A survey of self organisation in future cellular networks

This article surveys the literature over the period of the last decade on the emerging field of self organisation as applied to wireless cellular communication networks. Self organisation has been extensively studied and applied in adhoc networks, wireless sensor networks and autonomic computer networks; however in the context of wireless cellular networks, this is the first attempt to put in perspective the various efforts in form of a tutorial/survey. We provide a comprehensive survey of the existing literature, projects and standards in self organising cellular networks. Additionally, we also aim to present a clear understanding of this active research area, identifying a clear taxonomy and guidelines for design of self organising mechanisms. We compare strength and weakness of existing solutions and highlight the key research areas for further development. This paper serves as a guide and a starting point for anyone willing to delve into research on self organisation in wireless cellular communication networks

Swarm Intelligence-Optimized Energy Management for Prolonging the Lifetime of Wireless Sensor Networks

 Recent technological and industrial progress has enabled the development of small, high-performing, energy-saving, affordable sensor nodes that possess the potential to adapt, be self-aware, and self-organize. These nodes are designed for versatile communications applications. Sensor networks for sustainable development focus on the ways in which sensor network technology can enhance social development and improve living standards without causing harm to the environment or depleting natural resources. Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) offer undeniable benefits in various fields, including the military, healthcare, traffic monitoring, and remote image sensing. Given the constraints of sensor networks, varying degrees of security are necessary for these critical applications, posing difficulties in the implementation of conventional algorithms. The issue of security has emerged as a primary concern in the context of IoT and smart city applications. Sensor networks are often regarded as the fundamental building blocks of IoTs and smart cities. The WSN encompasses a routing algorithm, network strength, packet loss, energy loss, and various other intricate considerations. The WSN also addresses intricate matters such as energy usage, a proficient approach for picking cluster heads, and various other concerns. The recent growth of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) has made it increasingly difficult to ensure the trustworthiness and reliability of data due to the distinct features and limitations of nodes. Hostile nodes can easily damage the integrity of the network by inserting fake and malicious data, as well as launching internal attacks. Trust-based security is employed to detect and identify rogue nodes, providing a robust and adaptable protection mechanism. Trust evaluation models are crucial security-enhancement mechanisms that enhance the reliability and collaboration of sensor nodes in wireless sensor networks. This study recommends the use of DFA UTrust, a unique trust technique, to effectively satisfy the security requirements of WSNs