A análise do PT2020 SI inovação produtiva nas empresas: diagnóstico e propostas de melhoria

Dissertação de mestrado em Economia Industrial e da EmpresaA inovação e o desempenho das empresas têm-se tornado evidentes e constituem um tema com relevância a nível académico e também a nível empresarial. Dadas as falhas de mercado e o cenário económico, ao longo de vários anos têm sido implementados programas públicos com a finalidade de uma melhor orientação para a implementação da inovação pelo tecido empresarial, tanta a nível nacional como a nível europeu. Contudo, os estudos existentes sobre a perceção destes programas e a sua eficácia têm vindo a ser medida em termos quantitativos, por exemplo mediante o valor do incentivo pago, pelo que a analise em termos reais necessita de investigação adicional. É objetivo desta investigação o estudo do Impacto do Sistema de Incentivos Inovação Produtiva, que pertence ao quadro comunitário Portugal 2020, nas empresas e particularmente aferir qual é a perceção dos seus efeitos na inovação empresarial e quais os aspetos considerados críticos que podem ser melhorados em programas do mesmo género no futuro. Com a finalidade de aproximar esta temática ao tecido empresarial que concorre a este sistema de incentivos, foi conduzido um estudo qualitativo com base em seis entrevistas às empresas e mais duas entrevistas a quadros do IAPMEI responsáveis pela gestão e execução dos incentivos às empresas. Os resultados possibilitam aferir que o incentivo teve um impacto positivo em todas as empresas entrevistadas, na medida em que conseguiram inovar mais cedo do que caso não tivessem executado o projeto ou possibilitou mesmo a inovação integral no sentido em que se não tivessem beneficiado do incentivo não conseguiriam levar acabo os projetos de inovação. Foi também possível identificar um conjunto de pontos críticos que, através da perceção das empresas retiradas do decorrer da execução física e financeira dos projetos e da avaliação das metas no ano cruzeiro dos projetos, foram bastantes, o que contextualiza a apresentação de propostas de melhoria.The innovation and performance of companies has become evident and is a topic with relevance at an academic level and also at a business level. Given the market failures and the economic scenario, over the years public programs have been implemented with the aim of providing better guidance for the implementation of innovation at national and European level. However, many studies on the perception of these programs and their effectiveness have been measured in quantitative terms, for example by means of the value of the incentive paid, so an analysis in real terms requires additional research. The objective of this investigation is to study the Impact of the Productive Innovation Incentive System, which belongs to the Portugal 2020 community framework, in companies, particularly to assess the perception of its effects on business innovation and which aspects are considered critical that can be improved on similar programs in the future. With the aim of bringing this topic closer to the business fabric that run for this incentive system, a qualitative study was conducted based on six interviews with companies and two more with IAPMEI staff responsible for managing and implementing incentives for companies. The results make it possible to verify that the incentive had a positive impact on all the companies interviewed, insofar as they were able to innovate sooner than if they had not carried out the project or even enabled full innovation in the sense that if they had not benefited from the incentive they would not could practice innovation projects. It was also possible to identify a set of critical points that, through the perception of the companies during the physical and financial execution of the projects and in the year of evaluation of the goals, were enough, which contextualizes the presentation of proposals for improvement

Do technology strategies matter? A comparison of two electrical engineering corporations, 1988-1998

In order to reap competitive advantage from innovation, a firms technology activities should square with its technology strategy - but how do technology strategies relate to activities and financial performance in relevant business areas? This paper investigates this question by means of a comparison between two leading firms in the electrical engineering industry: ABB and General Electric. We show that substantial performance differences between these companies in the power generation field are related to differences in their espoused technology strategies (as indicated by statements in annual reports) and technology activities (as indicated by patenting) and the degree of alignment between these.This is an electronic version of an article published in: Anna Bergek, Christian Berggren and Fredrik Tell , Do technology strategies matter? A comparison of two electrical engineering corporations, 1988-1998, 2009, TECHNOLOGY ANALYSIS and STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT, (21), 4, 445-470. TECHNOLOGY ANALYSIS and STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT is available online at informaworldTM: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09537320902818744 Copyright: Taylor & Francis http://www.tandf.co.uk/journals/default.as

Contrasting catching-up histories of the Korean and the Japanese heavy electrical industries in the 1970s-2000s

The thesis is motivated by contrasting catching-up performances of the Korean heavy electrical industry (HEI) across nuclear power and gas turbine, which have serious ramifications for energy policy as well as catching-up studies. When the opposite performance of Japanese counterparts across the two technologies is compared to the Korean case, the existing catching-up literature based on firm capabilities and sectoral approaches does not offer direct answers. Also, while most of government energy policies are focused on research and development (R&D) efforts, they pay little attention to a wide set of institutions, which might constrain and incentivise a specific technology catching-up. The idiosyncratic catching-up experiences and potential mismatch between catching-up policies and the institutional factors of the Korean HEI urge comparative and institutional perspectives for a generalisable claim. Therefore, the thesis adopts a partial comparative case study between the Korean HEI and the ‘earlier’ latecomer, namely Japanese HEI, as a reference case with mostly secondary evidences based on a broad version of national system of innovation system (NSI) approach (Freeman 1987; Lundvall 1988; Lundvall et al., 2002). The adopted NSI framework assumes a potential dichotomy of cross-technology and cross-nation performance attributes to contrasting institutional set-ups. It focusses on two salient institutions of the electricity supply industry (ESI), including business and environmental regulations, and their impact on the catching-up performances across the two technologies. It finds historically evolved ESI-HEI relationships based on the specific institutional set of ESI substantially influenced the dichotomy of cross-nation and cross-technology catching-up performances, regardless of R&D expenditures and relative technological capabilities of HEI firms. The result supplements the NSI literature by linking the variation of a set of institutions with catching-up performance variations. It also offers strategic implications to catching-up countries, such as the potential necessity for institutional reforms of the ESI in pursuing energy technology catching-up policies