SYSTEM

The applications of Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology has expanded drastically after the arrival of data revolution and coming age of human-free industry: Industry 4.0. The focus has been reduction of installation costs by developing plug and play systems when transitioning from traditional manual-scan systems to fully automated systems with improved efficiency. The main contributor to efficiency of an RFID system is the reader antenna. Microstrip patch antennae are found to be most suitable for RFID applications. Miniaturisation of the antenna without compromising its efficiency has been one of the central concerns in the last few decades. For fixed reader RFID antennae, maintaining enough gain while having the ability to read tags moving in any orientation and speed as well as blindspots when clustered together have been major challenges in the industry. The work proposed in this thesis aims to design miniaturised novel modified fractal antennae suitable for an RFID doorway reader system, operating at UK’s RFID UHF band, 870MHz. The work proposed combines novel miniaturising and gain enhancement techniques to meet desired requirements. Fractal patterns are used to increase the electrical length of the antenna while maintaining its physical size and obtain multiband behaviour thus reading tags slightly off-tuned with the help of RFID reader’s Frequency hopping technique. Antennae are made on high dielectric constant substrates, RF60A for further miniaturisation. Several geometry techniques including copper wall construction and 90 degree delayed two port feeders are used for gain enhancement, narrow beamwidth and circular polarisation. CST Microwave Studio Suite simulations demonstrate that a commercially available directivity (5dBi) compared to market research and published research papers have been achieved. RFID testing on manufactured prototypes demonstrated that antenna designs are suitable for a fully automated doorway reader system to obtain 100% detection efficiency with precise manufacturing and fine tuning

Minimal Infrastructure Radio Frequency Home Localisation Systems

The ability to track the location of a subject in their home allows the provision of a number of location based services, such as remote activity monitoring, context sensitive prompts and detection of safety critical situations such as falls. Such pervasive monitoring functionality offers the potential for elders to live at home for longer periods of their lives with minimal human supervision. The focus of this thesis is on the investigation and development of a home roomlevel localisation technique which can be readily deployed in a realistic home environment with minimal hardware requirements. A conveniently deployed Bluetooth ® localisation platform is designed and experimentally validated throughout the thesis. The platform adopts the convenience of a mobile phone and the processing power of a remote location calculation computer. The use of Bluetooth ® also ensures the extensibility of the platform to other home health supervision scenarios such as wireless body sensor monitoring. Central contributions of this work include the comparison of probabilistic and nonprobabilistic classifiers for location prediction accuracy and the extension of probabilistic classifiers to a Hidden Markov Model Bayesian filtering framework. New location prediction performance metrics are developed and signicant performance improvements are demonstrated with the novel extension of Hidden Markov Models to higher-order Markov movement models. With the simple probabilistic classifiers, location is correctly predicted 80% of the time. This increases to 86% with the application of the Hidden Markov Models and 88% when high-order Hidden Markov Models are employed. Further novelty is exhibited in the derivation of a real-time Hidden Markov Model Viterbi decoding algorithm which presents all the advantages of the original algorithm, while producing location estimates in real-time. Significant contributions are also made to the field of human gait-recognition by applying Bayesian filtering to the task of motion detection from accelerometers which are already present in many mobile phones. Bayesian filtering is demonstrated to enable a 35% improvement in motion recognition rate and even enables a floor recognition rate of 68% using only accelerometers. The unique application of time-varying Hidden Markov Models demonstrates the effect of integrating these freely available motion predictions on long-term location predictions

Framework for lifecycle management of facilities components using RFID technology

The AECOO (Architecture, Engineering, Construction, Owner and Operator) industry is highly fragmented; therefore, efficient information sharing and exchange between various players are evidently needed. Furthermore, the information about facility components should be managed throughout the lifecycle and be easily accessible for all players in the AECOO industry. BIM is emerging as a method of creating, sharing, exchanging and managing the information throughout the lifecyc1e between all the stakeholders. Radio Frequency Identification (RFID), on the other hand, has emerged as an automatic data collection and information storage technology, and has been used in different applications in AECOO. This research proposes permanently attaching RFID tags to facility components where the memory of the tags is populated with accumulated lifecycle information of the components taken from a standard BIM database. This information is used to enhance different processes throughout the lifecycle. In addition, this research suggests storing other types of BIM information (e.g., floor plans) on RFID tags which is not necessarily related to the components themselves. Having BIM data chunks stored on tags provides a distributed database of BIM and allows data access for different players who do not have real-time access to a central database. In this research, a conceptual RFID-based system structure and data storage/retrieval design are elaborated. The value adding benefits and scope of impact of the proposed approach are discussed. To explore the technical feasibility of the proposed approach, two case studies have been implemented and tested