A new slacks-based measure of Malmquist-Luenberger index in the presence of undesirable outputs

In the majority of production processes, noticeable amounts of bad byproducts or bad outputs are produced. The negative effects of the bad outputs on efficiency cannot be handled by the standard Malmquist index to measure productivity change over time. Toward this end, the Malmquist-Luenberger index (MLI) has been introduced, when undesirable outputs are present. In this paper, we introduce a Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) model as well as an algorithm, which can successfully eliminate a common infeasibility problem encountered in MLI mixed period problems. This model incorporates the best endogenous direction amongst all other possible directions to increase desirable output and decrease the undesirable outputs at the same time. A simple example used to illustrate the new algorithm and a real application of steam power plants is used to show the applicability of the proposed model

Eco-efficiency measurement and material balance principle:an application in power plants Malmquist Luenberger Index

Incorporating Material Balance Principle (MBP) in industrial and agricultural performance measurement systems with pollutant factors has been on the rise in recent years. Many conventional methods of performance measurement have proven incompatible with the material flow conditions. This study will address the issue of eco-efficiency measurement adjusted for pollution, taking into account materials flow conditions and the MBP requirements, in order to provide ‘real’ measures of performance that can serve as guides when making policies. We develop a new approach by integrating slacks-based measure to enhance the Malmquist Luenberger Index by a material balance condition that reflects the conservation of matter. This model is compared with a similar model, which incorporates MBP using the trade-off approach to measure productivity and eco-efficiency trends of power plants. Results reveal similar findings for both models substantiating robustness and applicability of the proposed model in this paper

Eco-efficiency considering the issue of heterogeneity among power plants

One of the main objectives in restructuring power industry is enhancing the efficiency of power facilities. However, power generation industry, which plays a key role in the power industry, has a noticeable share in emission amongst all other emission-generating sectors. In this study, we have developed some new Data Envelopment Analysis models to find efficient power plants based on less fuel consumption, combusting less polluting fuel types, and incorporating emission factors in order to measure the ecological efficiency trend. We then applied these models to measuring eco-efficiency during an eight-year period of power industry restructuring in Iran. Results reveal that there has been a significant improvement in eco-efficiency, cost efficiency and allocative efficiency of the power plants during the restructuring period. It is also shown that despite the hydro power plants look eco-efficient; the combined cycle ones have been more allocative efficient than the other power generation technologies used in Iran

Power industry restructuring and eco-efficiency changes:a new slacks-based model in Malmquist-Luenberger Index measurement

Measuring variations in efficiency and its extension, eco-efficiency, during a restructuring period in different industries has always been a point of interest for regulators and policy makers. This paper assesses the impacts of restructuring of procurement in the Iranian power industry on the performance of power plants. We introduce a new slacks-based model for Malmquist-Luenberger (ML) Index measurement and apply it to the power plants to calculate the efficiency, eco-efficiency, and technological changes over the 8-year period (2003-2010) of restructuring in the power industry. The results reveal that although the restructuring had different effects on the individual power plants, the overall growth in the eco-efficiency of the sector was mainly due to advances in pure technology. We also assess the correlation between efficiency and eco-efficiency of the power plants, which indicates a close relationship between these two steps, thus lending support to the incorporation of environmental factors in efficiency analysis

Эффективность системы начального, среднего и высшего образования в воеводствах Польши

Недавно проведенная реформа системы школьного и университетского образования в Польше показала необходимость повышения эффективности учебных заведений. В связи с этим является целесообразным проанализировать и оценить эффективность образовательных центров до проведения реформ. Положительное влияние образовательных учреждений на развитие человеческого капитала может вести к увеличению благосостояния региона. На данный момент тема эффективности систем начального, среднего и высшего образования в польских воеводствах остается недостаточно изученной. Цель данной статьи - представить результаты исследований эффективности трех уровней польской системы образования за 2016 г. Для проверки эффективности была применена нерадиальная асимметричная функция направленного расстояния (Slack-Based Directional Distance Function), которая относится к методологии анализа среды функционирования (DEA). В качестве входных переменных модели были использованы показатели количества учителей, работающих в отдельных воеводствах, количества школ и университетов. Количество школьников и студентов рассматривалось как выходная переменная. Была выдвинута гипотеза о существовании положительной корреляция между эффективностью системы образования и экономическими показателями рынка труда в провинции. Полученные данные подтвердили эту гипотезу: чем выше показатель эффективности системы образования в воеводстве, тем больше количество малых и средних предприятий на 10 000 жителей, и, в свою очередь, выше валовой внутренний продукт на душу населения и ниже процент безработных в регионе. Результаты исследования могут быть использованы различными группами заинтересованных сторон, в частности, сотрудниками министерств, отвечающих за функционирование системы начального, среднего и высшего образования. Ограничения исследования касаются выбора входных и выходных переменных, поскольку проведенный анализ статичен (изучались данные за один год), поэтому дальнейшие исследования необходимо продолжить с использованием динамического подхода.The reform of the Polish education system (both lower and higher education) that was carried out in recent years has shown the need to improve the efficiency of schools. Therefore, it is reasonable to analyse and evaluate the efficiency of educational centres before implementing reforms. Educational units influence the development of human capital, which should translate into an increase in the wealth of a given region. To our knowledge, there is a lack of research on the technical efficiency of the primary, secondary and tertiary education systems in particular Polish voivodeships. Therefore, the aim of this paper was to present the results of studies on the efficiency of the three levels of the Polish education sector in 2016. The non-radial Slack-Based Directional Distance Function (SBDDF) model, which belongs to the nonparametric Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) method, was used to test the efficiency. The number of teachers employed in particular voivodeships, as well as the number of schools and universities were assumed as inputs. The number of pupils and students was assumed as outputs. We hypothesise that there is a positive correlation between the efficiency of the education system and the labour market economic indicators in the province. The hypothesis was verified positively as the findings showed that the higher the education system efficiency indicator in a given voivodeship, the greater the number of the SME sector companies per 10,000 inhabitants, the higher the gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita and the lower the percentage of the unemployed in the region. The study results may be of use to various groups of stakeholders, in particular, employees of ministries responsible for the functioning of primary, secondary and tertiary education. The limitations of the study concern the selection of variables adopted on the input and output side. Moreover, the conducted analysis is static (in one year). Therefore, there is a need to continue research using a dynamic approach.Авторы выражают благодарность анонимным рецензентам, чьи многочисленные ценные комментарии и предложения способствовали повышению качества этой научной статьи.The authors would like to thank the anonymous reviewers for their many valuable comments and suggestions, which contributed to the quality of this scientific article

Efficiency of the Education System (Primary, Secondary and Tertiary) in Particular Voivodeships of Poland

The reform of the Polish education system (both lower and higher education) that was carried out in recent years has shown the need to improve the efficiency of schools. Therefore, it is reasonable to analyse and evaluate the efficiency of educational centres before implementing reforms. Educational units influence the development of human capital, which should translate into an increase in the wealth of a given region. To our knowledge, there is a lack of research on the technical efficiency of the primary, secondary and tertiary education systems in particular Polish voivodeships. Therefore, the aim of this paper was to present the results of studies on the efficiency of the three levels of the Polish education sector in 2016. The non-radial Slack-Based Directional Distance Function (SBDDF) model, which belongs to the nonparametric Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) method, was used to test the efficiency. The number of teachers employed in particular voivodeships, as well as the number of schools and universities were assumed as inputs. The number of pupils and students was assumed as outputs. We hypothesise that there is a positive correlation between the efficiency of the education system and the labour market economic indicators in the province. The hypothesis was verified positively as the findings showed that the higher the education system efficiency indicator in a given voivodeship, the greater the number of the SME sector companies per 10,000 inhabitants, the higher the gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita and the lower the percentage of the unemployed in the region. The study results may be of use to various groups of stakeholders, in particular, employees of ministries responsible for the functioning of primary, secondary and tertiary education.

Efficiency of the Education System (Primary, Secondary and Tertiary) in Particular Voivodeships of Poland

The reform of the Polish education system (both lower and higher education) that was carried out in recent years has shown the need to improve the efficiency of schools. Therefore, it is reasonable to analyse and evaluate the efficiency of educational centres before implementing reforms. Educational units influence the development of human capital, which should translate into an increase in the wealth of a given region. To our knowledge, there is a lack of research on the technical efficiency of the primary, secondary and tertiary education systems in particular Polish voivodeships. Therefore, the aim of this paper was to present the results of studies on the efficiency of the three levels of the Polish education sector in 2016. The non-radial Slack-Based Directional Distance Function (SBDDF) model, which belongs to the nonparametric Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) method, was used to test the efficiency. The number of teachers employed in particular voivodeships, as well as the number of schools and universities were assumed as inputs. The number of pupils and students was assumed as outputs. We hypothesise that there is a positive correlation between the efficiency of the education system and the labour market economic indicators in the province. The hypothesis was verified positively as the findings showed that the higher the education system efficiency indicator in a given voivodeship, the greater the number of the SME sector companies per 10,000 inhabitants, the higher the gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita and the lower the percentage of the unemployed in the region. The study results may be of use to various groups of stakeholders, in particular, employees of ministries responsible for the functioning of primary, secondary and tertiary education.

Technical efficiency based on cost gradient measure

This study introduces a new scheme of data envelopment analysis (DEA) named cost gradient measure (CGM) to evaluate technical efficiency. In this model, we can obtain more cost conscious technical efficiency than those by other traditional DEA models such as CCR[7] and slacks-based measure (SBM) [19]. In addition, the CGM can avoid shortcomings of these traditional models, i.e. factor inefficiency scores can be measured for each input as opposed to CCR and SBM models. In this study, we show the generality of CGM that it includes CCR as a special case; and compare the CGM result with those of the other DEA models using illustrative data, and clarify favorite features of this model. In addition, we also apply these models to Japanese electric utilities and explain the characteristics of their results.http://www.grips.ac.jp/list/facultyinfo/tone_kaoru/http://www.grips.ac.jp/list/jp/facultyinfo/yoshida_yuichiro

The change of the Spanish tourist model: From the Sun and Sand to the Security and Sand

There is evidence of specialisation in tourism destinations, but also a lack of literature regarding itsimpact on tourism regional performance. This study aims to contribute to the analysis of thedeterminants of tourism performance. To this end, the efficiency of 17 Spanish regions has beenestimated by meta-frontier data envelopment analysis techniques over the 2008-2018 period. In thesecond stage, we adopt the bootstrapping method proposed by Simar and Wilson to measure theimpact of explanatory factors on tourism efficiency. The results suggest that regions specialised intourism may achieve higher efficiency levels. However, there is evidence of a catching-up process inthe tourism technology of the Spanish regions over the last 10 years. Results also suggest thatsand(kilometres of beaches) andinsecurityare the key drivers of tourism efficiency. Moreover,naturalattractionsis the factor that most positively influences efficiency in non-specialised region

¿Qué posición ocupa España en la UE-28, desde el punto de vista de la eficiencia medioambiental?

La Unión Europea se ha convertido en el grupo de países que más interés está poniendo en la lucha contra el cambio climático y, por tanto, apostando por la reducción de emisiones de gases efecto invernadero. En esta investigación se analiza la eficiencia natural y de gestión, de los 28 países que forman parte de la UE, para el período 2005-2012. La metodología empleada ha sido el cálculo del índice de Malmquist, suponiendo que se produce un cruce en la frontera de eficiencia entre los diferentes períodos considerados. Las variables inputs empleadas han sido la formación bruta de capital, el consumo de energía no emisora y el empleo. En cuanto a las variables output, el PIB y las emisiones de gases efecto invernadero, como output deseable e indeseable, respectivamente. Los resultados que arroja el análisis indican que la eficiencia España ha empeorado, perdiendo posiciones durante el período considerado, desde cualquiera de los dos enfoques previstos, si bien el retroceso es mayor en el caso de la eficiencia de gestión. En lo que respecta al Índice de Malmquist, durante todo el período se han producido ganancias de productividad en España, si bien el efecto de la crisis económica se ha dejado sentir al reducirse los valores de este índice, siendo la reducción en el enfoque de gestión mayor a la que se ha producido en el enfoque natura