HiER 2015. Proceedings des 9. Hildesheimer Evaluierungs- und Retrievalworkshop

Die Digitalisierung formt unsere Informationsumwelten. Disruptive Technologien dringen verstärkt und immer schneller in unseren Alltag ein und verändern unser Informations- und Kommunikationsverhalten. Informationsmärkte wandeln sich. Der 9. Hildesheimer Evaluierungs- und Retrievalworkshop HIER 2015 thematisiert die Gestaltung und Evaluierung von Informationssystemen vor dem Hintergrund der sich beschleunigenden Digitalisierung. Im Fokus stehen die folgenden Themen: Digital Humanities, Internetsuche und Online Marketing, Information Seeking und nutzerzentrierte Entwicklung, E-Learning

Supplementing textbooks with computer-based resources in the primary EFL-classroom

Most reputable educational studies today show that there will never be a direct connection between the use of computers and learning outcomes because learning is mediated through the learning environment and the computer is only one element of that environment. Nevertheless, since most children in Germany have access to a home computer and the internet, the school as an egalitarian institute is obligated to offer pupils a level playing field. Providing some kind of access to computers is, therefore, school's responsibility to the disadvantaged and the underprivileged, irrespective of the reputed pedagogical value of such practice. As with any learning method, the use of computers in the primary English as a Foreign Language (EFL) classroom has to be practiced systematically. Until such use is anchored in the curriculum, it is essential that the teacher makes it a habit for the class to frequent the computer lab at regular intervals. Without frequent use, young learners will practically have to relearn the same computer program every time they use it. Under the tight time constraints prevailing in the EFL primary classroom and the school computer lab, and as most primary EFL teachers are generalists (non-specialists) who teach several subjects, the best possible solution would be to have the same computer program incorporated into other subjects as well, such as German or General Studies (Sachfachunterricht), similarly to content and language integrated learning (CLIL). Teachers should choose computer-assisted activities which reflect and promote pupils’ existing abilities rather than neglect or marginalize them. The suggested activity here is the production of talking books – audio-visual multimedia slideshows and photomontages. It requires pupils to use the listening and speaking skills of a storyteller rather than the reading and writing skills needed for authoring paper storybooks. Pupils whose capacity to express themselves in the foreign language is limited can achieve considerable satisfaction by using pictures to fill lexical and structural gaps. Desktop publishing software and multimedia authoring programs allow young learners of EFL to combine spoken, written, visual and graphic materials to create talking books, thus successfully expressing information and ideas which lie beyond their current level of English competence. The exposure to multi-sensory stimuli during the work with computers gives pupils more physical pegs to associate information with. Evidence suggests that this non-verbal support leads to increased learning and more effective remembering of information

Usable cryptocurrency systems

Since the introduction of Bitcoin in 2008 cryptocurrency and blockchain technology have drawn increasing attention from research and industry alike. The probably most visible evidence of the growing adoption of cryptocurrencies is the combined market capitalization which had reached over USD 2.9 trillion in November 2021. While the market capitalization remains subject to high volatility and has fallen since, the field has been growing steadily behind the scenes. Developer activity has been growing over the last decade and multiple projects which had been started to improve over the original design have reached maturity in recent years. However, the introduction of new technologies is often accompanied by the emergence of equally new design challenges. Despite the technological progress over the past years, cryptocurrencies have earned a reputation of being hard to get started with and overall difficult to use. But what exactly are the aspects that make them difficult to use? How do users manage their cryptocurrency in practice? Which challenges do they need to overcome? And how can Human-Computer Interaction help overcome these challenges? In several studies, this dissertation addresses these questions and explores them through three different approaches: (1) Cryptocurrency in Human-Computer Interaction: By systematically reviewing published Human-Computer Interaction research since the inception of Bitcoin, we organize the existing research effort and juxtapose it with the changing landscape of emerging technologies from practice to identify avenues for future research. Our results show that existing research has overwhelmingly focused on Bitcoin and Ethereum, while not addressing novel cryptocurrencies. (2) Understanding User Behavior: By exploring user behavior through multiple lenses we shed light on real-world practices of users and the challenges they face. We explore security and privacy practices through a qualitative interview study and triangulate the results in a delphi-study with 25 experts. We conducted an interview study to understand a particularly relevant point for the adoption of cryptocurrency – we investigate challenges first-time users face. Our results show that many usability issues are not rooted in the technical aspects of blockchain technology and can be addressed through Human-Computer Interaction research. (3) Improving Application Usability: By evaluating different approaches on how to aid the development of cryptocurrency applications we translate the findings of our empirical work into artifacts and put them to the test. Our results show that onboarding in mobile apps can improve perceived usability for first-time users under the right conditions, that Bitcoin Lightning can serve as a usable settlement layer for everyday transactions, that education can support the next generation of developers in building more useful applications, and that systems for rapid interface prototyping may speed up development efforts. Collectively, the contribution of this dissertation centers around the ongoing discussion on how to build usable cryptocurrency systems. More precisely, this dissertation contributes (a) empirical studies that show how users manage their cryptocurrency in practice and which challenges they face in doing so and (b) constructive approaches attempting to support the development of cryptocurrency systems in the future. The work concludes by reflecting on the future role of Human-Computer Interaction research in the cryptocurrency and blockchain space

Web Engineering for Workflow-based Applications: Models, Systems and Methodologies

This dissertation presents novel solutions for the construction of Workflow-based Web applications: The Web Engineering DSL Framework, a stakeholder-oriented Web Engineering methodology based on Domain-Specific Languages; the Workflow DSL for the efficient engineering of Web-based Workflows with strong stakeholder involvement; the Dialog DSL for the usability-oriented development of advanced Web-based dialogs; the Web Engineering Reuse Sphere enabling holistic, stakeholder-oriented reuse

User Satisfaction with Personalised Internet Applications

The study focuses on user satisfaction with websites and personalised internet applications in particular. The abundance of information on the web is increasing more and more. Therefore, the significance of websites targeting the users’ preferences, like personalised Internet applications, is rising. The aim of this study was to find out which factors determine user satisfaction with personalised internet applications. Factors like the usefulness of the information or trust towards how personal information is handled were considered. A large-scale user survey evaluating three internet applications (from the travel, e-learning and real estate domains) was conducted. Expert opinions were collected to complement the results and provide insights from users’ and experts’ points of views

Implementing digital health technologies in intensive care: a mixed methods study with development of an implementation framework

Background: In the context of the digital transformation of healthcare, technologies such as tablet-based remote patient monitoring systems promise to improve patient-related outcomes and reduce workload of healthcare staff. However, the introduction of novel digital technologies into routine clinical practice, e.g. in intensive care units (ICUs), is still lagging behind. In the context of implementing a remote patient monitoring system, we aimed to explore expectations of ICU staff regarding patient monitoring, validate them, and develop an implementation framework for digital health technologies in the ICU. Methods: We followed an exploratory research approach using mixed methods. The data collection included semi-structured interviews, field visits and focus groups; and an online cross-sectional survey to validate the insights gained. We derived the implementation framework applying inductive and deductive analysis. The deduction was oriented towards the categories of the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research and the Expert Recommendations for Implementing Change. Results: Staff expectations regarding novel patient monitoring solutions included introducing wireless sensors, enhanced usability and optimized alarm management. Many false positive alarms due to poor alarm hygiene were considered problematic, more training with new devices was demanded. In the validation study, staff members stated that high rates of false-positive alarms (n=60, 70% chose “Strongly agree” or “Agree”) and too many sensor cables (n=66, 77%) would disturb patient care. They supported using remote patient monitoring for earlier alerts (n=55, 65%) and artificial-intelligence-powered clinical decision support systems for early detection of complications (n=67, 79%). To promote usage of such systems, respondents suggested more interoperability (n=79, 93%), high usability (n=78, 93%) and more training with technologies (n=75, 90%). High quality and regular staff training, clear leadership commitment and feedback opportunities for staff should be installed for improved implementation. The presented framework compiles strategies to apply before, during and in the general context of the implementation, focussing on usability and adaptability of the intervention, staff involvement, communication, and evaluation strategies. Conclusions: The implementation of digital health technology in specialized settings like the ICU requires a high level of staff resources and commitment. It is important to test the adaptability of the technology and improve it with a user-centered approach in design and implementation. The implementation involves interdisciplinary staff engagement, clear communication of the project, and continuous assessment of implementation requirements and conditions should be continuously reassessed. The presented framework may guide implementation leaders towards sustainable and user-centered introduction of digital health technology in the ICU.Neue digitale Gesundheitstechnologien könnten patientenbezogene Out-comes verbessern und die Arbeitsbelastung des Personals reduzieren. Ihre Einführung in die klinische Routinepraxis auf Intensivstationen verläuft jedoch schleppend. Im Kontext der Implementierung eines neuen Patientenmonitoringsystems auf einer Intensivstation untersuchten wir Erwartungen des Personals an die Monitoring-Technologie, validierten sie und entwickelten ein Implementierungsframework für digitale Gesundheitstechnologien auf Intensivstationen. Methoden: Wir verfolgten einen explorativen Mixed-Methods Forschungsansatz. Die Datenerhebung umfasste semistrukturierte Interviews, Feldbeobachtungen und Fokusgruppen, die induktiv und deduktiv analysiert wurden, sowie einen Onlinefragebogen, der deskriptiv ausgewertet wurde. Das Implementierungsframework wurde induktiv und deduktiv aus der Datengrundlage heraus sowie aufbauend auf evidenzbasierten Rahmenwerken entwickelt. Ergebnisse: Das Personal wünschte sich für ein zukünftiges Patientenmonitoring drahtlose Sensoren, höhere Benutzerfreundlichkeit und ein optimiertes Alarmmanagement. Sie bewerteten viele falsch-positive Alarme problematisch und forderten mehr Training mit neuen Geräten. Auch in der Validierungsstudie wurden zu viele falsch-positive Alarme (n=60, 70% wählten "stimme voll zu" oder "stimme zu") und zu viele Sensorkabel (n=66, 77%) bemängelt. Das Personal befürwortete den Einsatz von Patientenfernüberwachung um früher alarmiert zu werden (n=55, 65%), und von durch Künstliche Intelligenz gestützte Entscheidungshilfesystemen für die Früherkennung von Komplikationen (n=67, 79%). Für eine höhere Nutzung solcher Systeme seien Interoperabilität (n=79, 93%), Benutzerfreundlichkeit (n=78, 93%) und mehr Schulungen (n=75, 90%) sinnvoll. Zur Verbesserung der Implementierung sollten qualitativ hochwertige und regelmäßige Mitarbeiterschulungen, ein klares Leitungsengagement für das Projekt und Feedbackmöglichkeiten vorhanden sein. Das Implementierungsframework für digitale Gesundheitstechnologien auf Intensivstationen enthält Strategien, die vor, während und im allgemeinen Kontext der Implementierung angewandt werden können, wobei die Benutzerfreundlichkeit und Anpassungsfähigkeit der Intervention, die Einbeziehung des Personals, die Kommunikation und die Evaluierungsstrategien im Mittelpunkt stehen. Schlussfolgerungen: Die Implementierung digitaler Gesundheitstechnologien in spezialisierten Settings wie Intensivstationen muss sorgfältig geplant werden. Im Fokus steht die Einschätzung der Anpassungsfähigkeit der Technologie, die mit nutzerzentrierten Methoden verbessert werden sollte, u.a. durch die Einbeziehung des interdisziplinären Personals und eine klare Kommunikation des Projekts. Zudem sollten Anforderungen für die Implementierung kontinuierlich neu eingeschätzt werden. Das Framework kann Verantwortlichen in der Implementierungspraxis als Leitfaden dienen

SciKGTeX - A LATEX Package to Semantically Annotate Contributions in Scientific Publications

The continuously increasing output of published research makes the work of researchers harder as it becomes impossible to keep track of and compare the most recent advances in a field. Scientific knowledge graphs have been proposed as a solution to structure the content of research publications in a machine-readable way and enable more efficient, computer-assisted workflows for many research activities. Crowdsourcing approaches are used frequently to build and maintain such scientific knowledge graphs. Researchers are motivated to contribute to these crowdsourcing efforts as they want their work to be included in the knowledge graphs and benefit from applications built on top of them. To contribute to scientific knowledge graphs, researchers need simple and easy-to-use solutions to generate new knowledge graph elements and establish the practice of semantic representations in scientific communication. In this thesis, I present SciKGTeX, a LATEX package to semantically annotate scientific contributions at the time of document creation. The LATEX package allows authors of scientific publications to mark the main contributions such as the background, research problem, method, results and conclusion of their work directly in LATEX source files. The package then automatically embeds them as metadata into the generated PDF document. In addition to the package, I document a user evaluation with 26 participants which I conducted to assess the usability and feasibility of the solution. The analysis of the evaluation results shows that SciKGTeX is highly usable with a score of 79 out of 100 on the System Usability Scale. Furthermore, the study showed that the functionalities of the package can be picked up very quickly by the study participants which only needed 7 minutes on average to annotate the main contributions on a sample abstract of a published paper. SciKGTeX demonstrates a new way to generate structured metadata for the key contributions of research publications and embed them into PDF files at the time of document creation

Hypertext Semiotics in the Commercialized Internet

Die Hypertext Theorie verwendet die selbe Terminologie, welche seit Jahrzehnten in der semiotischen Forschung untersucht wird, wie z.B. Zeichen, Text, Kommunikation, Code, Metapher, Paradigma, Syntax, usw. Aufbauend auf jenen Ergebnissen, welche in der Anwendung semiotischer Prinzipien und Methoden auf die Informatik erfolgreich waren, wie etwa Computer Semiotics, Computational Semiotics und Semiotic Interface Engineering, legt diese Dissertation einen systematischen Ansatz für all jene Forscher dar, die bereit sind, Hypertext aus einer semiotischen Perspektive zu betrachten. Durch die Verknüpfung existierender Hypertext-Modelle mit den Resultaten aus der Semiotik auf allen Sinnesebenen der textuellen, auditiven, visuellen, taktilen und geruchlichen Wahrnehmung skizziert der Autor Prolegomena einer Hypertext-Semiotik-Theorie, anstatt ein völlig neues Hypertext-Modell zu präsentieren. Eine Einführung in die Geschichte der Hypertexte, von ihrer Vorgeschichte bis zum heutigen Entwicklungsstand und den gegenwärtigen Entwicklungen im kommerzialisierten World Wide Web bilden den Rahmen für diesen Ansatz, welcher als Fundierung des Brückenschlages zwischen Mediensemiotik und Computer-Semiotik angesehen werden darf. Während Computer-Semiotiker wissen, dass der Computer eine semiotische Maschine ist und Experten der künstlichen Intelligenz-Forschung die Rolle der Semiotik in der Entwicklung der nächsten Hypertext-Generation betonen, bedient sich diese Arbeit einer breiteren methodologischen Basis. Dementsprechend reichen die Teilgebiete von Hypertextanwendungen, -paradigmen, und -strukturen, über Navigation, Web Design und Web Augmentation zu einem interdisziplinären Spektrum detaillierter Analysen, z.B. des Zeigeinstrumentes der Web Browser, des Klammeraffen-Zeichens und der sogenannten Emoticons. Die Bezeichnung ''Icon'' wird als unpassender Name für jene Bildchen, welche von der graphischen Benutzeroberfläche her bekannt sind und in Hypertexten eingesetzt werden, zurückgewiesen und diese Bildchen durch eine neue Generation mächtiger Graphic Link Markers ersetzt. Diese Ergebnisse werden im Kontext der Kommerzialisierung des Internet betrachtet. Neben der Identifizierung der Hauptprobleme des eCommerce aus der Perspektive der Hypertext Semiotik, widmet sich der Autor den Informationsgütern und den derzeitigen Hindernissen für die New Economy, wie etwa der restriktiven Gesetzeslage in Sachen Copyright und Intellectual Property. Diese anachronistischen Beschränkungen basieren auf der problematischen Annahme, dass auch der Informationswert durch die Knappheit bestimmt wird. Eine semiotische Analyse der iMarketing Techniken, wie z.B. Banner Werbung, Keywords und Link Injektion, sowie Exkurse über den Browser Krieg und den Toywar runden die Dissertation ab

A Semantic Wiki-based Platform for IT Service Management

The book researches the use of a semantic wiki in the area of IT Service Management within the IT department of an SME. An emphasis of the book lies in the design and prototypical implementation of tools for the integration of ITSM-relevant information into the semantic wiki, as well as tools for interactions between the wiki and external programs. The result of the book is a platform for agile, semantic wiki-based ITSM for IT administration teams of SMEs

Mobile services in banking sector: The role of innovative business solutions in generating competitive advantage

The wide-ranging economic developments of the previous decade, e.g. the integration of world economies, have made a significant impact towards increasing the mobility of the working populace and their families. At the same time, technological developments especially in the field of telecommunication have made it possible to offer innovative, location sensitive services on ubiquitous basis to customers on the move. Our paper examines innovative mobile solutions in the field of mobile financial services (MFS) by using four case studies from Germany and Switzerland - representing two banks and two different technology solutions. The paper scrutinizes the strategic relevance of MFS to the competitive position of the firm concerned. Finally, we present five propositions about the role of innovative business solutions in the banking sectors and recommend that a large scale empirical study to test these propositions be conducted in the future. --Mobile Banking,Mobile Commerce,Mobile Financial Services,Multi-channel strategy,Innovation in banking sector