Stroke Based Painterly Rendering

International audienceMany traditional art forms are produced by an artist sequentially placing a set of marks, such as brush strokes, on a canvas. Stroke based Rendering (SBR) is inspired by this process, and underpins many early and contemporary Artistic Stylization algorithms. This Chapter outlines the origins of SBR, and describes key algorithms for placement of brush strokes to create painterly renderings from source images. The chapter explores both local greedy, and global optimization based approaches to stroke placement. The issue of creative control in SBR is also briefly discussed

Impressionist Rendering of an Animated Painting

The following thesis documents the development of a non-traditional rendering technique, that of classic impressionist painting, and its use to create an animated three-dimensional painting. Impressionist style painting has an organic feel to it, with brush strokes that remain visible in the dried paint and a light, lively color palette that seeks to capture the light in an image. Reproducing this style in a computer-generated image is no small task. For this project a CG paint method was developed, utilizing Maya Paint Effects and particles. This method was implemented with a script, saving time by automating the process as much as possible. This project was implemented by a group of graduate students. Before settling on the above described solution, many alternative methods were researched and tested. The use of Maya Paint Effects and particles was proven an effective choice for this project because it produced the visual effects desired in a manner that was fairly easily handled by the available equipment. The particle script has been used successfully through three iterations of this project, each time bringing it closer to the original vision

Automatic painting with economized strokes

Journal ArticleWe present a method that takes a raster image as input and produces a painting-like image composed of strokes rather than pixels. Unlike previous automatic painting methods, we attempt to use very few brush-strokes. This is accomplished by first segmenting the image into features, finding the medial axes points of these features, converting the medial axes points into ordered lists of image tokens, and finally rendering these lists as brush strokes. Our process creates images reminiscent of modern realist painters who often want an abstract or sketchy quality in their work

A Van Gogh inspired 3D Shader Methodology

This study develops an approach to developing surface shading for computer-generated 3D head models that adapts aesthetics from the post-impressionist portrait painting style of Vincent Van Gogh. This research is an attempt to reconcile a 2D expressionist style of painting and 3D digital computer generated imagery. The focus of this research is on developing a surface shading methodology for creating 3D impasto painterly renderings informed by Van Gogh’s self-portrait paintings. Visual analysis of several of Van Gogh’s self-portraits reveal the characteristics of his overall rendering style that are essential in designing methods for shading and texturing 3D head models. A method for shading is proposed using existing surfacing and rendering tools to create 3D digital heads rendered in Van Gogh’s style. The designed shading methodology describes procedures that generate brushstroke patterns. User controls for brushstroke profile, size, color and direction are provided to allow variations in the brushstroke patterns. These patterns are used to define thick oil paint surface properties for 3D digital models. A discussion of the range of results achieved using the designed shading methodology reveal the variations in the rendering style that can be achieved, which reflects a wide range of expressive 3D portrait rendering styles. Therefore, this study is useful in understanding Van Gogh’s expressive portrait painting style and in applying the essence of his work to synthesized 3D portraits

Artistic vision: painterly rendering using computer vision techniques

Journal ArticleWe present a method that takes a raster image as input and produces a painting-like image composed of strokes rather than pixels. Unlike previous automatic painting methods, we attempt to keep the number of brush-stroke small. This is accomplished by first segmenting the image into features, finding the medial axes points of these features, converting the medial axes points into ordered lists of image tokens, and finally rendering these lists as brush strokes. Our process creates images reminiscent of modern realist painters who often want an abstract or sketchy quality in their work

The material image: Artists’ approaches to reproducing texture in art

Since the introduction of computers, there has been a desire to improve the appearance of computer-generated objects in virtual spaces and to display the objects within complex scenes exactly as they appear in reality. This is a straightforward process for artists who through the medium of paint or silver halide are able to directly observe from nature and interpret and capture the world in a highly convincing way. However for computer generated images, the process is more complex, computers have no capability to compare whether the rendering looks right or wrong—only humans can make the final subjective decision. The evolving question is: what are the elements of paintings and drawings produced by artists that capture the qualities, texture, grain, reflection, translucency and absorption of a material, that through the application of coloured brush marks, demonstrate a convincing likeness of the material qualities of e.g.wood, metal, glass and fabric? This paper considers the relationship between texture, objects and artists’ approaches to reproducing texture in art. However texture is problematic as our visual system is able to discriminate the difference between natural and patterned texture, and incorrectly rendered surfaces can hinder understanding. Furthermore to render surfaces with no discernible pattern structure that comprises unlimited variations can result, as demonstrated by the computer generated rendering, in exceptionally large file sizes. The paper explores the relationship between imaging, artists’ approaches to reproducing representations of the attributes of material qualities, the fluid dynamics of a painterly mark, and 2.5D relief in printing. The objective is not to reproduce existing paintings or prints, but to build the surface using a deposition of pigments, paints and inks that explores the relationship between image and surface

Jean-Luc Godard and Roy Lichtenstein: Originality, Reflexivity, and the Re-Presented Image

Jean-Luc Godard's incorporation of paintings, comic strip images, and print advertisements in two of his seminal 1960's 'collage' films, Pierrot le fou (1965) and 2 ou 3 choses que je sais d'elle (Two or Three Things I Know About Her, 1967), prompts a number of intriguing questions concerning the re-presentation and re-contextualization of pre-existing (in this case, mechanically reproduced) images in film and the plastic arts.

Panoramic Still-Lifes: Art, Perception, and Being in the Works of Virginia Woolf

This project is an interdisciplinary study of Virginia Woolf’s artistic representation of perception in her writing and in particular in her early short story prose experiments, her posthumously published memoir, and three of her major novels. I use a phenomenological framework, drawing primarily from the ideas of Maurice Merleau-Ponty, to identify Woolf’s philosophical aesthetic, and to trace how she presents in her fiction an immersive and intersubjective form of realism through vivid descriptions of the object world. The first part of the project analyzes Woolf’s stylistic aims within the context of Post-Impressionism, examining, through interpretive comparisons between visual art and literature, how her approaches and artistic sensibilities aligned with those of Bloomsbury Group members, most notably, the art critic Roger Fry and her sister, Vanessa Bell, a distinguished avant-garde painter. The second part of the study engages in close readings of three of Woolf’s novels — Jacob’s Room, Mrs. Dalloway, and The Years — to reveal how Woolf’s understanding of time, perception, and embodiment prefigures and engages with early to mid-twentieth century phenomenological and materialist trends of thought in its articulation of the intervening spaces and interactions between humans and the object world