Partial Automation of Data Analysis in a Z Prime Boson Search

Analysis of data from the ATLAS experiment at the LHC has been a research focus in the Department of Physics at Bellarmine University (BU). At BU, analysis has largely been focused on Z boson decays and searching for evidence of a Z’ (Z Prime) boson. The data are stored in the form of .xml files, with one file representing one collision event inside the ATLAS detector. Previous analyses have been conducted on an event-by-event basis, using the Hypatia software package. While this allows for high-quality visualization and effective event analysis, it is highly time-consuming. I propose and implement a piece of software that partially automates this type of analysis by applying filter parameters (cuts) programmatically. It looks for both the e+e- and μ+μ- decay modes. Cuts implemented primarily include transverse momentum: pt \u3e 10 GeV/c for the muon decay mode and pt \u3e 20 GeV/c for the electron decay mode. The program takes as input a directory containing data files and outputs a list of the names of files likely to contain Z (or Z’) boson decays, i.e., lists events that meet filter criteria. Identified events can then be analyzed more quickly using previous methods

E-infrastructures fostering multi-centre collaborative research into the intensive care management of patients with brain injury

Clinical research is becoming ever more collaborative with multi-centre trials now a common practice. With this in mind, never has it been more important to have secure access to data and, in so doing, tackle the challenges of inter-organisational data access and usage. This is especially the case for research conducted within the brain injury domain due to the complicated multi-trauma nature of the disease with its associated complex collation of time-series data of varying resolution and quality. It is now widely accepted that advances in treatment within this group of patients will only be delivered if the technical infrastructures underpinning the collection and validation of multi-centre research data for clinical trials is improved. In recognition of this need, IT-based multi-centre e-Infrastructures such as the Brain Monitoring with Information Technology group (BrainIT - www.brainit.org) and Cooperative Study on Brain Injury Depolarisations (COSBID - www.cosbid.de) have been formed. A serious impediment to the effective implementation of these networks is access to the know-how and experience needed to install, deploy and manage security-oriented middleware systems that provide secure access to distributed hospital based datasets and especially the linkage of these data sets across sites. The recently funded EU framework VII ICT project Advanced Arterial Hypotension Adverse Event prediction through a Novel Bayesian Neural Network (AVERT-IT) is focused upon tackling these challenges. This chapter describes the problems inherent to data collection within the brain injury medical domain, the current IT-based solutions designed to address these problems and how they perform in practice. We outline how the authors have collaborated towards developing Grid solutions to address the major technical issues. Towards this end we describe a prototype solution which ultimately formed the basis for the AVERT-IT project. We describe the design of the underlying Grid infrastructure for AVERT-IT and how it will be used to produce novel approaches to data collection, data validation and clinical trial design is also presented

Toward a new data standard for combined marine biological and environmental datasets - expanding OBIS beyond species occurrences

The Ocean Biogeographic Information System (OBIS) is the world's most comprehensive online, open-access database of marine species distributions. OBIS grows with millions of new species observations every year. Contributions come from a network of hundreds of institutions, projects and individuals with common goals: to build a scientific knowledge base that is open to the public for scientific discovery and exploration and to detect trends and changes that inform society as essential elements in conservation management and sustainable development. Until now, OBIS has focused solely on the collection of biogeographic data (the presence of marine species in space and time) and operated with optimized data flows, quality control procedures and data standards specifically targeted to these data. Based on requirements from the growing OBIS community to manage datasets that combine biological, physical and chemical measurements, the OBIS-ENV-DATA pilot project was launched to develop a proposed standard and guidelines to make sure these combined datasets can stay together and are not, as is often the case, split and sent to different repositories. The proposal in this paper allows for the management of sampling methodology, animal tracking and telemetry data, biological measurements (e.g., body length, percent live cover, ...) as well as environmental measurements such as nutrient concentrations, sediment characteristics or other abiotic parameters measured during sampling to characterize the environment from which biogeographic data was collected. The recommended practice builds on the Darwin Core Archive (DwC-A) standard and on practices adopted by the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF). It consists of a DwC Event Core in combination with a DwC Occurrence Extension and a proposed enhancement to the DwC MeasurementOrFact Extension. This new structure enables the linkage of measurements or facts - quantitative and qualitative properties - to both sampling events and species occurrences, and includes additional fields for property standardization. We also embrace the use of the new parentEventID DwC term, which enables the creation of a sampling event hierarchy. We believe that the adoption of this recommended practice as a new data standard for managing and sharing biological and associated environmental datasets by IODE and the wider international scientific community would be key to improving the effectiveness of the knowledge base, and will enhance integration and management of critical data needed to understand ecological and biological processes in the ocean, and on land.Fil: De Pooter, Daphnis. Flanders Marine Institute; BélgicaFil: Appeltans, Ward. UNESCO-IOC; BélgicaFil: Bailly, Nicolas. Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, MedOBIS; GreciaFil: Bristol, Sky. United States Geological Survey; Estados UnidosFil: Deneudt, Klaas. Flanders Marine Institute; BélgicaFil: Eliezer, Menashè. Istituto Nazionale di Oceanografia e di Geofisica Sperimentale; ItaliaFil: Fujioka, Ei. University Of Duke. Nicholas School Of Environment. Duke Marine Lab; Estados UnidosFil: Giorgetti, Alessandra. Istituto Nazionale di Oceanografia e di Geofisica Sperimentale; ItaliaFil: Goldstein, Philip. University of Colorado Museum of Natural History, OBIS; Estados UnidosFil: Lewis, Mirtha Noemi. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Centro Nacional Patagónico. Centro para el Estudio de Sistemas Marinos; ArgentinaFil: Lipizer, Marina. Istituto Nazionale di Oceanografia e di Geofisica Sperimentale; ItaliaFil: Mackay, Kevin. National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research; Nueva ZelandaFil: Marin, Maria Rosa. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Centro Nacional Patagónico; ArgentinaFil: Moncoiffé, Gwenaëlle. British Oceanographic Data Center; Reino UnidoFil: Nikolopoulou, Stamatina. Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, MedOBIS; GreciaFil: Provoost, Pieter. UNESCO-IOC; BélgicaFil: Rauch, Shannon. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution; Estados UnidosFil: Roubicek, Andres. CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere; AustraliaFil: Torres, Carlos. Universidad Autonoma de Baja California Sur; MéxicoFil: van de Putte, Anton. Royal Belgian Institute for Natural Sciences; BélgicaFil: Vandepitte, Leen. Flanders Marine Institute; BélgicaFil: Vanhoorne, Bart. Flanders Marine Institute; BélgicaFil: Vinci, Mateo. Istituto Nazionale di Oceanografia e di Geofisica Sperimentale; ItaliaFil: Wambiji, Nina. Kenya Marine and Fisheries Research Institute; KeniaFil: Watts, David. CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere; AustraliaFil: Klein Salas, Eduardo. Universidad Simon Bolivar; VenezuelaFil: Hernandez, Francisco. Flanders Marine Institute; Bélgic

Accounting for the three-dimensional distribution of Escherichia coli concentrations in pond water in simulations of the microbial quality of water withdrawn for irrigation

Evaluating the microbial quality of irrigation water is essential for the prevention of foodborne illnesses. Generic Escherichia coli (E. coli) is used as an indicator organism to estimate the microbial quality of irrigation water. Monitoring E. coli concentrations in irrigation water sources is commonly performed using water samples taken from a single depth. Vertical gradients of E. coli concentrations are typically not measured or are ignored; however, E. coli concentrations in water bodies can be expected to have horizontal and vertical gradients. The objective of this work was to research 3D distributions of E. coli concentrations in an irrigation pond in Maryland and to estimate the dynamics of E. coli concentrations at the water intake during the irrigation event using hydrodynamic modeling in silico. The study pond is about 22 m wide and 200 m long, with an average depth of 1.5 m. Three transects sampled at 50-cm depth intervals, along with intensive nearshore sampling, were used to develop the initial concentration distribution for the application of the environmental fluid dynamic code (EFDC) model. An eight-hour irrigation event was simulated using on-site data on the wind speed and direction. Substantial vertical and horizontal variations in E. coli concentrations translated into temporally varying concentrations at the intake. Additional simulations showed that the E. coli concentrations at the intake reflect the 3D distribution of E. coli in the limited pond section close to the intake. The 3D sampling revealed E. coli concentration hot spots at different depths across the pond. Measured and simulated 3D E. coli concentrations provide improved insights into the expected microbial water quality of irrigation water compared with 1D or 2D representations of the spatial variability of the indicator concentration

Status and Problems of Adverse Event Reporting Systems in Korean Hospitals

Objectives: This study identifies the current status and problems of adverse event reporting system in Korean hospitals. Thedata obtained from this study will be used to raise international awareness and enable collaborative researches on patientsafety. Methods: We distributed the questionnaire developed by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ),USA to the 265 risk managers of hospitals by e-mail. Seventy-two percent of the risk managers responded to the inquiry.Results: Eighty-five percent of the hospitals responded that they collect information regarding the event where harm hasoccurred or might have occurred to a patient. Seventy-five percent of the hospitals did not allow individuals to report occurrenceswithout identifying themselves. Only 54% of the hospitals had an organized patient safety program that manages orcoordinates all of the hospitals patient safety activities. The most frequent reason why errors were not reported was the fearof individuals being involved in the investigation and potential disadvantage resulting from it. Eighty-five percent of the hospitalsproduced reports of their adverse event data, but 68% of the hospitals did not distribute occurrence reports within thehospital. Conclusions: Lack of standardized reporting system, available information, procedures for protecting the reportingindividuals, and mindlessness/indifference of the hospital employees are identified as the major problems. Therefore, it iscrucial to address these problems to develop appropriate solutions, enable proactive involvement from the healthcare community,and change the overall patient safety culture, specifically protecting privacy, to increase the quality of service in thehealthcare industry.OAIID:oai:osos.snu.ac.kr:snu2010-01/102/0000028528/2SEQ:2PERF_CD:SNU2010-01EVAL_ITEM_CD:102USER_ID:0000028528ADJUST_YN:YEMP_ID:A076124DEPT_CD:811FILENAME:34 Status and Problems of Adverse Event Reporting Systems in Korean Hospitals.pdfDEPT_NM:간호학과EMAIL:[email protected]_YN:NCONFIRM:

A consensus-based template for documenting and reporting in physician-staffed pre-hospital services

Background: Physician-staffed pre-hospital units are employed in many Western emergency medical services (EMS) systems. Although these services usually integrate well within their EMS, little is known about the quality of care delivered, the precision of dispatch, and whether the services deliver a higher quality of care to pre-hospital patients. There is no common data set collected to document the activity of physician pre-hospital activity which makes shared research efforts difficult. The aim of this study was to develop a core data set for routine documentation and reporting in physician-staffed pre-hospital services in Europe. Methods: Using predefined criteria, we recruited sixteen European experts in the field of pre-hospital care. These experts were guided through a four-step modified nominal group technique. The process was carried out using both e-mail-based communication and a plenary meeting in Stavanger, Norway. Results: The core data set was divided into 5 sections: “fixed system variables”, “event operational descriptors”, “ patient descriptors”, “process mapping”, and “outcome measures and quality indicators”. After the initial round, a total of 361 variables were proposed by the experts. Subsequent rounds reduced the number of core variables to 45. These constituted the final core data set. Emphasis was placed on the standardisation of reporting time variables, chief complaints and diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. Conclusions: Using a modified nominal group technique, we have established a core data set for documenting and reporting in physician-staffed pre-hospital services. We believe that this template could facilitate future studies within the field and facilitate standardised reporting and future shared research efforts in advanced prehospital care.publishedVersio

A Case Study in Macao

Funding Information: This research was funded by Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia, I.P., Portugal, grant number UID/AMB/04085/2020, and the APC was funded by CENSE. Funding Information: The work developed was supported by The Macao Meteorological and Geophysical Bureau (SMG). Publisher Copyright: © 2022 by the authors.Despite the levels of air pollution in Macao continuing to improve over recent years, there are still days with high-pollution episodes that cause great health concerns to the local community. Therefore, it is very important to accurately forecast air quality in Macao. Machine learning methods such as random forest (RF), gradient boosting (GB), support vector regression (SVR), and multiple linear regression (MLR) were applied to predict the levels of particulate matter (PM10 and PM2.5) concentrations in Macao. The forecast models were built and trained using the meteorological and air quality data from 2013 to 2018, and the air quality data from 2019 to 2021 were used for validation. Our results show that there is no significant difference between the performance of the four methods in predicting the air quality data for 2019 (before the COVID-19 pandemic) and 2021 (the new normal period). However, RF performed significantly better than the other methods for 2020 (amid the pandemic) with a higher coefficient of determination (R2) and lower RMSE, MAE, and BIAS. The reduced performance of the statistical MLR and other ML models was presumably due to the unprecedented low levels of PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations in 2020. Therefore, this study suggests that RF is the most reliable prediction method for pollutant concentrations, especially in the event of drastic air quality changes due to unexpected circumstances, such as a lockdown caused by a widespread infectious disease.publishersversionpublishe

Possible roles, positions, factors and components of dairying in organic farming – a rewiev, mapping, survey and comparison in the Czech Republic

The full-value experiment is questionable in evaluation organic dairying. It is problem to do a trial under comparable conditions for comparison of organic and conventional farming because of legislative reasons and necessity of long period of such event. Most of comparisons are carried out as practice descriptive observations and any of them has been carried out about milk production. That is main reason, why the aim of this work is to carry out a opening of monitoring of some production conditions and results of bio-dairying in the Czech Republic (CR). The quality aspects of sources, procedures and products are main topics of solution of projects about organic farming philosophy, in particular in solution of organic dairy foodstuff chain. There were choosen twelve organic dairy farms (survey II, 2006) for more detail research of production conditions according to results of exploratory questionnaire (2006, survey I, n = 85 pieces of questionnaire and 58 organic farms, which practicise dairying) in the CR. The climatology characteristics of selected organic dairy farms were as follows: (I) 562±149 m above sea level on the average (from 270 to 970 m a. s. l.); (II) 571.0±69.9 m above sea level, mean year temperature 6.0±1.1 ºC and average year rainfall sum 843.0±184.3 mm. It is clear according to previously mentioned figures that the organic (ecology) dairy farming is realized mostly in the mountain or sub-mountain areas (less favourable areas, LFAs) as compared to climatic conditions of CR mean profile. The results of investigation of organic farm (E) and breeder conditions and dairy cow health state, reproduction performance and milk quality in organic farms (I data file) as compared to conventional dairy cow herds (K) were: milk yield (E) was 14.2±3.4 kg of milk/cow/day on average and 5165±1112 kg/cow/year; E farms have 50 % free stables, some of them as different untraditional modifications (mostly in herds with low number of dairy cows); it is necessary to increase this amount for welfare improvement in the future; there are 52 % of binding stables in K herds; there (E) is high occurrence frequency of can milking equipments (46.4 %); there are 5.4 % cases of hand milking, 21.4 % of pipeline milking equipments and 26.8 % of milking parlours; there (K) are 3 % of can milking equipments, 50 % of pipeline milking equipments and 47 % of milking parlours; the average organic herd has 60±91 heads it means about 1/3 of K herd in the CR; geometrical average (xg) of organic herd size is 17 heads; daily milk deliveries were 1318±1475 kg in summer and 976±1368 kg in winter season (there is too high variability in the mentioned indicators); breed structure of E herds is 59.8 % of Bohemian Spotted cattle, 18.8 % of Holstein (H), 12.5 % of Jersey breed; H breed is dominating 47.5 % in K herds; average ratio of excluded milk (for secretion disorders or treatment) is 2.99 % in E herds and 4.6 % in K herds (P<0.01); also there (E) is lower occurrence of clinical mastitis 0.53±1.97 %; service period is 124.3 days in K and 98.7±46,1 days in E herds on average (P<0.01); there (E) is better insemination index 1.66±0.45 in comparison to K herds 2.07 (P<0.01); there is longer longevity as duration of production life of dairy cows in E herds (6.02 lactations, „about 141 % better”) in comparison to K herds (2.50 lactations, P<0.01); milk quality showed the average total mesophilic bacteria count (CPM) 36.0±26.8 ths. CFU/ml in organic farms (E), which is comparable to the conventional farms (K); somatic cell count (PSB) was 192±87 ths./ml in E herds and 256 ths./ml in K herds, which is in connection with the lower ratio of milk exclusion from delivery in E herds; an occurrence of residues of inhibitory substances (RIL) was not reported in E herds, which is more advantageous in comparison to the K herds (0.16 %) and it could be an impact of lowered antibiotica drug use; the average fat and lactose contents (T; 4.05±0.19 %) and (L; 4.83±0.15 %) are well comparable with K farms and the results show on higher energy deficiency in E herd nutrition. The water quality (II) is necessary in dairying as well. Drinking water is necessary for health of animals (their watering) and for milk quality (milking equipment sanitation) as well. Drinking water is asked in dairy farms by legislation. The E farm water quality: the nitrate level varied in the range from 1.63 to 28 mg/l with average 10.5 mg/l in ecological farms and standard limit 50 mg/l was not exceeded; the levels of nitrite and ammonia ions were mostly under detection limit of method; legislative limit <0.5 mg/l was not exceeded by nitrite and once by ammonia ions 0.81 mg/l. The microbiological indicators are more sensitive of course. In total the limits were exceeded 7× u in coliform bacteria, 3× in streptococci and Escherichia coli was confirmed 3× (in comparison to demand 0). Therefore it is necessary to take care of incidental water source sanitation. The effect of origin of water source (communal water pipes or own well in the organic farm area) which was used in the organic farming (II) was: the more marked result differences were not observed between own wells (S) and communal water supply (V) in E farms; an exception was stated in insignificantly better results of hygienic indicators of communal supply; therefore it is necessary to put the higher importance on sanitation of own water sources. There were identified eight own wells and four communal supply. E. g. nitrate levels were a little higher for wells 11.7 > 8.2 mg/l. The nitrites were not different. Chemical oxygen consumption was 0.45 and 0.52 mg/l. The more expressive differences were identified in chlorides, sulphates and Mg: 8.33 and 3.02 mg/l; 27.9 and 16.8 mg/l; 18.9 and 3.5 mg/l

STUDI DESKRIPTIF PELATIHAN E-GOVERNMENT MENGENAI TATA KELOLA WEB DALAM MEWUJUDKAN MUTU LAYANAN PUBLIK DI (DISKOMINFO) DINAS KOMUNIKASI DAN INFORMASI JAWA BARAT

E-Government merupakan penggunaan teknologi informasi yang dapat meningkatkan hubungan antara Pemerintah dan pihak-pihak lain, khususnya di Dinas Komunikasi dan Informasi Jawa Barat dengan pihak-pihak lain dalam menyelenggarakan suatu event atau suatu kerja sama yang saling menguntungkan kedua belah pihak. Di pihak lain yaitu masyarakat, dapat mendapatkan informasi yang diinginkan dengan masuk ke website : jabarprov.go.id. Pemerintah saat ini berupaya mengembangkan e-Government di lingkungan instansional Pemerintah. Latar belakang yang berbeda-beda menjadikan tugas aparatur untuk men-design, mengembangkan, serta mengelola web tidak sepenuhnya dilakukan oleh aparatur instansi. Pemanfaatan teknologi informasi dalam menjalankan program e-Government , khususnya pada penggunaan media internet (website), dapat meningkatkan mutu layanan publik, dan menjalin mitra dengan pihak lain. Program e-Government di instansi Pemerintah, khususnya Jawa Barat, membutuhkan aparatur yang dapat menciptakan bentuk-bentuk hubungan baru, yaitu (G2C) Government to Citizen, (G2B) Government to Bussiness Enterprises, (G2G) Government to Government. Pelatihan e-Government mengenai tata kelola web yang diselenggarakan DISKOMINFO untuk menciptakan Aparatur yang berkompeten dalam pengelolaan website instansi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk 1) mengetahui mekanisme perencanaan pelatihan e-Goverment mengenai tata kelola web di DISKOMINFO Provinsi Jawa Barat. 2) mengetahui mekanisme pelaksanan pelatihan e-Goverment mengenai tata kelola web di DISKOMINFO Provinsi Jawa Barat. 3) mengetahui hasil pelatihan e-Government mengenai tata kelola web di DISKOMINFO Provinsi Jawa Barat 4) mengetahui manfaat pelatihan e-Government mengenai tata kelola web di DISKOMINFO Provinsi Jawa Barat. Penelitian ini menggunakan konsep Pendidikan Luar Sekolah, Konsep pelatihan e-Government, Konsep dasar mutu layanan publik. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode penelitian deskriptif dengan pendekatan Kualitatif. Adapun teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah observasi, wawancara, dan studi dokumentasi. Jumlah subjek penelitian sebanyak 3 orang, yaitu, penyelenggara pelatihan, pemateri/instruktur, dan peserta pelatihan. yang ada Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Dinas Komunikasi dan Informasi (DISKOMINFO) Provinsi Jawa Barat. Hasil penelitian diperoleh data mengenai 1) perencanaan pelatihan e-Goverment mengenai tata kelola web yang diselenggarakan DISKOMINFO Provinsi Jawa Barat sesuai dengan tahapan-tahapan perencanaan yang baik, dalam identifikasi kebutuhan pelatihan, perumusan tujuan pelatihan, pemilihan sumber belajar, penentuan sasaran, penyusunan materi pelajaran, penggunaan metode diklat, dan penentuan jadwal dan waktu penyelenggaraan pelatihan yang akan diselenggarakan. 2) pelaksanaan pelatihan e-Goverment mengenai tata kelola web yang diselenggarakan DISKOMINFO Provinsi Jawa Barat sesuai dengan strategi pembelajaran yang baik 3) Hasil pelatihan e-Goverment mengenai tata kelola web yang diselenggarakan DISKOMINFO Provinsi Jawa Barat, yaitu adanya peningkatan pengetahuan dan keterampilan (peserta), tidak seluruh website instansi mengalami perubahan status menjadi update (instansi) 4) manfaat dari penyelenggarakan pelatihan mengenai tata kelola web dalam mewujudkan mutu layanan publik adalah terbentuknya hubungan baru yang lebih efisien, efektif, serta transparan. ---------- E-Government is the use of information technology can improve the relationship between the Government and other parties, spesifically in the Department of Communication and Information in West Java with the other parties in organizing an event or a partnership that is mutually beneficial for both parties. On the other side, namely the public comunnity, can obtain the desired information by accessing to the website: jabarprov.go.id. The government is currently in progress to develop e-Government in the Government institutional environment. Differences in educational makes the task of employess for design, develop, and manage web is not completely done by employees of department. Use of information technology in implementing e-Government program, specifically in the use of internet media (website), can improve the quality of public services, and establish partnership with other parties. E-Government programs in government services, specifically in West Java, requires employees which can create new forms of relationship, namely (G2C) Government to Citizen, (G2B) Government to Business Enterprises, (G2G) Government to Government. E-Government training on web governance was organized by DISKOMINFO for creating competent employees in the management of the Government website. This research aims to 1) determine the mechanism of e-Government training plan on the website governance in DISKOMINFO of West Java Province. 2) determine the mechanism of implementation of e-Government training on website governance in DISKOMINFO West Java Province. 3) determine the results of the e-Government training on website governance in DISKOMINFO West Java Province 4) determine the advantages of e-Government training on website governance in DISKOMINFO West Java Province. This research using the concept of Nonformal Education, Concept of e-Government Training, Concept of Quality of Public Services. The method used in this research is research descriptive method with qualitative approach. The data collection techniques used were observation, interviews, and documentation. The number of research subjects were 3 people, namely, training organizers, mentor/Instructors and trainees. This research was implemented in the Department of Communication and Information (DISKOMINFO) West Java Province. The results of this research are obtained 1) e-Government training plan on website governance organized by DISKOMINFO West Java province in accordance with the stages of planning, the identification of training needs, formulation training goals, selection of mentor/instructor, determine trainees, preparation of training resources, the use of methods in training, and the determine the schedule of training will be held. 2) implementation of e-Government training on website governance organized by DISKOMINFO West Java province in accordance with good teaching strategy.3) The results of the e-Government training on website governance organized by DISKOMINFO West Java Province, which is an increase of knowledge and skills (participants), and does not all of website Government changed status to update (government services). 4) advantages from training on the website governance in realizing the quality of public services has been formed a new relationship that is more efficient, effective, and transparent