Heat Transfer in Engineering

The advancements in research related to heat transfer has gathered much attention in recent decades following the quest for efficient thermal systems, interdisciplinary studies involving heat transfer, and energy research. Heat transfer, a fundamental transport phenomenon, has been considered one of the critical aspects for the development and advancement of many modern applications, including cooling, thermal systems which contain symmetry analysis, energy conservation and storage, and symmetry-preserving discretization of heat transfer in a complex turbulent flow. The objective of this book is to present recent advances, as well as up-to-date progress in all areas of heat transfer in engineering and its influence on emerging technologies

Book of abstracts of the 2nd International Conference of TEMA: mobilizing projects

Based on its Human Capital and Capacities, the Centre for Mechanical Technology and Automation (TEMA) embraces a mission aiming to contribute to a sustainable industry, with specially focus on the surrounding SMEs, and to the wellbeing of society. Sustainable manufacturing aims to contribute to the development of a sustainable industry by developments and innovations on manufacturing engineering and technologies, to increase productivity, improve products quality and reduce waste in production processes. Technologies for the Wellbeing wishes to contribute to the wellbeing of society by the development of supportive engineering systems focusing on people and their needs and intending to improve their quality of life. TEMA intends to maximize its national and international impact in terms of scientific productivity and its transfer to society by tackling the relevant challenges of our time. TEMA is aware of the major challenges of our days, not only confined to scientific issues but also the societal ones, (a strategic pillar of the Horizon 2020 program), at the same time placing an effort to have its research disseminated, in high impact journals to the international scientific community. (...)publishe

New advances in vehicular technology and automotive engineering

An automobile was seen as a simple accessory of luxury in the early years of the past century. Therefore, it was an expensive asset which none of the common citizen could afford. It was necessary to pass a long period and waiting for Henry Ford to establish the first plants with the series fabrication. This new industrial paradigm makes easy to the common American to acquire an automobile, either for running away or for working purposes. Since that date, the automotive research grown exponentially to the levels observed in the actuality. Now, the automobiles are indispensable goods; saying with other words, the automobile is a first necessity article in a wide number of aspects of living: for workers to allow them to move from their homes into their workplaces, for transportation of students, for allowing the domestic women in their home tasks, for ambulances to carry people with decease to the hospitals, for transportation of materials, and so on, the list don’t ends. The new goal pursued by the automotive industry is to provide electric vehicles at low cost and with high reliability. This commitment is justified by the oil’s peak extraction on 50s of this century and also by the necessity to reduce the emissions of CO2 to the atmosphere, as well as to reduce the needs of this even more valuable natural resource. In order to achieve this task and to improve the regular cars based on oil, the automotive industry is even more concerned on doing applied research on technology and on fundamental research of new materials. The most important idea to retain from the previous introduction is to clarify the minds of the potential readers for the direct and indirect penetration of the vehicles and the vehicular industry in the today’s life. In this sequence of ideas, this book tries not only to fill a gap by presenting fresh subjects related to the vehicular technology and to the automotive engineering but to provide guidelines for future research. This book account with valuable contributions from worldwide experts of automotive’s field. The amount and type of contributions were judiciously selected to cover a broad range of research. The reader can found the most recent and cutting-edge sources of information divided in four major groups: electronics (power, communications, optics, batteries, alternators and sensors), mechanics (suspension control, torque converters, deformation analysis, structural monitoring), materials (nanotechnology, nanocomposites, lubrificants, biodegradable, composites, structural monitoring) and manufacturing (supply chains). We are sure that you will enjoy this book and will profit with the technical and scientific contents. To finish, we are thankful to all of those who contributed to this book and who made it possible.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Ultrafast Pulsed-Laser Applications for Semiconductor Thin Film Deposition and Graphite Photoexfoliation.

This thesis focuses on the application of ultrafast lasers in nanomaterial synthesis. Two techniques are investigated: Ultrafast Pulsed Laser Deposition (UFPLD) of semiconductor nanoparticle thin films and ultrafast laser scanning for the photoexfoliation of graphite to synthesize graphene. The importance of the work is its demonstration that the process of making nanoparticles with ultrafast lasers is extremely versatile and can be applied to practically any material and substrate. Moreover, the process is scalable to large areas: by scanning the laser with appropriate optics it is possible to coat square meters of materials (e.g., battery electrodes) quickly and inexpensively with nanoparticles. With UFPLD we have shown there is a nanoparticle size dependence on the laser fluence and the optical emission spectrum of the plume can be used to determine a fluence that favors smaller nanoparticles, in the range of 10-20 nm diameter and 3-5 nm in height. We have also demonstrated there are two structural types of particles: amorphous and crystalline, as verified with XRD and Raman spectroscopy. When deposited as a coating, the nanoparticles can behave as a quasi-continuous thin film with very promising carrier mobilities, 5-52 cm2/Vs, substantially higher than for other spray-coated thin film technologies and orders of magnitude larger than those of colloidal quantum dot (QD) films. Scanning an ultrafast laser over the surface of graphite was shown to produce both filamentary structures and sheets which are semi-transparent to the secondary-electron beam in SEM. These sheets resemble layers of graphene produced by exfoliation. An ultrafast laser “printing” configuration was also identified by coating a thin, transparent substrate with graphite particles and irradiating the back of the film for a forward transfer of material onto a receiving substrate. A promising application of laser-irradiated graphene coatings was investigated, namely to improve the charge acceptance of lead-acid battery electrodes. We demonstrated improvements of 63 % in the cycle lifetime and 23 % in the electrode charging conductance.PHDApplied PhysicsUniversity of Michigan, Horace H. Rackham School of Graduate Studieshttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/120790/1/ioraiqat_1.pd

Polyimides for piezoelectric materials, magnetoelectric nanocomposites and battery separators: synthesis and characterization

329 p.Se ha sintetizado una serie de poliimidas y copoliimidas que contienen grupos nitrilo en su estructura, y posteriormente han sido polarizadas por corona con objeto de dotarlas de comportamiento piezoeléctrico. Las condiciones de la polarización por corona han sido optimizadas para las muestras estudiadas, mostrando los coeficientes una buena estabilidad térmica y a lo largo del tiempo. Además, se ha estudiado la influencia en la piezoelectricidad de la unidad repetitiva con dos grupos nitrilo, observando que un incremento progresivo del contenido en el componente con dos grupos nitrilo (2CN) aumenta la respuesta piezoeléctrica. Los films poliméricos han demostrado alta estabilidad térmica mediante DSC y TGA, demostrando su uso a temperaturas superiores a 100ºC.Las propiedades dieléctricas de las muestras han sido determinadas mediante espectroscopia dieléctrica para comprender el comportamiento dieléctrico de los films de poliimida. Se ha analizado la contribución de los grupos nitrilo en las relajaciones dieléctricas y en los tipos de polarización que se ven implicados.El uso de poliimidas en nanocomposites magnetoeléctricos (ME) ha sido demostrado. Se ha medido el coeficiente magnetoeléctrico en un film de nanocomposite, preparado mediante un método de polimerización in-situ, usando nanopartículas esféricas de ferrita de cobalto como inclusión y una copoliimida amorfa, como matriz. Se han preparado diferentes fibras de poliimida mediante electrospinning (electrohilado), han sido caracterizadas y testadas como separadores para baterías de ion Litio

Functional Nanostructure Synthesis and Properties

The dissertation addressed challenges in the nanostructure synthesis, applied the materials to engineering fields, such as lithium battery material, fluorescent and magnetic drug deliveries; and developed new characterization methods to better understand particle properties and formation mechanisms

Advanced Energy Harvesting Technologies

Energy harvesting is the conversion of unused or wasted energy in the ambient environment into useful electrical energy. It can be used to power small electronic systems such as wireless sensors and is beginning to enable the widespread and maintenance-free deployment of Internet of Things (IoT) technology. This Special Issue is a collection of the latest developments in both fundamental research and system-level integration. This Special Issue features two review papers, covering two of the hottest research topics in the area of energy harvesting: 3D-printed energy harvesting and triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs). These papers provide a comprehensive survey of their respective research area, highlight the advantages of the technologies and point out challenges in future development. They are must-read papers for those who are active in these areas. This Special Issue also includes ten research papers covering a wide range of energy-harvesting techniques, including electromagnetic and piezoelectric wideband vibration, wind, current-carrying conductors, thermoelectric and solar energy harvesting, etc. Not only are the foundations of these novel energy-harvesting techniques investigated, but the numerical models, power-conditioning circuitry and real-world applications of these novel energy harvesting techniques are also presented

Environmental Risks and Benefits of Nano-Enabled Clean Energy Technologies

Engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) are increasingly incorporated into clean energy technologies due to observed improvement in technological and system performance. Though these materials could revolutionize many products and technologies, increased use of ENMs can also introduce uncertainty and risks that are difficult to predict. Increase in ENM use could significantly increase ENM releases to the environment across their life cycle, from material synthesis to end-of-life. To address knowledge gaps and uncertainties, this work assesses a portfolio of ENMs from a systems perspective. First, characterization and quantification methods were developed for three carbonaceous ENMs, fullerenes (C60, C70, and derivative PCBM), which have promising application in solar technologies. Empirical ecotoxicity assays and predation studies were performed to determine ecotoxicity and predation effects. Next, an integrated model predicted potential risks of ENM accumulation by estimating potential manufacturing locations, spatial concentrations, and potential ecological risks. This was followed by an adaption of portfolio optimization, a model traditionally used to optimize investment performance, to model potential environmental and economic risks and simultaneous performance benefits and inform safe nano-enabled design. Ecotoxicity findings demonstrate differences among fullerenes where organisms exposed to fullerenes also experienced significantly increased predation risk, underscoring the need to consider potential system-level effects. Based on manufacturing locations, potential ENM exposure may be within buffer distances of sensitive ecosystems. However, modeled ENM accumulation would only reach levels associated with ecotoxicity risk under extreme scenarios. Future ENM use-patterns can be informed by the portfolio optimization approach, where optimal portfolios are determined by the materials-mix that yielded the greatest overall performance return while minimizing the portfolio risks. These novel methods and tools contribute to the knowledge of the benefits and risks of ENMs, which will help to guide more responsible and proactive policy and planning around ENM development and use

Properties and biomedical applications of magnetic nanoparticles

Magnetic nanoparticles have a number of unique properties, making them promising agents for applications in medicine including magnetically targeted drug delivery, magnetic hyperthermia, magnetic resonance imaging, and radiation therapy. They are biocompatible and can also be coated with biocompatible surfactants, which may be further functionalized with optically and therapeutically active molecules. These nanoparticles can be manipulated with non-invasive external magnetic field to produce heat, target specific site, and monitor their distribution in vivo. Within this framework, we have investigated a number of biomedical applications of these nanoparticles. We synthesized a thermosensitive microgel with iron oxide adsorbed on its surface. An alternating magnetic field applied to these nanocomposites heated the system and triggered the release of an anticancer drug mitoxantrone . We also parameterized the chain length dependence of drug release from dextran coated iron oxide nanoparticles, finding that both the release rate and equilibrium release fraction depend on the molecular mass of the surfactant. Finally, we also localized dextran coated iron oxide nanoparticles labeled with tat peptide to the cell nucleus, which permits this system to be used for a variety of biomedical applications. Beyond investigating magnetic nanoparticles for biomedical applications, we also studied their magnetohydrodynamic and dielectric properties in solution. Magnetohydrodynamic properties of ferrofluid can be controlled by appropriate selection of surfactant and deielctric measurement showed magnetodielectric coupling in this system. We also established that some complex low temperature spin structures are suppressed in Mn3O4 nanoparticles, which has important implications for nanomagnetic devices. Furthermore, we explored exchange bias effects in Ni-NiO core-shell nanoparticles. Finally, we also performed extensive magnetic studies in nickel metalhydride (NiMH) batteries to determine the size of Ni clusters, which plays important role on catalyzing the electrochemical reaction and powering Ni-MH batteries