Hybrid chaotic map with L-shaped fractal Tromino for image encryption and decryption

Insecure communication in digital image security and image storing are considered as important challenges. Moreover, the existing approaches face problems related to improper security at the time of image encryption and decryption. In this research work, a wavelet environment is obtained by transforming the cover image utilizing integer wavelet transform (IWT) and hybrid discrete cosine transform (DCT) to completely prevent false errors. Then the proposed hybrid chaotic map with L-shaped fractal Tromino offers better security to maintain image secrecy by means of encryption and decryption. The proposed work uses fractal encryption with the combination of L-shaped Tromino theorem for enhancement of information hiding. The regions of L-shaped fractal Tromino are sensitive to variations, thus are embedded in the watermark based on a visual watermarking technique known as reversible watermarking. The experimental results showed that the proposed method obtained peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) value of 56.82dB which is comparatively higher than the existing methods that are, Beddington, free, and Lawton (BFL) map with PSNR value of 8.10 dB, permutation substitution, and Boolean operation with PSNR value of 21.19 dB and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) level permutation-based logistic map with PSNR value of 21.27 dB

Robust digital image watermarking algorithms for copyright protection

Digital watermarking has been proposed as a solution to the problem of resolving copyright ownership of multimedia data (image, audio, video). The work presented in this thesis is concerned with the design of robust digital image watermarking algorithms for copyright protection. Firstly, an overview of the watermarking system, applications of watermarks as well as the survey of current watermarking algorithms and attacks, are given. Further, the implementation of feature point detectors in the field of watermarking is introduced. A new class of scale invariant feature point detectors is investigated and it is showed that they have excellent performances required for watermarking. The robustness of the watermark on geometrical distortions is very important issue in watermarking. In order to detect the parameters of undergone affine transformation, we propose an image registration technique which is based on use of the scale invariant feature point detector. Another proposed technique for watermark synchronization is also based on use of scale invariant feature point detector. This technique does not use the original image to determine the parameters of affine transformation which include rotation and scaling. It is experimentally confirmed that this technique gives excellent results under tested geometrical distortions. In the thesis, two different watermarking algorithms are proposed in the wavelet domain. The first algorithm belongs to the class of additive watermarking algorithms which requires the presence of original image for watermark detection. Using this algorithm the influence of different error correction codes on the watermark robustness is investigated. The second algorithm does not require the original image for watermark detection. The robustness of this algorithm is tested on various filtering and compression attacks. This algorithm is successfully combined with the aforementioned synchronization technique in order to achieve the robustness on geometrical attacks. The last watermarking algorithm presented in the thesis is developed in complex wavelet domain. The complex wavelet transform is described and its advantages over the conventional discrete wavelet transform are highlighted. The robustness of the proposed algorithm was tested on different class of attacks. Finally, in the thesis the conclusion is given and the main future research directions are suggested

OR-Benchmark: An Open and Reconfigurable Digital Watermarking Benchmarking Framework

Benchmarking digital watermarking algorithms is not an easy task because different applications of digital watermarking often have very different sets of requirements and trade-offs between conflicting requirements. While there have been some general-purpose digital watermarking benchmarking systems available, they normally do not support complicated benchmarking tasks and cannot be easily reconfigured to work with different watermarking algorithms and testing conditions. In this paper, we propose OR-Benchmark, an open and highly reconfigurable general-purpose digital watermarking benchmarking framework, which has the following two key features: 1) all the interfaces are public and general enough to support all watermarking applications and benchmarking tasks we can think of; 2) end users can easily extend the functionalities and freely configure what watermarking algorithms are tested, what system components are used, how the benchmarking process runs, and what results should be produced. We implemented a prototype of this framework as a MATLAB software package and demonstrate how it can be used in three typical use cases. The first two use cases show how easily we can define benchmarking profiles for some robust image watermarking algorithms. The third use case shows how OR-Benchmark can be configured to benchmark some image watermarking algorithms for content authentication and self-restoration, which cannot be easily supported by other digital watermarking benchmarking systems

Combating rotation, dilation and translation in digital watermarking.

by Yeung Siu Wai.Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2000.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 59-[62]).Abstracts in English and Chinese.Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1Chapter 2 --- Background --- p.4Chapter 2.1 --- Properties of a digital watermarking system --- p.5Chapter 2.2 --- Digital watermarking in still images: Spatial-domain vs Frequency- domain --- p.7Chapter 2.3 --- Capacity in digital watermarking --- p.8Chapter 3 --- A watermarking system --- p.10Chapter 3.1 --- Implementation of a watermarking system --- p.10Chapter 3.1.1 --- Embedding watermark --- p.11Chapter 3.1.2 --- Detecting watermark --- p.14Chapter 3.2 --- Robustness testing on the watermarking system --- p.18Chapter 3.3 --- Geometric attacks to the watermark system --- p.18Chapter 3.3.1 --- "The three distortions: Translation, Dilation and Rotation" --- p.19Chapter 3.3.2 --- The commutative property of rotation and dilation --- p.25Chapter 3.3.3 --- Implementation of geometric transform --- p.25Chapter 4 --- General Defense on Geometric Distortions --- p.28Chapter 4.1 --- Special designed watermark --- p.29Chapter 4.1.1 --- Ring-shaped watermark --- p.29Chapter 4.1.2 --- Phase Taylor invariance --- p.30Chapter 4.1.3 --- "Rotation, dilation and translation invariant watermark" --- p.31Chapter 4.2 --- Distortion detection --- p.34Chapter 4.2.1 --- Brute-force method --- p.35Chapter 4.2.2 --- Interactive method --- p.37Chapter 5 --- Specific Defense in Geometric Distortions - Phase angle com- parison --- p.43Chapter 5.1 --- Translation Detection --- p.44Chapter 5.2 --- Dilation Detection --- p.46Chapter 5.3 --- Rotation Detection --- p.49Chapter 6 --- Further work --- p.54Chapter 6.1 --- Large scale distortion detection --- p.54Chapter 6.2 --- Mixed geometric distortions --- p.55Chapter 7 --- Conclusion --- p.57Bibliography --- p.5

Discrete Wavelet Transforms

The discrete wavelet transform (DWT) algorithms have a firm position in processing of signals in several areas of research and industry. As DWT provides both octave-scale frequency and spatial timing of the analyzed signal, it is constantly used to solve and treat more and more advanced problems. The present book: Discrete Wavelet Transforms: Algorithms and Applications reviews the recent progress in discrete wavelet transform algorithms and applications. The book covers a wide range of methods (e.g. lifting, shift invariance, multi-scale analysis) for constructing DWTs. The book chapters are organized into four major parts. Part I describes the progress in hardware implementations of the DWT algorithms. Applications include multitone modulation for ADSL and equalization techniques, a scalable architecture for FPGA-implementation, lifting based algorithm for VLSI implementation, comparison between DWT and FFT based OFDM and modified SPIHT codec. Part II addresses image processing algorithms such as multiresolution approach for edge detection, low bit rate image compression, low complexity implementation of CQF wavelets and compression of multi-component images. Part III focuses watermaking DWT algorithms. Finally, Part IV describes shift invariant DWTs, DC lossless property, DWT based analysis and estimation of colored noise and an application of the wavelet Galerkin method. The chapters of the present book consist of both tutorial and highly advanced material. Therefore, the book is intended to be a reference text for graduate students and researchers to obtain state-of-the-art knowledge on specific applications

TechNews digests: Jan - Nov 2009

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Cyber Security

This open access book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 17th International Annual Conference on Cyber Security, CNCERT 2021, held in Beijing, China, in AJuly 2021. The 14 papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 51 submissions. The papers are organized according to the following topical sections: ​data security; privacy protection; anomaly detection; traffic analysis; social network security; vulnerability detection; text classification

A Hardware Security Solution against Scan-Based Attacks

Scan based Design for Test (DfT) schemes have been widely used to achieve high fault coverage for integrated circuits. The scan technique provides full access to the internal nodes of the device-under-test to control them or observe their response to input test vectors. While such comprehensive access is highly desirable for testing, it is not acceptable for secure chips as it is subject to exploitation by various attacks. In this work, new methods are presented to protect the security of critical information against scan-based attacks. In the proposed methods, access to the circuit containing secret information via the scan chain has been severely limited in order to reduce the risk of a security breach. To ensure the testability of the circuit, a built-in self-test which utilizes an LFSR as the test pattern generator (TPG) is proposed. The proposed schemes can be used as a countermeasure against side channel attacks with a low area overhead as compared to the existing solutions in literature